scholarly journals Protective effects of Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) on Methotrexate induced morphological changes in the liver of albino mice.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2246-2249
Author(s):  
Farah Deeba ◽  
Nazish Waheed ◽  
Qazi Waheed ◽  
Shazia Iftikhar ◽  
Zainab Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Group D

Background. Drugs induced liver injury is a major health problem.1 Methotrexate which is antagonist of folic acid is used to treat different types of neoplasms, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.2 The therapeutic applications of Methotrexate is usually limited by its severe Hepatotoxicity. Herbs play important role for the treatment of various liver diseases.3 Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L, zingiberaceae) is used to treat cancer, inflammatory disorders, hepatitis and other liver disorders, skin diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis.4 Study Design: Laboratory based randomized controlled trial. Setting: Animal House of IBMS (Institute of Basic Medical Science), by the permission of Ethical Committee of (KMU) Khyber Medical University Hayatabad Peshawar. Period: March to September 2018. Material & Methods. 28 adult male albino mice were divided into control Group A and experimental Groups B,C and D. Group B was given Turmeric extract per oral (400mg /kg) daily for 14 days.  Group C was given Injection Methotrexate (40mg/kg) intraperitoneally (I.P) on day 7. Group D was given Turmeric extract per oral (400mg /kg) daily for 7 days as pre administration to injection Methotrexate and on day 7 injection Methotrexate (40mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally (I.P) and Turmeric extract per oral (400mg/kg) was given daily for further 7 days as post administration to injection Methotrexate. Histological slides were prepared to see the effects of Turmeric plus Methotrexate on diameter of central vein and congestion in central vein. Results: The histological examination of liver sections of control group. A showed normal appearance of central vein. In Turmeric treated group (Group B) also no obvious histological changes were observed. Examination of liver tissue of Group C (Methotrexate group) showed severe histological changes which include dilation and congestion of central vein. Group D (Methotrexate + Turmeric group) showed significant reduction in dilation and congestion of central vein. Conclusion: This study is in accordance with other studies in which different types of herbals showed protective effects on Methotrexate induced liver damage.

scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC CHANGES IN THE LIVER OF DEVELOPING RATS EXPOSED TO VALPRIOC ACID

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-688
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD KHAN ◽  
INAYAT ULLAH ◽  
NAIK ZADA ◽  
MARIYA HIDAYAT
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Control Group Group

BACKGROUND: Valproic Acid (VPA) is a broad - spectrum antiepileptic drug. Its use duringpregnancy has been associated with hapatotoxicity. This study was designed to assess the effects of VPAon the Microscopic structure of the Liver of developing rats exposed to the drug during varioustrimesters of pregnancy.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the histological changes in developing liver in rats exposed to valproic acidduring different fetal periods. To correlate the extent of liver injury during various developmentalperiods.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this Experimental Study pregnant rats were divided in to fourgroups A, B, C and D. Group D(n=10) was kept as control group. Group A (n=10) was given VPA in adose of 500 mg/kg/day intraperito-nealy (I/P) on days 3, 4, 5 of gestation. Group B (n=10) received thesame dose I/P on days 8, 9, 10 of gestation while Group C (n=10) received the same dose I/P on days16, 17, and 18 of gestation. On day 21 rats were euthanized and liver of the fetuses were dissected outfor examination.RESULTS: The central vein was significantly dilated in all the groups. Also, there was significantincrease in the size of hepatocytes in all the groups. Moreover, significant inflammation and congestionin portal areas and congestion in sinusoids were observed in all the experimental groups.CONCLUSION: VPA use during pregnancy produces hepatotoxicity in developing rats.KEY WORDS: Valproic Acid, Developing rats, Hepatotoxicity.

Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde ◽  
Halimot Olawalarami Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objectives This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (l-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. Methods Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C–F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), l-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and l-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. Results DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and l-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although l-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. Conclusions The data from this study suggest that Gly or l-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.

Silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid ameliorate lead-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Alcaraz-Contreras ◽  
RP Mendoza-Lozano ◽  
ER Martínez-Alcaraz ◽  
M Martínez-Alfaro ◽  
MA Gallegos-Corona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

We studied the effect of silymarin and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a chelating agent that was administered individually or in combination against lead (Pb) toxicity in rats. Wistar rats (200 ± 20) were randomly divided into five groups. Group A served as a control. Groups B–E were exposed to 2000 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water for 8 weeks. Group B served as a positive control. Group C received silymarin (100 mg kg−1 orally) for 8 weeks. Group D received DMSA (75 mg kg−1 orally) once daily for the last 5 days of treatment. Group E received DMSA and silymarin as groups C and D, respectively. The effect of Pb was evaluated and accordingly the treatments on blood lead levels (BLLs), renal system, and genotoxic effects were calculated using comet assay. The BLLs were significantly increased following the exposition of lead acetate. The administration of silymarin and DMSA provided reduction in BLLs. Silymarin and DMSA provided significant protection on the genotoxic effect of Pb. The toxic effect of Pb on kidneys was also studied. Our data suggest that silymarin and DMSA improve the renal histopathological lesions.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme ◽  
Demian Nnabuihe Ezejindu ◽  
Darlington Cyprian Akukwu ◽  
Amadi Chibundu Chiekezie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Group D

