scholarly journals Abstract P-32: Lung Structural Changes in Covid-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S25-S26
Author(s):  
Valeriy Kartashev ◽  
Djamshid Mardonov ◽  
Bahshillo Mamirov ◽  
Azamat Butaev
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Parietal Pleura ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
Primary Diagnostics

Background: The main causes of death from Covid-19 are lung lesions with the development of respiratory failure. However, structural changes in the lung tissue in this pathology are poorly studied. We examined autopsy material from patients with Covid-19. The severe condition of patients, the manifestation of pulmonary symptoms of damage (cough, dyspnea) and the high probability of viral pneumonia at COVID-19 led to the widespread use of CT diagnostics in this group of patients, which allowed to identify of the primary signs of the disease, their subsequent transformation as well as the most adverse radiation symptoms corresponding to the severe course of the process (Speranskaya, 2020; Pan et al., 2019). In the cases studied by us, the detection of typical symptoms revealed by radiation diagnostics of COVID-19 was subsequently confirmed by PCR data, which may indicate a high information content and specificity of detecting CT symptoms of a lesion as a method of primary diagnostics. The aim of our study is to confirm at the microscopic level the correspondence of MSCT changes. Methods: The material was taken at autopsy of deceased patients, fixed in 10% formalin solution in phosphate buffer, paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The autopsy material was examined using a Carl Zeiss light microscope, Axioskop 40. Results: Studies have shown that most of the alveoli of the lung tissue kept their airiness. However, their lumens were significantly reduced due to a significant thickening of the interalveolar septa caused by pronounced inflammatory infiltration mainly by lymphocytes. The most significant changes were revealed from the side of the microvasculature. There are numerous blood clots of various sizes in the lumen of most micro-vessels. The walls of microvessels have been significantly thickened with pronounced inflammatory infiltration and significant edema. The lumens of microvessels have been characterized by significant polymorphism. Intraluminal clots have been also characterized by pronounced polymorphism. The parietal pleura has been thickened. This has been reflected in the MSCT images and corresponds to the processes of perivascular infiltration. Conclusion: The primary CT pattern of COVID-19 is a picture of infiltration of individual secondary pulmonary lobules of the "ground glass" type, followed by a decrease in the lesion volume at a favorable course of the disease, or their increase, the addition of a CT picture of a "cobblestone pavement" and the appearance of alveolar infiltration in the area of "ground glass" at the unfavorable course of the disease.

scholarly journals Morphological and structural variants of cellular and stromal interaction in a focus of destruction in acute lung abscess and lung gangrene in term of formation and stabilisation of fibrin-associated processes

2008 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Ya. N. Shoikhet ◽  
A. V. Lepilov ◽  
Yu. G. Motin ◽  
A. P. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Cell Reaction ◽  
Acute Lung Inflammation ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Bilateral Lung ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Purulent and destructive lung diseases are often complicated by loss of anatomic structure of lung tissue, development of lung cirrhosis with subsequent respiratory and heart failure. We performed pathomorphological examination of operational and post mortem lung tissue specimens from 116 inpatients of 25 to 78 years of age with acute lung abscess or lung gangrene who was treated at a pulmonology center from 1999 to 2005. Acute lung inflammation tending to suppuration was characterized by pronounced cell reaction with no "fibrin blockage" and resulted in extended histolysis and abscess formation. "Young" fibrin was often found. Microvessels were fully passable, full-blooded with no fibrin into lumen. At subacute stage, fibrin was "maturing" with subsequent organization and growth of granulated tissue. Clinically, there were sequestered lung abscesses. Massive deposits of "young" and "maturing" fibrin formed "fibrin cocoon" with macrophages and neutrophils bricked up inside. Cell reaction was weak. There were swelling and desquamation of endothelium of microvessels, massive fibrin deposits into vessel lumen and prominent perivascular impregnation with fibrin. This pathological variant could lead to formation of abscess or pulmonary fibrosis with carnification. In cases of massive subtotal or total, often bilateral lung injury with weak delimiting of purulent and destructive process massive destructive zones with resting lung parenchyma faintly impregnated with fibrin were seen. There were no features of fibrin deposition inside microvessels. Functional activity of neutrophils and macrophages was greatly decreased. Therefore, the most favourable pathohistological variant appears to be formation of fibrin blockage consisted of "young" fibrin deposits; prominent cell reaction and absence of microcirculatory block. Structural changes of cells and stroma should be considered during pathological examination in order to provide optimal treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Radiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis depending on the gene polymorphism of HLA-DRB1.

