scholarly journals Histological Changes in the Lung and Liver of Mice Treated with Brake Pad Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0306
Author(s):  
Ghaidan Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Mitotic Figure ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In the present study, the effects of brake pad particles of lung and liver histological sections were evaluated for (60) adult male mice. The animals were divided into three groups ( A,B,C) according to the periods of exposure (4, 8, and 12) weeks respectively exposed to brake pad particles in addition to the control groups (F) exposed to fresh air only. A special inhalation chamber designed locally has been used to expose the animals. The exposure to brake pad particles was (2.228) µg/m³ for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for (4,8and12) weeks respectively. The examination in group (A) of the histological sections of the lung showed the thickness of interalveolar septa.  Also, a congestion of alveolar capillary was marked indicating pulmonary emphysema. The infiltration of alveolar macrophages showed the engulfed foreign particles (pad particles) within their cytoplasm, and peribronchial fibrosis. Group (B) showed the presence of pad particles (anthracosis), whereas the bronchial tree showed bronchitis with the bronchus-hyperplasia of mucin-producing cells (epithelial hyperplasia). Still another section showed an infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes and focal lobar necrosis. The third group (C), in turn, revealed acute interstitial bronchopneumonia with peribronchial focal necrosis and mild pulmonary edema with alveolar anthracosis. As regards the liver, group (A) showed mild central venous congestion. Group (B), on the other hand, gave acute hepatitis, congestion of the central vein hyaline degeneration and mitotic figure having 2-3 nuclei. Severe congestion of the central vein with vascular amyloid deposition and most of the hepatocytes revealed coagulate necrosis in group (C). These changing tissues increased with increasing the exposure periods and were clearer in group (C) which was exposed for 12 weeks. The continuous exposure to brake pad particles lead to damaging important body organs tissues and effect on human health, these particles can be considered as a type of pollutants added to air pollutants in different cities of Iraq.  

scholarly journals Histological Changes in the Lung and Liver of Mice Treated with Brake Pad Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0306
Author(s):  
Ghaidan Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Mitotic Figure ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In the present study, the effects of brake pad particles of lung and liver histological sections were evaluated for (60) adult male mice. The animals were divided into three groups ( A,B,C) according to the periods of exposure (4, 8, and 12) weeks respectively exposed to brake pad particles in addition to the control groups (F) exposed to fresh air only. A special inhalation chamber designed locally has been used to expose the animals. The exposure to brake pad particles was (2.228) µg/m³ for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for (4,8and12) weeks respectively. The examination in group (A) of the histological sections of the lung showed the thickness of interalveolar septa.  Also, a congestion of alveolar capillary was marked indicating pulmonary emphysema. The infiltration of alveolar macrophages showed the engulfed foreign particles (pad particles) within their cytoplasm, and peribronchial fibrosis. Group (B) showed the presence of pad particles (anthracosis), whereas the bronchial tree showed bronchitis with the bronchus-hyperplasia of mucin-producing cells (epithelial hyperplasia). Still another section showed an infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes and focal lobar necrosis. The third group (C), in turn, revealed acute interstitial bronchopneumonia with peribronchial focal necrosis and mild pulmonary edema with alveolar anthracosis. As regards the liver, group (A) showed mild central venous congestion. Group (B), on the other hand, gave acute hepatitis, congestion of the central vein hyaline degeneration and mitotic figure having 2-3 nuclei. Severe congestion of the central vein with vascular amyloid deposition and most of the hepatocytes revealed coagulate necrosis in group (C). These changing tissues increased with increasing the exposure periods and were clearer in group (C) which was exposed for 12 weeks. The continuous exposure to brake pad particles lead to damaging important body organs tissues and effect on human health, these particles can be considered as a type of pollutants added to air pollutants in different cities of Iraq.  

scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC CHANGES IN THE LIVER OF DEVELOPING RATS EXPOSED TO VALPRIOC ACID

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-688
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD KHAN ◽  
INAYAT ULLAH ◽  
NAIK ZADA ◽  
MARIYA HIDAYAT
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Control Group Group

