scholarly journals Laser Research of the Fuel Atomization Process of Internal Combustion Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
P. Stężycki ◽  
M. Kowalski ◽  
A. Jankowski ◽  
Z. Sławinski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimeter ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Atomization Process ◽  
Imaging Methods

The paper presents test methods (mechanical, electrical and optical) for the fuel spray research in combustion engines. Optical methods, imaging and non-imaging can be used in laboratory and engine tests. Imaging methods include flash photography and holography. Their use is limited to testing droplet dimensions larger than 5 µm. Imaging methods have an advantage over non-imaging ones because they allow the droplet to be seen at the point and time where its measurement is required. Non-imaging methods can be divided into two groups: the first, which counts and measures, individual droplets one at a time, and the second, which measures a large number of droplets simultaneously. Exemplary results of research of droplet size distribution in fuel sprays are shown. In tests of atomized fuel spray, in conditions reflecting the conditions of the internal combustion engine, the size of droplets, their distribution in the spray and the velocity of individual droplets are presented. To determine the quality of the fuel spray, two substitute diameters Sauter (D32) and Herdan (D43) were selected, the first of which refers to heat transfer and the second to combustion processes. Laser research equipment including Particle Image Velocimetry laser equipment (PIV), Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) and Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) were applied for testing fuel spray distribution for two kind of fuel. The atomization process from the point of view of combustion and ignition processes, as well as emission levels, is characterized by the best substitute diameter D43, which value is close to the median volume. The most harmful droplets of fuel in the spray are large droplets. Even a few such droplets significantly change the combustion process and emission of toxic exhaust components, mainly NOx.

scholarly journals Assessment of thermodynamic cycle of internal combustion engine in terms of rightsizing

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Zbigniew SROKA ◽  
Maciej DWORACZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Swept Volume

The modification of the downsizing trend of internal combustion engines towards rightsizing is a new challenge for constructors. The change in the displacement volume of internal combustion engines accompanying the rightsizing idea may in fact mean a reduction or increase of the defining swept volume change factors and thus may affect the change in the operating characteristics as a result of changes in combustion process parameters - a research problem described in this publication. Incidents of changes in the displacement volume were considered along with the change of the compression space and at the change of the geometric degree of compression. The new form of the mathematical dependence describing the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle makes it possible to evaluate the opera-tion indicators of the internal combustion engine along with the implementation of the rightsizing idea. The work demonstrated the in-variance of cycle efficiency with different forms of rightsizing.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic modeling of combustion process of the internal combustion engines – an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys STEPANENKO ◽  
Zbigniew KNEBA
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Toxic Emissions ◽  
The Moment

The mathematical description of combustion process in the internal combustion engines is a very difficult task, due to the variety of phenomena that occurring in the engine from the moment when the fuel-air mixture ignites up to the moment when intake and exhaust valves beginning open. Modeling of the combustion process plays an important role in the engine simulation, which allows to predict in-cylinder pressure during the combustion, engine performance and environmental impact with high accuracy. The toxic emissions, which appears as a result of fuels combustion, are one of the main environmental problem and as a result the air pollutant regulations are increasingly stringent, what makes the investigation of the combustion process to be a relevant task.

Measures to improve environmental safety of vehicle transport. Part 1

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
Air Pollution Emissions ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

To a large extent, road transport is responsible for air pollution. Emissions of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines are not only toxic, poisoning all biological organisms, but also create a greenhouse effect, contributing to the process of global warming. The elimination of these extremely undesirable phenomena is ensured by improving the environmental safety of road transport, which is implemented in various ways, including improving the combustion process of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. Keywords automotive wheeled vehicles, fuel energy, internal combustion engines, environmental safety

scholarly journals Assessment methods of the basic parameters of the combustion process in reciprocating internal combustion engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Kazimierz LEJDA ◽  
Michał WARIANEK
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Polytropic Index ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
Basic Parameters

The article presents selected methods of assessing the basic parameters of the combustion process, as well as assessing the usability and limitations of the methods used to determine the initiation and the end of the combustion process in reciprocating internal combustion engines. The methods considered are based on data contained in real, developed indicator diagrams. Basic thermodynamic assumptions and the scope of application of the combustion process evaluation method based on the actual work cycle of a combustion engine prepared in a double logarithmic scale were discussed. The article also mentions the application of the following methods: a direct pressure comparison method in the cylinder, the comparison of the first pressure derivative in the cylinder, logarithmic derivative method of pressure change in the cylinder, the method of the polytropic index, method of the first derivative of the polytropic index and the method of constant values of the polytropic index. The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of the research of our methods.

