Joint Inversion of Magnetotelluric Impedance and Tipper Data in 3D Axial Anisotropic Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Wei Luo ◽  
Kunpeng Wang ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
Changsheng Duan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anisotropic Model ◽  
Anisotropic Conductivity ◽  
Anisotropic Property ◽  
Limited Memory ◽  
Impedance Data ◽  
Conductivity Parameter ◽  
Better Than

Magnetotelluric (MT) impedance and tipper data can be utilized to reflect underground structural information. However, when the axial anisotropic property of an abnormal body is marked, it will seriously influence MT measuring data. This study divides the MT field into primary and secondary components and replaces the conductivity parameter in a three-dimensional (3D) governing equation with axial anisotropic conductivity. Analysis of the influence of axial anisotropy on MT tipper data is presented, and a limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno method is then utilized to realize a 3D MT axial anisotropic inversion with impedance and tipper data. The tests presented in this paper show that the resolution of the inverting axial anisotropic model with impedance and tipper data is better than that of only using impedance data.

Two-Dimensional Crystallization of Tetanus Toxin

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
Jeffry A. Reidler ◽  
John P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Membrane Interface ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Computer Reconstruction ◽  
2D Crystals

We have prepared two-dimensional (2D) crystals of tetanus toxin using procedures developed by Uzgiris and Kornberg for the directed production of 2D crystals of monoclonal antibodies at an antigen-phospholipid monolayer interface. The tetanus toxin crystals were formed using a small mole fraction of the natural receptor, GT1, incorporated into phosphatidyl choline monolayers. The crystals formed at low concentration overnight. Two dimensional crystals of this type are particularly useful for structure determination using electron microscopy and computer image refinement. Three dimensional (3D) structural information can be derived from these crystals by computer reconstruction of photographs of toxin crystals taken at different tilt angles. Such 3D reconstructions may help elucidate the mechanism of entry of the enzymatic subunit of toxins into cells, particularly since these crystals form directly on a membrane interface at similar concentrations of ganglioside GT1 to the natural cellular receptors.

EMCAT: An automatic image-processing system for electron-microscopic tomography

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Weiping Liu ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
David A. Agard
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Automatic Image Processing ◽  
Em Tomography

Any real world object is three-dimensional. The principle of tomography, which reconstructs the 3-D structure of an object from its 2-D projections of different view angles has found application in many disciplines. Electron Microscopic (EM) tomography on non-ordered structures (e.g., subcellular structures in biology and non-crystalline structures in material science) has been exercised sporadically in the last twenty years or so. As vital as is the 3-D structural information and with no existing alternative 3-D imaging technique to compete in its high resolution range, the technique to date remains the kingdom of a brave few. Its tedious tasks have been preventing it from being a routine tool. One keyword in promoting its popularity is automation: The data collection has been automated in our lab, which can routinely yield a data set of over 100 projections in the matter of a few hours. Now the image processing part is also automated. Such automations finish the job easier, faster and better.

Exploring the Multidimensional Facets of Authoritarianism: Authoritarian Aggression and Social Dominance Orientation

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Passini
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.

A Three-Dimensional Tetraphenylethylene-Based Fluorescence Covalent Organic Framework for Molecular Recognition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Ren ◽  
Yaozu Liu ◽  
Xin Zhu ◽  
Yangyang Pan ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Recognition ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Covalent Organic Framework ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Organic Framework

<p><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a>The development of highly-sensitive recognition of </a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a>hazardous </a>chemicals, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is of significant importance because of their widespread social concerns related to environment and human health. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic framework (COF, termed JUC-555) bearing tetraphenylethylene (TPE) side chains as an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescence probe for sensitive molecular recognition.<a></a><a> </a>Due to the rotational restriction of TPE rotors in highly interpenetrated framework after inclusion of dimethylformamide (DMF), JUC-555 shows impressive AIE-based strong fluorescence. Meanwhile, owing to the large pore size (11.4 Å) and suitable intermolecular distance of aligned TPE (7.2 Å) in JUC-555, the obtained material demonstrates an excellent performance in the molecular recognition of hazardous chemicals, e.g., nitroaromatic explosives, PAHs, and even thiophene compounds, via a fluorescent quenching mechanism. The quenching constant (<i>K</i><sub>SV</sub>) is two orders of magnitude better than those of other fluorescence-based porous materials reported to date. This research thus opens 3D functionalized COFs as a promising identification tool for environmentally hazardous substances.</p>

Pushing the Envelope

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eaton E. Lattman ◽  
Thomas D. Grant ◽  
Edward H. Snell
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Hydration Shell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Saxs Data ◽  
Electron Density Function ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
Iterative Structure