BACKGROUND: Valproic Acid (VPA) is a broad - spectrum antiepileptic drug. Its use duringpregnancy has been associated with hapatotoxicity. This study was designed to assess the effects of VPAon the Microscopic structure of the Liver of developing rats exposed to the drug during varioustrimesters of pregnancy.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the histological changes in developing liver in rats exposed to valproic acidduring different fetal periods. To correlate the extent of liver injury during various developmentalperiods.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this Experimental Study pregnant rats were divided in to fourgroups A, B, C and D. Group D(n=10) was kept as control group. Group A (n=10) was given VPA in adose of 500 mg/kg/day intraperito-nealy (I/P) on days 3, 4, 5 of gestation. Group B (n=10) received thesame dose I/P on days 8, 9, 10 of gestation while Group C (n=10) received the same dose I/P on days16, 17, and 18 of gestation. On day 21 rats were euthanized and liver of the fetuses were dissected outfor examination.RESULTS: The central vein was significantly dilated in all the groups. Also, there was significantincrease in the size of hepatocytes in all the groups. Moreover, significant inflammation and congestionin portal areas and congestion in sinusoids were observed in all the experimental groups.CONCLUSION: VPA use during pregnancy produces hepatotoxicity in developing rats.KEY WORDS: Valproic Acid, Developing rats, Hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Histological Changes in Kidney and Spleen of Albino Mice Treated with Brake Pad Particles

2019 ◽  
pp. 2540-2549
Author(s):  
Nada Abdulrahman F. Al-Easawi ◽  
Hajer Qais Ghaidan ◽  
Shahad Mansour Salman
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Group A ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group B

In this study, the consequences of treatment with brake pad particles on kidney and spleen were evaluatedthrough microscopic anatomy sections for 60 male albino mice. The animals were divided into six groups, the first three groups (A,B,C)  were exposed to brake pad particles depending on periods of exposure (4, 8, and 12weeks, respectively), while the other three groups were control groups,designated asF, which were exposed to laboratory fresh air only. A special locally-designed inhalation chamber was used to expose the animals. The exposure dose to brake pad particles (total suspended particles) was 2.228 µg/m³ for 30 min/day, 5 days/week,4, 8 and 12 weeks.The statistical analysis showed that the weights of organs for both kidney and spleen of treated mice had highly significant differences (P< 0.01) compared with control groups.The histological sections examination of the kidney, when compared with the control group, showed subcapsular tubular vascular degeneration and mild cortical focal hemorrhage in group A that was exposedto brake pads particlesfor 4 weeks. In group B, the exposure for 8 weeks resulted in cortical vascular degeneration, cortico-medullary vascular congestion, focal interstitial nephritis, and thickening of interstitial tissue.Other effects included marked dilation of collecting ducts with tubular vascular degeneration, necrosis, glomerular degeneration and deterioration, and cast formation. Group C, exposed for 12 weeks , showed similar changes of the kidney to those of group B. As related to spleen sections,they demonstrated mild subcapsular vascular degeneration of lymphocytes in group A,while the exposure in group Bresulted in moderate amyloid deposits with hemosiderosis, along withmild subcapsular vascular degeneration of lymphocyteswithin the red pulp. In group C, which was treated for 12 months, severe splenomegaly with advanced secondary splenic amyloidosis was also observed within the red pulp.It was characterized by marked deposited acellular and amorphous pinkish homogenous material within red pulp.The continuous exposure to brake pad particles causes harmful effectson the tissues ofessential body organs in human health.These particles should be thought-about as a sort of additional air pollutants in several cities of Iraqin the future.   

scholarly journals Protective effects of Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) on Methotrexate induced morphological changes in the liver of albino mice.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2246-2249
Author(s):  
Farah Deeba ◽  
Nazish Waheed ◽  
Qazi Waheed ◽  
Shazia Iftikhar ◽  
Zainab Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Group D

Background. Drugs induced liver injury is a major health problem.1 Methotrexate which is antagonist of folic acid is used to treat different types of neoplasms, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.2 The therapeutic applications of Methotrexate is usually limited by its severe Hepatotoxicity. Herbs play important role for the treatment of various liver diseases.3 Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L, zingiberaceae) is used to treat cancer, inflammatory disorders, hepatitis and other liver disorders, skin diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis.4 Study Design: Laboratory based randomized controlled trial. Setting: Animal House of IBMS (Institute of Basic Medical Science), by the permission of Ethical Committee of (KMU) Khyber Medical University Hayatabad Peshawar. Period: March to September 2018. Material & Methods. 28 adult male albino mice were divided into control Group A and experimental Groups B,C and D. Group B was given Turmeric extract per oral (400mg /kg) daily for 14 days.  Group C was given Injection Methotrexate (40mg/kg) intraperitoneally (I.P) on day 7. Group D was given Turmeric extract per oral (400mg /kg) daily for 7 days as pre administration to injection Methotrexate and on day 7 injection Methotrexate (40mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally (I.P) and Turmeric extract per oral (400mg/kg) was given daily for further 7 days as post administration to injection Methotrexate. Histological slides were prepared to see the effects of Turmeric plus Methotrexate on diameter of central vein and congestion in central vein. Results: The histological examination of liver sections of control group. A showed normal appearance of central vein. In Turmeric treated group (Group B) also no obvious histological changes were observed. Examination of liver tissue of Group C (Methotrexate group) showed severe histological changes which include dilation and congestion of central vein. Group D (Methotrexate + Turmeric group) showed significant reduction in dilation and congestion of central vein. Conclusion: This study is in accordance with other studies in which different types of herbals showed protective effects on Methotrexate induced liver damage.