Effect of Engine Operating Parameters on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Abstract Numerical simulation of flow, combustion, heat release rate and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained using a single cylinder internal combustion engine operating with propane as the fuel. The data are compared with experimental results and show excellent agreement for peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise as a function of crank angle. The results obtained for NO and CO are also found to be in good agreement and are similar to those reported in the literature for the chosen combustion chamber geometry. The results have shown that both the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating parameters affects the flame growth within the combustion chamber which subsequently affects the pollutants emission levels. The code employed the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multi-component chemically reacting fluid flow by finite difference method. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

scholarly journals Hydrogen application in internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Asoyan ◽  
Igor K. Danilov ◽  
Igor A. Asoyan ◽  
Georgy M. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Burning Rate ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Petroleum Origin ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

A technical solution has been proposed to reduce the consumption of basic hydrocarbon fuel, to improve the technical, economic and environmental performance of internal combustion engines by affecting the combustion process of the fuel-air mixture with a minimum effective mass fraction of hydrogen additive in the fuel-air mixture. The burning rate of hydrogen-air mixtures is an order of magnitude greater than the burning rate of similar mixtures based on gasoline or diesel fuel, compared with the former, they are favorably distinguished by their greater detonation stability. With minimal additions of hydrogen to the fuel-air charge, its combustion time is significantly reduced, since hydrogen, having previously mixed with a portion of the air entering the cylinder and burning itself, effectively ignites the mixture in its entirety. Issues related to the accumulation of hydrogen on board the car, its storage, explosion safety, etc., significantly inhibit the development of mass production of cars using hydrogen fuel. The described technical solution allows the generation of hydrogen on board the car and without accumulation to use it as an additive to the main fuel in internal combustion engines. The technical result is to reduce the consumption of hydrocarbon fuels (of petroleum origin) and increase the environmental friendliness of the car due to the reduction of the emission of harmful substances in exhaust gases.

FEATURES OF MEASURING THE CAMSHAFT OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (30) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
A. V. Summanen ◽  
◽  
S. V. Ugolkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Combustion Engines

This article discusses the issues of assessing the technical condition of the camshaft, internal combustion engine. The necessary parameters for assessing the technical condition of the engine camshaft have been determined. How and how to measure and calculate this or that parameter is presented in detail. Methods for calculating the parameters are presented. A scheme and method for measuring neck wear, determining the height of the cam, determining the beating of the central journal of the camshaft are proposed. The main defects of the camshafts are presented. The issues of the influence of these parameters on the operability of the camshaft and the internal combustion engine as a whole are considered.

Possibility of using gas lubricant in the cylinders of internal combustion engines of transport vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Piston ◽  
Suspension Stiffness ◽  
Gas Layer

The prospects of using the gas-static suspension of the internal combustion engine piston in transport vehicles and power plants are considered. The diagram of the piston and the method for calculating the stiffness and bearing capacity of the gas layer surrounding the piston are presented, as well as the results of experiments that showed the relevance of this method. The possibility of gas and static centering of the engine piston is confirmed. Keywords: internal combustion engine, piston, gasstatic suspension, stiffness, bearing capacity, gas medium. [email protected]

Calculation of Acoustic Efficiency of Exhaust Silencers for Automotive Internal Combustion Engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Vladimir Tupov ◽  
O. Matasova
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Noise ◽  
Insertion Losses

Insertion losses as the main characteristic that mathematically describes the acoustic efficiency of a noise silencer has been considered. This characteristic shows the reduction of noise generated by its source, in particular by the internal combustion engine’s exhaust system, at the control point as a silencer use result. Has been presented a mathematical description of the insertion losses, and have been considered parameters necessary for calculating this characteristic. Has been demonstrated the analytical dependence of impedance for the sound emission by the exhaust system’s end hole from the coefficient of acoustic waves reflection by this hole. The performed analysis of the widely used formulas for calculating the coefficient of sound reflection by the end hole has showed their insufficient accuracy for project designs performing. Have been proposed calculation dependences providing high accuracy for calculations of the reflection coefficient modulus, and the attached length of the channel end hole without a flange in the entire range of the existence of plane waves in it. It has been shown that the end correction of this hole at ka = 0 is 0.6127, and not 0.6133, as it was mistakenly believed until now in world acoustics. Has been proposed a method for calculation the exhaust noise source internal impedance. This method more accurately, in comparison with the already known ones, describes the acoustic processes in the internal combustion engine’s exhaust manifold, thanks to increases the accuracy of calculation the silencer acoustic efficiency, that allows develop the silencer at the early stages of the design of an automotive internal combustion engine.

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