scholarly journals Flood model for the Bódva catchment

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Róbert Németh ◽  
Endre Dobos
Keyword(s):  
Water Mass ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Flood Model ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Current Area ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Increasing Load

In term of floods the current area of Hungary has extensively been endangered. Modelling of flood processes – mainly following the hydrological events in the riverbed – has recently been developed. As far as protection dykes provide protection of the inhabited and agricultural areas, the flood models can run with acceptable preciseness. However, when dykes cannot withstand against the increasing load and a dyke burst occurs, fast and efficient protection measures shall be taken in the protected areas. The dynamic 4D Flood model presented in this paper makes possible a fast modelling of dyke burst occurring in the protected side and spreading of water mass, based on real parameters. For this reason the features of protected area shall be recognised, for example topology of creeks, features of agricultural and inhabited areas, parameters of roads, railways, rainwater drainage, buildings, natural conditions (soil parameters, meteorological characteristics, etc.). The results satisfy the comprehensive demands of the Directorate General for Disaster Prevention of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. In case of dyke burst, the completed Flood Model can run the expected events of the next hour in a few minutes. This time is enough for the specialists to bring operative decisions to protect the inhabitants and avoid material losses.

scholarly journals The Expansion Mechanism of Rural Residential Land and Implications for Sustainable Regional Development: Evidence from the Baota District in China’s Loess Plateau

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Zongfeng Chen ◽  
Xueqi Liu ◽  
Zhi Lu ◽  
Yurui Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Rural Residential Land

Rural residential land is the main space of a farmer’s life, rural culture, and social relations. Prior research of rural residential land has focused more on its evolvement in plain and traditional agricultural areas. Yet, there is no clear picture of rural residential land expansion, especially in ecologically fragile areas. This study analyzed the characteristics of rural residential land expansion based on 30 m spatial resolution land-use datasets of the Baota District of Yan’an City, Shannxi Province, and further explored the influencing factors and mechanisms of rural residential land expansion through binary logistic regression (BLR) modeling. Our findings indicated that the area of rural residential land in the Baota District increased by 116.16% during 1990–2015. More than 75% of the residential land expansion came from the occupation of cropland. Moreover, rural residential land expansion was heterogeneous in the rural regional system. The expansion scale, speed, and mode diversity of rural residential land decreased with the increased distance to urban built-up areas. Geographical conditions and resource endowments are the primary internal driving factors; urbanization and policy implementation are two major external driving forces. The authors suggest that the realization of regional sustainable development in ecologically fragile areas should strengthen urban–rural integration, focus on constructing central towns, and ensure ecological protection measures.

A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria in agricultural areas of northern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ardpairin ◽  
P. Muangpat ◽  
S. Sonpom ◽  
A. Dumidae ◽  
C. Subkrasae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Indian Strain ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
28S Ribosomal Dna

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, have been successfully used for the control of insect pests. The objectives of this study were to survey the EPNs and symbiotic bacteria in the agricultural areas of the Phitsanulok province, Thailand, and to study the association between the soil parameters and presence of EPNs. We collected 200 soil samples from 40 soil sites in agricultural areas (field crops, horticulture crops and forest). The prevalence of EPNs was 8.0% (16/200). Fifteen of the EPN isolates were molecularly identified (based on 28S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer regions) as Steinernema siamkayai. Seven isolates of Xenorhabdus stockiae were identified using recombinase A sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the Steinernema and Xenorhabdus isolates were closely related to S. siamkayai (Indian strain) and X. stockiae (Thai strain), respectively. Significantly more EPNs were recovered from loam than from clay. Although the association between soil parameters (pH, temperature and moisture) and the presence of EPNs was not statistically significant, the elevation levels of the soil sites with and without EPNs were found to be different. Moreover, statistical comparisons between the agricultural areas revealed no significant differences. Therefore, we concluded that S. siamkayai is associated with X. stockiae in agricultural areas and that there is no association between the soil parameters of agricultural areas and presence of EPNs, except for soil texture and the elevation. Steinernema siamkayai may be applied as a biocontrol agent in agricultural areas.

scholarly journals Theory and Guidelines for the Application of the Geophysical Sensor EM38