scholarly journals Collagen, fibrinogen and thrombin biological addesive is effective in treating experimental liver injuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
FREDERICO MICHELINO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
MARCUS VINÍCIUS H. DE CARVALHO ◽  
EVALDO MARCHI ◽  
CLÓVIS ANTÔNIO LOPES PINTO
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Absorbable Suture ◽  
Adhesive Material ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Experimental Liver

ABSTRACT Objective : to evaluate the effectiveness of a collagen-based adhesive associated with fibrinogen and thrombin in experimental liver injury in rats. Methods : the study included 30 Wistar rats randomly divided into three groups: A, B and C. All underwent standard liver traumatic injury. In group A the lesion was treated with the adhesive; in group B, with conventional absorbable suture; and in group C, there was no treatment. We analyzed the time of hemostasis, mortality, occurrence of adhesions and any histological changes. Results : there was no statistical difference in relation to mortality (p = 0.5820). The group treated with the adhesive showed the lowest hemostasis times (p = 0.0573, odds ratio 13.5) and lower incidence of adhesions (p = 0.0119). Microscopic histological alterations of Groups A and B were similar, with foreign body granuloma formation separating the adhesive material or the suture from the hepatic stroma. Conclusion : the adhesive of collagen associated with fibrinogen and thrombin was effective in the treatment of experimental hepatic injury, providing a lower incidence of adhesions between the liver and surrounding structures.

scholarly journals Comparing 1st Pass Success Rate and Number of Attempts for Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation by USG Guided Approach: Short Axis versus Long Axis Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-203
Author(s):  
Shallu Chaudhary ◽  
Ravikant Dogra ◽  
Ramesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation ◽  
Vein Cannulation ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Axis Versus

The study was carried out in 80 patients admitted in ICU and OT at IGMC Shimla. Patients were divided into 2 groups:- group A (short axis) and group B(long axis) of 40 patients each. Internal jugular vein cannulation was done under USG guidance using the two techniques. We were successfully able to cannulate all the patients. We obtained vascular access with higher first pass success and less number of needle passes using short axis approach compared to long axis. Keywords: internal jugular vein cannulation, USG guided approach, short axis versus long axis technique, Central vein catheterization

scholarly journals Histological Assessment on Cadmium Induced Liver Damage Following Oral Administration of Moringa oleifera Oil and Anarcardium occidentale Nuts Oil in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. D. Omotoso ◽  
S. A. Adelakun ◽  
O. O. Oyewo ◽  
B. T. Adediran
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Group A ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Oil ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background: Cadmium is a human carcinogen element and one of the most toxic pollutants in the environment. Present study aims at histomorphological study of some of the effects of Moringa oleifera oil and cashew (Anarcardium occidentale) nuts oil on Cadmium-induced liver damage in wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five Wistar rats (80-180 g) were randomly selected and divided into seven groups of five rats each after acclimatization for two weeks. Group A which served as control received phosphate buffer, Group B received Cadmium only (3.5 mg/kg body weight). Group C received Vitamin C and Vitamin E; Group D received Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Cadmium. Group E received Cadmium and Moringa oleifera oil, Group F received Cadmium and Cashew nut oil and Group G received Cadmium (3.5 mg/kg body weight) and Moringa oleifera oil and Cashew (Anarcardium occidentale) nut oil. Results: Histological examination revealed normal histo-architecture of the liver, the central vein and the hepatocytes were seen clearly and there was orderly arrangement of the hepatocytes in Group A (control group). In group B, there was enlarged portal vein and there was distorted arrangement of the hepatocytes. In group C, the hepatocytes and the central vein were seen. In group D, the central vein and hepatocytes were seen though not orderly arranged. In groups E, F and G, there was restoration of the hepatocytes and the central vein was seen. Conclusion: This therefore suggests that Moringa oleifera oil and Cashew (Anarcardium occidentale) nut oil have ameliorative effects which led to the restoration of the damaged and distorted hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Histological Changes in Proximal and Distal Convoluted Tubules of Kidney of Albino Rats after Exposure to Mosquito Coil Smoke Inhalation

