scholarly journals Validation of an Assistance System for Merging Maneuvers in Highways in Real Driving Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-531
Author(s):  
S. Sanchez-Mateo ◽  
E. Perez-Moreno ◽  
F. Jimenez ◽  
F. Serradilla ◽  
A. Cruz Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Attentional Load ◽  
Driving Conditions

In the latest study conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2018, it was published that human error is still considered the major factor in traffic accidents, 94 %, compared with other causes such as vehicles, environment and unknown critical reasons. Some driving scenarios are especially complex, such as highways merging lanes, where the driver obtains information from the environment while making decisions on how to proceed to perform the maneuver smoothly and safely. Ignorance of the intentions of the drivers around him leads to risky situations between them caused by misunderstandings or erroneous assumptions or perceptions. For this reason, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems could provide information to obtain safer maneuvers in these critical environments. In previous works, the behavior of the driver by means of a visual tracking system while merging in a highway was studied, observing a cognitive load in those instants due to the high attentional load that the maneuver requires. For this reason, a driver assistance system for merging situations is proposed. This system uses V2V communications technology and suggests to the driver how to modify his speed in order to perform the merging manoeuver in a safe way considering the available gap and the relative speeds between vehicles. The paper presents the results of the validation of this system for assisting in the merging maneuver. For this purpose, the interface previously designed and validated in terms of usability, has been integrated into an application for a mobile device, located inside the vehicle and tests has been carried out in real driving conditions.

Gender Differences and Aggressive Driving Behavior: A Factor Analytic Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 1283-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Mouloua ◽  
J. Christopher Brill ◽  
Edwin Shirkey
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
On The Road

Aggressive driving behavior can be manifested in a wide variety of unsafe driving practices such as tailgating, honking, obscene and rude gestures, flashing high beams at slower traffic, and speeding. According the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 2000 report, aggressive driving was a major cause of traffic accidents and injury. The present study was designed to systematically examine 5 previously developed scales related to aggressive driving behavior using a factor analytic approach. A sample of 253 students were administered these five questionnaires and the data were coded and statistically analyzed using a principal components analysis with Varimax rotation on the 81 items of the five combined scales. Nineteen components accounting for 67.4% of the variance were retained. Component scores were computed for the 19 components and then correlated with gender. Three significant ( p < .05) positive r's were found between gender; factors 11 (bright lights action), 12 (delaying action), and 19 (driving drunk). Males in the sample reported performing these actions more than females. There was one negative r between gender and factor 4 (considerate thoughts), suggesting that females reported more pleasant thoughts than males when angered or annoyed on the road.

Risk Predictive Driver Assistance System for Collision Avoidance in Intersection Right Turns

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Fujinami ◽  
Pongsathorn Raksincharoensak ◽  
Dirk Ulbricht ◽  
Rolf Adomat ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driver Assistance System ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Safety Function ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Right Turns

Most traffic accidents that result in injuries or fatalities occur in intersections. In Japan, where cars drive on the left, most of such accidents involve cars that are turning right. This situation serves as the basis of the development of our Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) for intersection right turns. This research focuses on the scenario in which an object darts out from the blind spot created by heavy oncoming traffic as a vehicle is making an intersection right turn. When this happens, even if the driver brakes as hard as possible or an active safety function such as the Autonomous Emergency Braking System (AEBS) applies the brakes, the natural limits of physical friction may make it impossible to avoid a collision. To improve traffic safety given the limited potential of physical friction, this research seeks to develop a risk-predictive right-turn assistance system. The system predicts potential oncoming objects and reduces the vehicle velocity in advance. Blind corners can be detected by on-board sensors without requiring information from surrounding infrastructure. This paper presents a right-turn assistance system that avoids conflict with the AEBS in emergencies by decelerating the ego vehicle to a safe velocity.

Hispanic Involvement in Motor Vehicle Accidents

1996 ◽  
Vol 1560 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Sandra Sainz ◽  
Mitsuru Saito
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Diverse Groups

Many traffic safety-related programs developed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have helped raise the awareness of traffic safety in the United States. So far, the majority of the programs have been geared to English-speaking, average, middle-class Americans. However, because of the surge of immigrants from non-English-speaking countries and an increase in their involvement in motor vehicle accidents, the need for reaching culturally diverse groups has increased. The involvement of Hispanics, the nation's third-largest ethnic group, in motor vehicle accidents is becoming an important agenda. Nationwide, motor vehicle accidents are the third leading cause of death for Hispanics after heart disease and cancer. In spite of this trend, no comprehensive summary of traffic accidents involving Hispanics and their attitude toward traffic safety has been compiled. A study showed a lack of traffic injury and fatality data for Hispanics and a lack of uniformity in reporting such data. Deaths due to motor vehicle accidents were high among Hispanics in their most productive period. Considering the pyramid demographic pattern of Hispanics, traffic safety will be a serious issue in the Hispanic community in the near future.

scholarly journals The development of road safety assessment screening procedures for the City Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Arvin Ramsunder Sarjoo
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Accident Rates ◽  
The City