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heil ◽  
Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Soil Variability ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Soil Sensors ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Apparent Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Characterization of spatial soil variability is key for a better understanding of soils. To arrive at such information geophysical techniques have been used in the last two decades. Due to its easy handling, the geophysical sensor EM38 has widely been used to characterize agricultural areas. The theoretical background and usage of the EM38 is described, and based on multifaceted applications, the interpretation of the results as well as optimized steps for using it are outlined. Common principles and models of the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and strengths and limitations of this technique (calibration and temperature effects) are described as well as additional applications, such as the magnetic susceptibility, a comparison of measurements in vertical and horizontal modes, the use of weighted depth information and the influence of measurement conditions are addressed. Further a comparison of EM38 with other proximal soil sensors and fusion with other devices is described. The study reveals that EM38 is useful because the readings can reflect many different soil parameters.

scholarly journals Impact of land use on soils microbial activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Urbański ◽  
Mateusz Jakubiak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Substrate Induced Respiration ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractThe article considered the influence the various types of land use on microbial activity of soils and thus using this parameter as a universal test of soil quality. Samples for soil respiration studies were taken from agricultural areas, meadows, forests and urban areas (estate cottages). All samples were subjected to the same analytical procedure and the method of measurement was followed by a Substrate-Induced Respiration (SIR) method. Since all the samples were from neighbouring regions and were characterized by similar soil parameters, the obtained results allowed to assess the quality of the soil environment of the surveyed area and to evaluate the total rating of whole area. The obtained results allowed to observe slight divergences between soil samples taken from areas of different use. And although statistically, in this case, these differences were not significant, the characteristics of the respiration curves clearly indicate that there is a dependency between the form of use and the size and rate of soil respiration. In addition, the results have shown that single family housing does not exhibit as much anthropopression to the soil environment as it might seem.

scholarly journals Assessment of the soil quality of Haridwar Uttarakhand India: A comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Sweta Bhardwaj ◽  
D.R. Khanna ◽  
Mukesh Ruhela ◽  
Rakesh Bhutiani ◽  
Rahul Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Accumulation Of Pollutants ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The present study aims to compare the quality of soil of different region of Haridwar with reference to physicochemical and heavy metal parameters. To fulfill the objectives of present study, soil sampling was performed in forest (control site), industrial, residential and agricultural areas in and around Haridwar. Soil samples were analyzed for different physicochemical and heavy metal parameters.  Values of all the studied soil parameters were found highest (an increase of 32% in temperature (16.63 to 21.640C), 121% in soil moisture (13.05 to 28.39%), 29.02% in soil porosity (37.56 to 49.03%), and 19.6% in the water holding capacity (36.22 to 43.58%), 74.18% in conductivity (0.25 to 0.40 µMhos/cm), and 203.78% in chloride (16.67 to 53.97mg/gm)) at the industrial area in comparison to other sites. During the course of the study, an increasing trend in all the parameters at all the sites was observed this may be due to the dumping of industrial solid waste and effluent. Although no negative impact was observed on the soil quality but continuous dumping will results in harmful impacts due to the accumulation of pollutants. Therefore there is a need for safe and proper disposal and utilization techniques to manage the enormous quantity of industrial waste. All the heavy metals (such as copper (0.050 to 0.055mg/gm), manganese (0.232 to 0.242mg/gm), nickel (0.035 to 0.036mg/gm), lead (0.039mg/gm), and iron (1.19 to 1.22) were found in higher concentration during the study period while cadmium was found absent during the study period.

The effectiveness of archaeological predictive maps

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike de Waal ◽  
Jochem Lesparre ◽  
Ryan Espersen ◽  
Ruud Stelten
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Internet Search Engine ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Education Culture

Purpose Archaeological predictive maps can be valuable tools for planning officers, spatial developers and archaeologists. In 2012, the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science asked the St Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research (SECAR) to create archaeological predictive maps for St Eustatius and Saba. The maps were supposed to contribute to more effective management and protection of archaeological sites. The maps were published in 2013 and 2015. The purpose of this paper is to address the question whether the subsequent use of these maps has indeed improved site management and protection. Design/methodology/approach The evaluation proceeded by identifying the users and applications of the maps through questionnaires and an internet search engine, along with follow-up interviews with heritage professionals on both islands. Findings The use of the predictive maps has not yet contributed to improved management and protection of archaeological sites on St Eustatius and Saba. Suggestions have been made to ameliorate this situation and to ensure the preservation of archaeological heritage for future generations. Originality/value The creation of archaeological predictive maps can be an important step towards improving management and protection of archaeological heritage, education and heritage awareness. This is important for St Eustatius and Saba, islands that are characterised by vulnerable archaeological heritage, rapid spatial development and a lack of efficient protection measures. This paper points to the importance of follow-up efforts to ensure effective site management and protection.

