Effective monitoring of trihalomethanes in water supply systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
(Sathaa) Arumugam Sathasivan ◽  
George Kastl ◽  
Ian Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Supply Systems

To ensure public health safety, water supplied to consumers should meet both microbiological and disinfection by-product (DBP) requirements. Water utilities are ensuring microbiological safety of water, but there is considerable variation in monitoring and reporting trihalomethane (THM) levels across Australia, for the obvious reasons of cost and lack of resources and skills to monitor total THMs (TTHMs). Such practices lead to neglecting the long-term health risks from DBPs, which are often exacerbated by overdosing chlorine.

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency Current Status Assessment in the Context of WATenERgy CYCLE Project

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽  
Anastasia Papadopoulou ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽  
Konstantinos Gonelas
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
National Level ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Supply Systems

Water use efficiency is a crucial issue in drinking water utilities as it is connected to environmental and economic consequences. WATenERgy CYCLE project aims at developing a methodological approach towards efficient and effective transnational water and energy resources management in the Balkan–Mediterranean area. The paper presents the results of performance evaluation of the water supply systems of the water utilities involved in the project, both at local and national level. The methodology used in the water balance and performance indicators as well as data on the operational status of the water supply systems. The results showed that Non-Revenue Water is one of the major problems addressed.

Comparative analysis of water–pipe network deterioration–case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kutyłowska ◽  
Maria Orłowska-Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Supply Systems

The paper presents a comparative analysis of water-supply network deterioration in three Polish cities. The comparison was made on the basis of operating data (from the period 2007 to 2012) received from water utilities. The comparison is necessary to determine whether and to what extent water utilities should improve the technical condition of their water-supply networks. On average in cities A, B and C, failure rates λ (fail km−1 a−1) of water mains, distribution pipes and house connections were 0.20, 0.24 and 0.53; 0.17, 0.32 and 0.50; and 0.01, 0.48 and 1.63, respectively. The failure rates of the main and distribution conduits were higher in winter than summer, due to the weather conditions and the pipes' shallow depth. Smaller diameter pipes were more vulnerable. One city is exposed to mining exploitation and most cracking observed on the main and distribution pipelines arose from this. As the literature and these investigations indicate, the technical condition of water supply systems in Poland is still improving and rates of deterioration decreasing.

scholarly journals Analyzing health risks caused by contaminated drinking water (experience gained in Samara region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
O.V. Sazonova Sazonova ◽  
◽  
A.K. Sergeev ◽  
L.V. Chupakhina ◽  
T.K. Ryazanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Supply Systems

Environmental contamination is still a pressing issue, in particular, contaminated drinking water sources and contaminated drinking water from centralized communal water supply systems, since it produces negative effects on human health. Our research goal was to estimate probable impacts exerted on overall morbidity in Samara by quality of drinking water taken from centralized communal water supply systems as a most significant environmental factor. Our research tasks included taking and analyzing drinking water samples from centralized communal water supply systems; calculating carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks caused by analyzed chemicals. To fulfill the tasks and achieve the goals, in 2018–2019 we performed sanitary-chemical analysis of drinking water quality as per 20 sanitary-chemical parameters; our research object was drinking water taken from centralized communal water supply systems in 7 districts in Samara. Obtained actual data on contamination of water taken from centralized water supply networks in Samara were used as primary basis for calculating hazard indexes and carcinogenic risk coefficients using conventional exposure scenarios. In our research we revealed that maximum total non-carcinogenic hazard quotient was determined by arsenic and petroleum products introduction. Assessment of carcinogenic risks caused by contaminants in drinking water revealed that total health risk for children younger than 18 was within the second range as per its median; total carcinogenic risks for adults, within the third range. At the same time, arsenic contents did not exceed hygienic standards in all examined samples. So, we assessed carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, basing on actual data on quality of drinking water taken from centralized communal water supply systems. It seems vital to perform a wider-scale controlled study in several regions in order to assess significance of revealed factors for morbidity among population.

scholarly journals Assessing health risks associated with drinking water quality (on the example of regions in Bashkortostan where oil fields are located)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
L.R. Rakhmatullina ◽  
◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Providing population with drinking water conforming to all hygienic standards is a pressing issue on territories where oil fields are located. In our research we focus on assessing water supply sources located in areas with oil fields and health risks for people who consume water from centralized water supply systems aimed at providing drinking water and water for communal use. Our research goal was to hygienically assess health risks for people living in areas where oil fields were located in Bashkortostan; these health risks were caused by people consuming water from centralized water supply systems. Our analysis was based on data obtained via laboratory research performed by «Bashkommunvodokanal» water supply facility and Bashkortostan Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology; the data were collected in 2016–2018 in Chishminskiy and Dablekanovskiy districts. Risks associated with drinking water quality were assessed taking into account all the requirements fixed in the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. Organoleptic risks related to water olfactory-reflex properties were assessed according to procedures fixed in the Methodical Guidelines MR 2.1.4.0032-11. Overall carcinogenic health risk assessed in Chishminskiy and Davlekanovskiy districts was higher than maximum permissible level due to chromium6+, DDT, lindane and arsenic detected in drinking water. Population carcinogenic risks amounted to 7 additional cases for people who consumed water supplied via water intake in Alkino-2 settlement; 69 additional cases, Isaakovskiy water intake; 76 additional cases, Kirzavodskoy water intake. Results obtained via non-carcinogenic risk assessment performed for all examined territories indicate that diseases might occur in the hormonal system (HQ =3.04–4.56), liver (HQ =2.3–3.83), and kidneys (HQ =1.47–2.45). The highest non-carcinogenic risks were detected for people who took water from Kirzavodskoy water intake in Davlekanovskiy district. We also detected unacceptable organoleptic risk (higher than 0.1) caused by excessive water hardness in Chishminskiy district. All the obtained results call for developing and implementing a set of activities aimed at reducing health risks for population.