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

scholarly journals Histological Changes in the Lung and Liver of Mice Treated with Brake Pad Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0306
Author(s):  
Ghaidan Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Mitotic Figure ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In the present study, the effects of brake pad particles of lung and liver histological sections were evaluated for (60) adult male mice. The animals were divided into three groups ( A,B,C) according to the periods of exposure (4, 8, and 12) weeks respectively exposed to brake pad particles in addition to the control groups (F) exposed to fresh air only. A special inhalation chamber designed locally has been used to expose the animals. The exposure to brake pad particles was (2.228) µg/m³ for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for (4,8and12) weeks respectively. The examination in group (A) of the histological sections of the lung showed the thickness of interalveolar septa.  Also, a congestion of alveolar capillary was marked indicating pulmonary emphysema. The infiltration of alveolar macrophages showed the engulfed foreign particles (pad particles) within their cytoplasm, and peribronchial fibrosis. Group (B) showed the presence of pad particles (anthracosis), whereas the bronchial tree showed bronchitis with the bronchus-hyperplasia of mucin-producing cells (epithelial hyperplasia). Still another section showed an infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes and focal lobar necrosis. The third group (C), in turn, revealed acute interstitial bronchopneumonia with peribronchial focal necrosis and mild pulmonary edema with alveolar anthracosis. As regards the liver, group (A) showed mild central venous congestion. Group (B), on the other hand, gave acute hepatitis, congestion of the central vein hyaline degeneration and mitotic figure having 2-3 nuclei. Severe congestion of the central vein with vascular amyloid deposition and most of the hepatocytes revealed coagulate necrosis in group (C). These changing tissues increased with increasing the exposure periods and were clearer in group (C) which was exposed for 12 weeks. The continuous exposure to brake pad particles lead to damaging important body organs tissues and effect on human health, these particles can be considered as a type of pollutants added to air pollutants in different cities of Iraq.  

scholarly journals Protective effect of LIF-huMSCs on the retina of diabetic model rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1508-1517
Author(s):  
Shan-Na Chen ◽  
◽  
Ying-Xue Ma ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Guang-Hui He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Group A ◽  
Retinal Structure ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Function ◽  
Group D ◽  
Control Group Group

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) modified by the LIF gene on the retinal function of diabetic model rats and preliminarily explore the possible mechanism. METHODS: A stably transfected cell line of hUCMSCs overexpressing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was constructed. Overexpression was verified by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (group A), streptozotocin-induced diabetic control group (group B), diabetic rats at 3mo injected with empty vector-transfected hUCMSCs (group C) or injected with LIF-hUCMSCs (group D). Four weeks after the intravitreal injection, analyses in all groups included retinal function using flash electroretinogram (F-ERG), retinal blood vessel examination of retinal flat mounts perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran), and retinal structure examination of sections using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression levels of adiponectin (APN), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in each group was detected using immunohistochemistry, PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: A stable transgenic cell line of LIF-hUCMSCs was constructed. F-ERG and FITC-dextran examinations revealed no abnormalities of retinal structure and function in group A, severe damage of the retinal blood vessels and function in group B, and improved retinal structure and function in group C and especially group D. qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses revealed progressively higher APN and NT-4 expression levels in groups B, C, and D than in group A. hs-CRP expression was significantly higher in group B than in groups A, C, and D, and was significantly higher in group C than in group D (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LIF-hUCMSCs protect the retina of diabetic rats by upregulating APN and NT-4 expression and downregulating hs-CRP expression in the retina.

The Effect of Gongronema Latifolum (Utazi) on Some Haematological Parameters of Rabbit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Group D ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

The hematological features of Gongronema latifolium, aqueous leaves extract was evaluated using standard methods. After 10 days of consecutive infusions into 9 experimental animals (rabbits). The rabbits were monitored and the following parameters determined; hemoglobin (HB), PCV, Platelet, WBC, Differential White Blood Cell. The Rabbits were grouped into 4, one consisting of control (group A), group B was fed with 0.5 mg/kg, group C with 1.0 mg/kg, and Group D with 1.5mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Gongronemalatifolium. The mean values obtained for hemoglobin estimation for the control group is 5.9 ± 4.1 g/dl, 9.1 ± 2.9 g/dl for group B 10.2 ± 1.8 g/dl for group C and 12.8 ± 0.1 g/dl for group D with no significant increase on the PCV estimation, the mean value for the control (group A) is 17.7 ± 12.3%, 27.3 ± 8.7% for group B, group C (30.6 ± 5.4%) and D (28.4 ± 0.3) show increase that statistically significant (p > 0.01). the platelet counts of group C (600 ± 0 x 109/L) and D(600 ± 0 x 109/L) show significant increase (p > 0.01) when compared with the control (600 ± 00). But the platelet value of group B (550 ± 50 x 109/L) shows no difference. No significant changes were observed in the White Blood Counts of the test groups B (3.5 ± 0.5 x 109/L), C (1.9 + 2.1 x 109/L) and D(3.6 ± 0.4) when compared with the control group (2.9 ± 1.9). The values obtained from the differential White Blood Counts (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes) were not significant. Therefore, Gongronemalatifolium, when properly taken as a nutritional diet, causes beneficial changes on hemoglobin, packed cell volumes and platelet counts of consumers.