Predation pressure on the hatching of the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) in clutch protection projects: a case study in north Portugal

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Ferreira-Rodríguez ◽  
Manuel A. Pombal
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Charadrius Alexandrinus ◽  
Manipulative Experiments ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Kentish Plover ◽  
Main Factor

Context The decline of Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) populations is related to a great variety of factors, including habitat loss, predators and human activities. In particular, predators have been identified as the main factor of low hatching success in many areas. However, few manipulative experiments have addressed this issue. Aims This study was designed to analyse the advantages, but also threats, of the protection measures commonly adopted in clutch protection programs. Methods Through camera traps, monitoring animal tracks and opportunistic observation we identified potential predators. Additionally, predation risk was assessed through simulated clutches. To improve hatching success, antipredator measures were adopted and their effectiveness analysed. Key results Our results show that under natural conditions, most simulated clutches will not complete the incubation period. Primary causes of hatching failure are predation, flooding, desertion and mechanical cleaning of the beaches, but another cause is accidental trampling. In this regard, protection measures greatly increased hatching success. Conclusions The use of clutch protection measures greatly increases hatching success in Kentish plovers. Nevertheless, protection measures are related to an increasing harassment of incubating adults, which could result in clutch desertion or adult predation. Implications Altogether, current results suggest that the efficiency of protection measures needs to be tested and adapted to each particular area; this is because there are a high number of correlated factors that might drastically affect the results in each case.

scholarly journals Calculation of Agricultural Drain Spacing Taking into Account Regularity of Water Exchange in the Vadose Zone

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
I. Nikolskii-Gavrilov ◽  
V. V. Pchyolkin ◽  
C. Landeros-Sánchez ◽  
Montero-Aguirre Saul
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Drain Spacing ◽  
Analytical Formulae ◽  
Homogeneous Soil ◽  
Groundwater Recharge Rate ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Selection Of

Conventional analytical formulae for calculation of subsurface drain spacing for maintaining a desired water table depth in agricultural areas, such as Hooghoudt’s formula, are based on using the ratio between the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks and the groundwater recharge rate q. It is well known that selection of the q value as one of the principle drainage criterion is one of the problems of the drain spacing calculation. In this paper, it is illustrated that for steady state conditions and, in case of homogeneous soil profile, the ratio q/Ks can be substituted by an analytical function that takes into account the regularity of infiltration through the vadose zone. This function can be derived from the soil moisture content in the root zone and other well-known hydrodynamic soil parameters. An example of drain spacing calculation is presented.

scholarly journals Family Farming Plays an Essential Role in Preserving Soil Functionality: A Study on Active Managed and Abandoned Traditional Tree Crop-Based Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3967
Author(s):  
Rita Biasi ◽  
Roberta Farina ◽  
Elena Brunori
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In traditional agricultural areas, where traditional crops (TCs) are cultivated, small farms are still highly represented. Located prevalently in marginal and sensitive areas, agricultural areas have undergone deep transformation. Smallholders have maintained the traditional asset of cultivation (extensive and low input requirement management) only to some extent. In some cases they have adapted traditional orchards into more intensive planting systems. Frequently, they have abandoned agriculture. The land use and management influence soil functions, i.e., the capability of a specific soil to provide key functions in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to assess whether small farms are environmentally sustainable, we used a set of soil quality indicators in three traditional tree crops in the Latium region (central Italy), like hazelnut, grapevine, and Citrus. The soil parameters, chemical, biological, and biochemical, were quantified under three different management models: extensive cultivation, intensive cultivation, and abandonment. The selected set of indicators proved to be able to discriminate adequately between the management models and to be suitable for the soil health assessment. Results proved that hazelnut orchards stored more organic C, independently from farming management, while vineyard showed the lower total organic carbon (TOC). The microbial carbon vs. organic carbon ratio (Cmic-to Corg ratio) was higher for vineyards and Citrus groves, denoting a more active degradation of soil organic matter. Soil enzymes (ESs) involved in C cycle were variable along the different treatments and mainly influenced by the C inputs to soil and soil cover, whereas those involved in N, P, and S cycles were higher in abandoned and extensive TCs. Overall, extensive cultivation performed better in terms of soil quality than intensive or abandonment. This study suggests that a transition to an agriculture based on agroecological principles and toward extensification would provide significant soil-based environmental benefits in marginal sensitive areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document