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1098-1100
Author(s):  
N. A. Stepanova ◽  
B. I. Kantemirova ◽  
Kh. M. Galimzyanov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Specific Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Clinical Forms

Aim. To study radiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis according to the polymorphism of the gene HLA-DRB1. Materials and methods. Radiologically examined 73 newly diagnosed patients with different clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis and genotyped for HLA-DRB1 by PCR-MSSR. Results. The analysis of associations specificities gene HLA-DRB1* depending on the x-ray picture of the disease. It is found that the specificity (*04, *11, *13, *14 and *16 gene HLA- DRB1 *) positively associated with the amount of a specific process for more than three segments and destruction of lung tissue. Genotypes with 01*, 07*, 08*, 10*, 12*, 15* and 16* specificities HLA- DRB1* lesion volume were less than three segments, with a predominance of productive inflammation of the lung tissue. Conclusions. X-ray picture of the 60.3% of patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis characterized by common (equity, polysegmental) lesions of the lung tissue. The obtained results of the study of gene polymorphism immune response HLA- DRB1*, show some specificity, in particular *04, *11, *13 and *16 alleles of HLA-DRB1*, possibly responsible for massive infiltration and destruction of lung tissue.

scholarly journals IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTIC OF INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION OF INTACT KERATINOCYTES IN SEVERE SEPSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
E.Y. Shapovalova ◽  
◽  
G.A. Demyashkin ◽  
M.Yu. Malanichrev ◽  
D.A. Pogasyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Epidermal Barrier

The present study examined the role of intercellular communication of the epidermis (claudin-1, occludin and ZO) in sepsis (autopsy material; n = 30) by immunohistochemical method. The detected decrease in immunostaning for proteins of intercellular communication, claudin-1 – (64,1 ± 1,1) %; occludin – (19,3 ± 2,1) %; ZO – (17,5 ± 1,4) % сauses minor structural changes, manifested by a violation of local homeostasis and epidermal barrier dysfunction.

scholarly journals CT diagnostics and monitoring of the course of viral pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the work of the “COVID-19 Hospital”, based on the Federal Specialized Medical Scientific Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Kаrmаzаnovsky ◽  
K. A. Zamyatina ◽  
V. I. Stashkiv ◽  
M. Yu. Shantarevich ◽  
E. V. Kondratyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Ct Examination ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Pcr Test

Purpose. The research goal comprises primary analysis of CT examinations results and their interpretation by comparing with the data already available in the literature.Material and methods. During the period from April 17, 2020 to May 18, 2020, 830 chest CT scans were performed and results of 123 CDs with CT scans made by other institutions were interpreted. Follow-up examinations were carried out every 3–4 days or when clinical presentation changed. At the primary stage, we have analysed in a more detail way a group of 69 patients, who were diagnosed with CT-3 or CT-4 volume of lung damage at least once during hospitalization. The patients underwent PCR analysis three times during hospitalization. Among 69 patients, 34 patients had a positive PCR test at least once, the remaining 35 patients had a clinic, corresponding with this disease.Results. At the initial examination, ground-glass opacity prevailed, as it was observed in 44 cases (64%), and lung tissue consolidation was observed in 25 cases (36%) in a group of 69 patients. When comparing the two groups, the average age of the patients with consolidation changes was statistically significantly lower than one of the group where ground-glass opacity prevailed – 51.7 and 59.4 years, respectively (p = 0.01) In the group of patients with pulmonary tissue consolidation, there were fewer concomitant diseases, fatal outcomes, positive PCR test results, a shorter hospitalization period, and fewer cases of tocilizumab administration were noted. At the initial examination the average percentage of pulmonary parenchyma involvement in the group of patients with lung tissue consolidation was higher (63.3%; p = 0.04), follow-up examinations showed c statistically significantly lower average values of the increase in the percentage of involvement of the parenchyma, which acquired negative values after the third CT scan (8.3 after the 2nd CT and −5.2 after the 3rd CT versus 18.5 and 3 in the GGO glass group; p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). No visible differences in CT between the period from the onset of the disease and the predominant symptom in CT were revealed. Meanwhile, on the 5th day (the day of the check-up CT examination) the largest number of patients was determined in both groups.Conclusion. An analysis of our experience during the first month of operation of Covid-19 Hospital is presented. According to our data, the appearance of consolidation at the initial CT examination is probably not related to the period, when the disease has been in progress, and may be associated with a more favorable course of the process.