Achieving sustainable irrigation development in agricultural areas of Serbia with limited water resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željka Rudić ◽  
Goran Nikolić ◽  
Dragiša Stević ◽  
Mile Božić ◽  
Ksenija Mačkić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation ◽  
Supply Systems

Irrigation has contributed significantly to poverty alleviation and food security; however, the sustainability of irrigated agriculture is being questioned both economically and environmentally. Agriculture is the economic sector where most water is consumed, but the lowest price is practised. This article presents an interdisciplinary approach to selecting and prioritizing infrastructure, by differentiating water sources for irrigation, in the case of two complex irrigation systems. Comparative analysis was undertaken for major hydrological, hydraulic, hydrotechnical and economic parameters in order to estimate a long-term water supply for irrigation. In the case of complex irrigation water supply systems, differentiating the ‘subsystems’ per water source and allowing their separate development require less investment and give a better chance for the project implementation. The average calculated investments in basic irrigation infrastructure were in a wide range, from EUR3327 to 10,103 ha−1, depending on anticipated water source (impoundments, groundwater and rivers). Economic water price also varied widely, EUR0.09–0.30 m−3, depending on the water source for irrigation.

scholarly journals Metabolic Modelling: A Strategic Planning Tool for Water Supply Systems Management

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Felisa ◽  
Ilaria Lauriola ◽  
Valentina Ciriello ◽  
Vittorio Di Federico
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Metabolic Modelling ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Water Withdrawals ◽  
Supply Systems

Water resources are essential for the economic development and sustenance of human activities belonging to the civil, agricultural and industrial sectors. Increasing water stress conditions, mainly due to climate change and population growth, imply the need to improve the resilience of water supply systems and account for sustainability of water withdrawals. Metabolic modelling approaches represent a flexible tool able to provide a support to decision making in the medium-long term, based on sustainability criteria. Here, these concepts are adopted to analyse part of the water supply network in the Province of Reggio-Emilia (Italy). Different water withdrawals scenarios are considered to account for a potential decrease in water resources availability from a quantitative perspective. As a second step, these scenarios are compared by means of a set of key performance metrics able to identify the most sustainable long-term strategy for a dynamic management of the water supply system. Results of these analysis allow to increase the resilience of the network under future scenarios, while protecting the water resources.

scholarly journals Failure Experience Improvement System (FEIS) for water supply systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Lukas ◽  
Ernest Mayr ◽  
Max Ruhri ◽  
Harald Katzmair ◽  
Reinhard Perfler
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
Infrastructure Failure ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Failure Experience

The Failure Experience Improvement System (FEIS) is a software tool that was developed in order to contribute to a minimization of hazardous events and failures within water supply systems and thus to achieve increased water safety. Based on the analysis of failure systems by applying Social Network Analysis (SNA) to the water supply infrastructure, the FEIS enables water utilities to identify causes and effects of failure events and to locate vulnerable points in their infrastructure. Failure events and the relations between them are the basis for the FEIS database. This database draws upon information on failure events which have occurred in practice at water utilities in Austria and on a literature review and survey of guidelines. The FEIS, which is accessed online, is currently used by six Austrian water utilities for development and test purposes. It provides both graphical visualization of the failure network and analytical indicators to evaluate failure events. In this way, it supports the utilities in identifying corrective actions in order to minimize the probability of failure occurrence and to limit the damage to the system once a failure has occurred.

scholarly journals Assessment of Renewal Priority of Water Pipeline Network against Earthquake Risk

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Shogo Hamamoto ◽  
Lisa Ito ◽  
Akihiro Tokai
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Pipeline Networks ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
Priority Assessment ◽  
Supply Systems

Long-term outage of drinking water supply after earthquakes has large adverse impacts on the lives of residents and cities’ water supply systems. Priority assessment is required to determine the effective order of preparing the measures against these hazards. Previous studies have insufficiently focused on the effects of seismic resistance of core pipelines, thereby affecting all the other branched pipelines that supply the water to each residential area. In our research, we aimed to propose the appropriate order of core pipelines derived from the center of the water treatment plants in Osaka, Japan against the Nankai Trough earthquake. Solutions that cause less damage have been needed because natural disaster prediction has had a lot of uncertainty. We proposed indices that can evaluate an appropriate renewal plan that considers the damage of core pipelines of water and the renewal cost for core pipeline networks based on the scenario analysis and the Monte Carlo simulation. The amount of water distribution of core pipelines in each area is the top priority when renewing them in terms of cost-effectiveness and expected rate of water outage under the disaster.

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