Direct electron density determination from SAXS data opens up new opportunities. The ability to model density at high resolution and the implicit direct estimation of solvent terms such as the hydration shell may enable high-resolution wide angle scattering data to be used to calculate density when combined with additional structural information. Other diffraction methods that do not measure three-dimensional intensities, such as fiber diffraction, may also be able to take advantage of iterative structure factor retrieval. While the ability to reconstruct electron density ab initio is a major breakthrough in the field of solution scattering, the potential of the technique has yet to be fully uncovered. Additional structural information from techniques such as crystallography, NMR, and electron microscopy and density modification procedures can now be integrated to perform advanced modeling of the electron density function at high resolution, pushing the boundaries of solution scattering further than ever before.

scholarly journals Do 3D Face Images Capture Cues of Strength, Weight, and Height Better than 2D Face Images do?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Iris J Holzleitner ◽  
Alex L Jones ◽  
Kieran J O’Shea ◽  
Rachel Cassar ◽  
Vanessa Fasolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
3D Images ◽  
3D Face ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Similar Accuracy ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
2D Images ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objectives A large literature exists investigating the extent to which physical characteristics (e.g., strength, weight, and height) can be accurately assessed from face images. While most of these studies have employed two-dimensional (2D) face images as stimuli, some recent studies have used three-dimensional (3D) face images because they may contain cues not visible in 2D face images. As equipment required for 3D face images is considerably more expensive than that required for 2D face images, we here investigated how perceptual ratings of physical characteristics from 2D and 3D face images compare. Methods We tested whether 3D face images capture cues of strength, weight, and height better than 2D face images do by directly comparing the accuracy of strength, weight, and height ratings of 182 2D and 3D face images taken simultaneously. Strength, height and weight were rated by 66, 59 and 52 raters respectively, who viewed both 2D and 3D images. Results In line with previous studies, we found that weight and height can be judged somewhat accurately from faces; contrary to previous research, we found that people were relatively inaccurate at assessing strength. We found no evidence that physical characteristics could be judged more accurately from 3D than 2D images. Conclusion Our results suggest physical characteristics are perceived with similar accuracy from 2D and 3D face images. They also suggest that the substantial costs associated with collecting 3D face scans may not be justified for research on the accuracy of facial judgments of physical characteristics.

scholarly journals Investigations of polyethylene of raised temperature resistance service performance using autoclave test under sour medium conditions

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Guoquan Qi ◽  
Hongxia Yan ◽  
Dongtao Qi ◽  
Houbu Li ◽  
Lushi Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Degree Of Branching ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Gas Medium ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The chapter deals with the performance evaluation of the polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT) and polyethylene (PE) using autoclave test under sour oil and gas medium conditions. The analyses of performance changes showed that PE-RT has good media resistance at 60°C. As the temperature increases, its mechanical properties decrease, accompanied by an increase in weight. Comparative analyses showed that no matter what temperature conditions are, PE-RT media resistance is better than PE80. The better media resistance of PE-RT depends on its higher degree of branching. Short branches are distributed between the crystals to form a connection between the crystals, thereby improving its heat resistance and stress under high-temperature conditions. PE-RT forms an excellent three-dimensional network structure through copolymerization, ensuring that it has better media resistance than PE80. However, the mechanical performance will be attenuated due to the high service temperature.

scholarly journals Fish bone-derived interconnected carbon nanofibers for efficient and lightweight microwave absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Gu ◽  
Peng Dai ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Zhanwen Su
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Microwave Absorption Properties ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Microwave Absorption Performance ◽  
Better Than

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrated a simple method for preparing three-dimensional interconnected carbon nanofibers (ICNF) derived from fish bone as an efficient and lightweight microwave absorber. The as-obtained ICNF exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance with a maximum reflection loss of –59.2 dB at the filler content of 15 wt%. In addition, the effective absorption bandwidth can reach 4.96 GHz at the thickness of 2 mm. The outstanding microwave absorption properties can be mainly ascribed to its well-defined interconnected nanofibers architecture and the doping of nitrogen atoms, which are also better than most of the reported carbon-based absorbents. This work paves an attractive way for the design and fabrication of highly efficient and lightweight electromagnetic wave absorbers.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Covering-Based Three-Way Clustering

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dandan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Entropy Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Similarity ◽  
Fuzzy Similarity Relation ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Better Than

This paper investigates the three-way clustering involving fuzzy covering, thresholds acquisition, and boundary region processing. First of all, a valid fuzzy covering of the universe is constructed on the basis of an appropriate fuzzy similarity relation, which helps capture the structural information and the internal connections of the dataset from the global perspective. Due to the advantages of valid fuzzy covering, we explore the valid fuzzy covering instead of the raw dataset for RFCM algorithm-based three-way clustering. Subsequently, from the perspective of semantic interpretation of balancing the uncertainty changes in fuzzy sets, a method of partition thresholds acquisition combining linear and nonlinear fuzzy entropy theory is proposed. Furthermore, boundary regions in three-way clustering correspond to the abstaining decisions and generate uncertain rules. In order to improve the classification accuracy, the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm is utilized to reduce the objects in the boundary regions. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed three-way clustering based on fuzzy covering and kNN-FRFCM algorithm is better than the compared algorithms in most cases.

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