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4 (oct 2020 - dec 2020)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Siddique ◽  
Masooma Ahmed ◽  
Maria Ilyas ◽  
Rukhsana Jabeen ◽  
Abdul Hannan Jawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the mosquito coil smoke (MCS) inhalation on histology of proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney in Wistar Albino rats. Methods: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of PGMI, Lahore. 24 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each containing eight animals. Group A was control; Group B and C were experimental groups and were exposed to mosquito coil smoke inhalation for 8 hours/day for two and four weeks respectively. Kidney tissue of albino rats was dissected, examined and analyzed histologically. Results: The results of MCS inhalation in histological sections of group B and C showed marked cellular necrosis and vacuolization in PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) of the kidney as compared to the group A. protein cast was absent in PCT of all groups. DCT (distal convoluted tubules) in group B and C showed marked necrosis, vacuolization and protein cast. Necrosis was more marked in group C treated with mosquito coil smoke for 4 weeks. Conclusion: The results indicate that pyrethroids in mosquito coil smoke though considered least toxic pesticides, are very harmful. Exposure of pyrethroids can induce adverse changes in tubules of kidney. Key Words: MCS Mosquito Coil Smoke, Pyrethroids, PCT Proximal convoluted tubules, DCT Distal convoluted tubules. How to Cite: Siddique N, Ahmed M, Ilyas M, Jabeen R, Jawad A.H, Iqbal Z. histological changes in proximal and distal convoluted tubules of kidney of albino rats after exposure to mosquito coil smoke inhalation. Esculapio.2020;16(04):87-91.

scholarly journals ASCORBIC ACID

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Iram Tassaduq ◽  
Saadia Rashid ◽  
Sunya Amber ◽  
Zarmina Saga ◽  
Samina Anjum Jaffri
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Group B ◽  
Animal House

Objective: Rifampicin continues to be an effective drug for treatment oftuberculosis. A variety of drug reactions have been reported of which hepatotoxicity is wellknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid as dietarysupplementation in case of Rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity. Data source: Animal house NIH(National Institute of Health). Study design: Randomized control trial. Materials and Methods:Thirty adult BALB/c mice weighing 30-60 grams were taken. They were kept under standardlaboratory conditions. Mice were randomized and divided into three groups A, B and C eachcontaining 10 mice. Group A was given Rifampicin 100 mg/kg body weight, group B wasadministered Rifampicin 100 mg/kg body weight along with ascorbic acid 500 mg/kg bodyweight orally and group C was given regular NIH lab diet for six weeks. Result: Liver specimens ofanimals given rifampicin showed formation of necrotic foci. Simultaneous administration ofascorbic acid significantly reduced histological changes induced by Rifampicin. Conclusions:Ascorbic acid has protective role against hepatotoxic effect of Rifampicin used in chemotherapyof tuberculosis in animal models.

scholarly journals Aqueous extract of bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Asterales: Asteraceae) ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi Ajayi ◽  
Titilayo Ige ◽  
Nich Arawa Ude ◽  
Olusegun Dare Omotoso ◽  
Gbenga Olorunshola Alege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Prostate Enlargement ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-dependent condition involving prostate enlargement which may lead to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This study was designed to study the ameliorative effect of the aqueous extract of bitter leaf Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Asterales: Asteraceae) on testosterone-induced BPH in a rat model. Thirty adult male Wister rats were randomly divided into six groups (A to F), with BPH induced through a single subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg of testosterone propionate (TP) and Vernonia amygdalina administered in various doses through oral gavage for 14 days. Group A (control) was administered with distilled water only, group B with 5 mg/kg of TP only, group C with 5 g/mL of V. amygdalina only, group D with 5 mg/kg of TP and 5 g/mL of V. amygdalina, group E with 5 mg/kg of TP and 7.5 g/mL of V. amygdalina and group F with 5 mg/kg of TP and 10 g/ml of V. amygdalina. Results show that testosterone caused histological changes that are similar to the presentation of BPH in the prostate. Aqueous extract of V. amygdalina was observed to ameliorate testosterone-induced histological changes and prostatic parameters especially at higher concentration. This suggests that bitter leaf could be a candidate herb for the treatment of BPH.

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