scholarly journals Xiaoqinglong Decoction Attenuates Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Rats via Inhibition of Autophagy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Huanan Wang ◽  
Bing Mao ◽  
Chang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Effective treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and knowledge of the underlying mechanism are urgently required. Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQL) is widely used to treat COPD in Traditional Chinese Medicine, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that XQL ameliorates COPD via inhibition of autophagy in lung tissue on a rat model. Rats were divided into five groups, namely, Control group, COPD group, COPD + XQL group, COPD + Rapamycin group, and COPD + XQL + Rapamycin group. Pathological changes on cellular and molecular levels, apoptosis reflected by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay, and autophagy represented by LC3II/LC3I ratio and p62 level were investigated for each group. Compared with the Control group, COPD rats exhibited structural changes and activated inflammation in the lung tissue, together with enhanced apoptosis and elevated autophagy biomarkers. XQL treatment significantly ameliorated these changes, while rapamycin augmented them. These data altogether confirmed the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of COPD and suggested that XQL attenuates COPD via inhibition of autophagy.

scholarly journals Functionalized synchrotron in-line phase-contrast computed tomography: a novel approach for simultaneous quantification of structural alterations and localization of barium-labelled alveolar macrophages within mouse lung samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dullin ◽  
Simeone dal Monego ◽  
Emanuel Larsson ◽  
Sara Mohammadi ◽  
Martin Krenkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Approach

Functionalized computed tomography (CT) in combination with labelled cells is virtually non-existent due to the limited sensitivity of X-ray-absorption-based imaging, but would be highly desirable to realise cell tracking studies in entire organisms. In this study we applied in-line free propagation X-ray phase-contrast CT (XPCT) in an allergic asthma mouse model to assess structural changes as well as the biodistribution of barium-labelled macrophages in lung tissue. Alveolar macrophages that were barium-sulfate-loaded and fluorescent-labelled were instilled intratracheally into asthmatic and control mice. Mice were sacrificed after 24 h, lungs were keptin situ, inflated with air and scanned utilizing XPCT at the SYRMEP beamline (Elettra Synchrotron Light Source, Italy). Single-distance phase retrieval was used to generate data sets with ten times greater contrast-to-noise ratio than absorption-based CT (in our setup), thus allowing to depict and quantify structural hallmarks of asthmatic lungs such as reduced air volume, obstruction of airways and increased soft-tissue content. Furthermore, we found a higher concentration as well as a specific accumulation of the barium-labelled macrophages in asthmatic lung tissue. It is believe that XPCT will be beneficial in preclinical asthma research for both the assessment of therapeutic response as well as the analysis of the role of the recruitment of macrophages to inflammatory sites.

scholarly journals Cytokine regulation of inflammatory processes in respiratory organs of rats exposed to the combined inhalation of chemicals in low concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-294
Author(s):  
Maria Yu. Barantseva ◽  
Lana N. Mukhamedieva ◽  
Olga A. Dadasheva ◽  
Dmitry S. Ozerov ◽  
Anna A. Pakhomova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Tracheal Wall ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Low Concentrations

Introduction. Morphological studies of animals (trachea, bronchi, lungs) exposed to the combined inhalation of chemicals in low concentrations showed the progression of structural changes, indicating the activation of inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs. The role of cytokine markers in developing inflammatory and fibrotic processes and remodeling lung tissue has been studied. Materials and methods. Male rats (180-200 g) were exposed to a mixture of chemicals (acetone, acetaldehyde, benzene) in low concentrations of 0.7-1.5; 0.9-1.4; 0.2-0.4 (mg/m3), respectively. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1b, IL-4, TGFβ1, TNFα cytokines (pg/ml) have been measured in the lung homogenate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Microscopic anatomy of the lungs, tracheal wall, bronchi has been studied on the 30th day of exposure and the 15th and 90th days of the recovery period. Results. An increase in interleukin-4 and transforming growth factor TGFβ1 in the homogenate of the lung tissue was shown. An increase in lymphatic follicles, the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and focal accumulations of eosinophils has been observed in the tracheal wall. In lymphoid infiltrates of the lung tissue - eosinophils, macrophages, and plasmocytes. Accumulation of eosinophilic exudate has been observed in some alveoli. The 90th day of the recovery period is characterized by a significant increase of TGFβ1 in the lung tissue, indicating fibrosis, as evidenced by the rise in the number of fibroblasts between the alveoli in the atelectasis zones of lungs. Conclusion. The chronic combined exposure to the mixture of chemicals in low concentrations is accompanied by a pro-inflammatory process in the lungs with the type II hypersensitivity and increasing IL-4 and TGFβ1 (a key mediator of profibrotic activity).

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