scholarly journals Effect of intranasal recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccination on some haematological indices of goats infected with peste des petits ruminants virus

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
OZ Tenuche ◽  
BO Emikpe
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Ppr Virus ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

There is dearth of information on the haematological changes associated with Mannheimia haemolytica vaccination in goats, hence this report which describes some haematological changes observed following vaccination with intranasal Recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine in goats naturally infected with peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus. Twenty one (male, n=11; and female, n=10) goats were assigned to three vaccinated groups (A, B and D) with five goats per group (male: 3, female: 2), while the control group had 6 goats. Group A was vaccinated once intranasally, group B was vaccinated intranasally twice at one week interval and group D was vaccinated intranasally twice at two weeks interval . The control group (C) was not vaccinated. The vaccinated and control groups were challenged by comingling with pneumonic goats to simulate the field experience. PPR virus infection was later diagnosed in all the groups post vaccination. An average of four animals per treatment group in post-vaccination days were bled once weekly for six weeks (every week) to evaluate some haematological changes. The PCV values were within the normal range, while there was a decline in lymphocyte count at week 5, and a steady increase in neutrophil count in group A. In Group B, there was similar decline in lymphocyte count from the sixth week, while in groups C (Control) and D, the lymphocyte count declined at the 7th week, as the neutrophil counts increased. There were no significant changes in monocyte and eosinophil counts. The degree of changes in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts was mild in group B and marked in group D. This study revealed that intranasal vaccination of recombinant Mannheimia  haemolytica vaccine in the presence of PPR virus outbreak results in mild hematological derangement when the goats were vaccinated with  Mannheimia haemolytica bacterin at a week interval.Keywords: Goats, Haematology, Intranasal Recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica, Peste des Petits Ruminants, Vaccination

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extract of Basella alba L. leaves on Blood Cell Count in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Farhana Sabrin ◽  
AF Mohammed Shafiqul Alam ◽  
Muhammad Rashedul Islam ◽  
Md Elias Al Mamun ◽  
Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The effect of aqueous extract of Basella alba (puishak) leaves on blood cell count of rats was studied. Forty rats of both sexes weighing between 100-150 gm were used. The rats were divided into four groups (7 rats in each group), with group A as the control group and experimental groups were denoted as B, C and D. With all aseptic precautions, aqueous extract of Basella alba (Puishak) leaves was administered into the three different doses (For group B: 60 mg/kg bw, group C: 80 mg/kg bw and group D: 100 mg/kg bw). Control group A also received distilled water as a placebo at the dose of 10 mg/kg bw for 14 days. At day 15, blood samples were collected and sent for haematological analysis. Data analysis of blood count profile of 28 rats revealed that there is an increased number of RBC, WBC and platelet count in experimental groups than in control group. ANOVA test revealed that increased blood cell counts following administration of aqueous leaves extract of keeves of B. alba were statistically significant (p value for each case was .0001<.05) than control group. Paired samples t test was performed to compare between baseline hematological parameters and parameters after 14 days of intervention. Then comparison between Group A & Group B, between Group A & Group C and between Group A & Group D were done. In all cases, probability (p) value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.This it is clearly evident that aqueous extract of B.alba has positive stimulant effect on blood cells count of rats. Moreover, it was found that increment of doses also increases the cell count that is positively correlated with the hypothesis. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 73-78, 2019

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF FERROUS SULFATE ON ENAMEL DEMINERALIZATION OF HUMAN DECIDUOUS TEETH: AN IN VITRO STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Johnny Holanda De Gauw ◽  
Lara Maria Melo Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Neves Silva ◽  
Natanael Barbosa Santos ◽  
Maria Dânia Holanda Tenorio
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ferrous sulfate (FS) on demineralized and non-demineralized human deciduous teeth. Additionally, it was evaluated the penetration extent of FS and its remineralizing effect on the enamel of deciduous teeth using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM). Method: The sample comprised 44 human deciduous teeth. The 44 crowns were divided randomly into four groups: group A (FS after demineralization), group B (FS without demineralization), group C (only demineralization), and group D (control group). FS at 0.45 mol/L-1 was used daily (15 days) and demineralization was done by pH cycling (7 days). Then, three longitudinal slices of the crowns were photographed using PLM. The degree of penetration of the lesion or stain was measured in micrometers, as well as the distance between the external enamel surface and the core of lesion. Results: Group A showed a dark stain on the outer surface of enamel larger than the group B. It is suggested, a remineralizing effect when comparing groups, A and C. The mean depth and standard deviation for groups A, B, and C were 4.27µm (±1.49), 3.72 µm (±1.68) and 5.00 µm (±1.84), respectively. No dark stains were observed in group D. Conclusion: FS stained the demineralized and non-demineralized human deciduous teeth. However, dark stains in the non-demineralized teeth were smaller or absent, than in the demineralized teeth. Therefore, FS may have a protective effect against demineralization.

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