The word “accident” is a familiar term used to describe a collision involving one or more transportation vehicles that results in property damage, injury or death. The term implies a random event that occurs due to no specific reason other than human error or unforeseen circumstances. The American National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) suggests replacing the word “accident” with “crash” as the word “crash” implies that the collision could have been prevented or minimised by improving driver behaviour, vehicle design, roadway geometry or the environment (Garber and Hoel 2015: 150). In the global context, South Africa, as is characteristic of many developing countries with limited resources, faces the challenge to proactively managing, reducing and eliminating the high incidence of road crashes, injuries and fatalities. Due to an absence of routine Road Safety Assessment and Audit procedures within the relevant departments at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM), the main aim of this research was to develop procedures with measurable benefits which would promote a safer road environment. The data analysis and findings describe statistically significant relationships between Average Daily Traffic (ADT) as the independent variable and Accident Frequency as the dependant variable. The linear regression models and equations as developed allowed for the prediction of crash rates and the prioritisation of CTMM road safety projects. The findings indicated significant increases in accident rates on higher order roads (typically traffic signalled controlled intersections) with factors such as a greater number of intersection conflict points, greater pedestrian volumes and increased intersection saturation or volume/capacity levels contributing to higher accident rates. Intersection controls and traffic safety measures such as traffic circles, traffic signals, and traffic signs were assessed for effectiveness in reducing the Rate of Accidents per Million of Entering Vehicles (RMEVs). The research highlights the vulnerability of Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) (particularly pedestrians) which contributed to approximately 40% of all accident fatalities (Department of Transport 2016: 31). The recommendation therefore is for a road safety assessment and screening process to focus and allocate greater resources in the effort to proactively reduce the number of pedestrian fatalities.

A Commented Synopsis of the Report of the Committee for the National Tire Efficiency Study4

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-93
Author(s):  
Marion G. Pottinger ◽  
Joseph D. Walter ◽  
John D. Eagleburger
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Scrap Tire ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Time Required

Abstract The Congress of the United States petitioned the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences to study replacement passenger car tire rolling resistance in 2005 with funding from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The study was initiated to assess the potential for reduction in replacement tire rolling resistance to yield fuel savings. The time required to realize these savings is less than the time required for automotive and light truck fleet replacement. Congress recognized that other factors besides fuel savings had to be considered if the committee’s advice was to be a reasonable guide for public policy. Therefore, the study simultaneously considered the effect of potential rolling resistance reductions in replacement tires on fuel consumption, wear life, scrap tire generation, traffic safety, and consumer spending for tires and fuel. This paper summarizes the committee’s report issued in 2006. The authors, who were members of the multidisciplinary committee, also provide comments regarding technical difficulties encountered in the committee’s work and ideas for alleviating these difficulties in further studies of this kind. The authors’ comments are clearly differentiated so that these comments will not be confused with findings, conclusions, and recommendations developed by the committee and contained in its final report.

Distribution of Speed and Acceleration on a Tread Wear Course

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Ludwig ◽  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
Acceleration Level ◽  
Longitudinal Acceleration ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
National Highway

Abstract Belted bias and radial Course Monitoring Tires were run over the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration tread wear course at San Angelo on a vehicle instrumented to measure lateral and longitudinal accelerations, speed, and number of wheel rotations. The data were recorded as histograms. The distribution of speed, the distributions of lateral and longitudinal acceleration, and the number of acceleration level crossings are given. Acceleration data for segments of the course are also given.

scholarly journals Experimental Validation on Intersection Turning Trajectory Prediction Method for Advanced Driver Assistance System Based on Triclothoidal Curve

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5900
Author(s):  
Yohei Fujinami ◽  
Pongsathorn Raksincharoensak ◽  
Shunsaku Arita ◽  
Rei Kato
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Trajectory Prediction ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Left Hand

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) for crash avoidance, when making a right-turn in left-hand traffic or left-turn in right-hand traffic, are expected to further reduce the number of traffic accidents caused by automobiles. Accurate future trajectory prediction of an ego vehicle for risk prediction is important to activate the assistance system correctly. Our objectives are to propose a trajectory prediction method for ADAS for safe intersection turnings and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed prediction method. Our proposed curve generation method is capable of generating a smooth curve without discontinuities in the curvature. By incorporating the curve generation method into the vehicle trajectory prediction, the proposed method could simulate the actual driving path of human drivers at a low computational cost. The curve would be required to define positions, angles, and curvatures at its initial and terminal points. Driving experiments conducted at real city traffic intersections proved that the proposed method could predict the trajectory with a high degree of accuracy for various shapes and sizes of the intersections. This paper also describes a method to determine the terminal conditions of the curve generation method from intersection features. We set a hypothesis where the conditions can be defined individually from intersection geometry. From the hypothesis, a formula to determine the parameter was derived empirically from the driving experiments. Public road driving experiments indicated that the parameters for the trajectory prediction could be appropriately estimated by the obtained empirical formula.

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