Politics of Memory and Trauma to Collective Memory Under Securitization Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Emelyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Memory And Trauma

Symbolic Figures of the Decembrists in the Memorial Space of Irkutsk (Early 20th Century - 1991)

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Yekaterina I. Krasilnikova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Memorial Space

The author explores the problem of reflecting the collective memory of Siberians about the exiled Decembrists in the memorial space of Irkutsk at different historical stages. The aim of the article is to characterize the developing dynamics of a segment of the memorial space system that includes Irkutsk's memorial places associated with the Decembrists in the chronological framework of the Soviet period of Russian history. The study is based on the principle of historicism. The methodological reference point of the research is the problem field of memory studies; the concepts of the places of memory of P. Nora and cultural memory of J. Assmann and A. Assmann are used. The author also employs historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods. Within the framework of the Soviet period, three stages of forming the segment of the Irkutsk memorial space associated with the memory about the Decembrists were identified. The first stage, from the 1910s till 1925, reflects the general weakness of Irkutsk city residents' collective memory about the Decembrists, which was manifested in neglecting memorial sites, and the beginning of the awakening of interest in the Decembrists among the local liberal-minded intelligentsia. At the second stage, from 1925 (the 100th anniversary of the Decembrist uprising) till the 1960s, under the influence of the state politics of memory that recognized the Decembrists as the first generation of Russian revolutionaries, the intelligentsia of Irkutsk were actively forming the locus of the Decembrists' memorial space in their city. Based on the memory about the Decembrists, the intelligentsia was constructing their social identity. But the local authorities did not provide the intelligentsia with the desired support, which significantly complicated achieving the memorialization tasks. At the third stage, in the 1960s-1980s, the memory about the Decembrists' stay in Irkutsk was in demand among the local authorities, who used it especially actively during celebrations dedicated to the anniversaries of the city. Many memorable places were designated, and their protection was improved. The sharply increased attention of Irkutsk local administration and city residents to the exiled Decembrists reflected the growth of their regional identity. The author revealed the dependence of reflecting the collective memory about the Decembrists in the Irkutsk memorial space on the state and regional politics of memory, as well as on the local intelligentsia initiatives, for which the memory about the Decembrists served as one of the foundations for constructing their social identity.

Rethinking Conflict and Collective Memory: The Case of Nanking

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Power Networks ◽  
Power Struggles ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Place Naming

This article examines the politics of collective memory and attribution theory by studying expert and popular beliefs in Japan about the 1937–1938 Nanking Massacre. Memory, when conceived as a product of political conflict, assumes pluralistic and centralized forms. Multiple memories emerge out of a context of cross-cutting interests, coalitions, power networks, and enterprises, as seen in the fate of artistic and presidential reputations, Holocaust commemoration, place-naming, monument-making, and the organization of museums. After discussing the assumptions underlying the politics of memory and attribution theory, the article considers two theories in light of the Nanking debates: the first relates history and memory to power struggles, whereas the second subsumes these struggles under conflicting causal attributions. It also looks at three carrier groups that participate in the Nanking memory war, and particularly in debates over Japan’s moral responsibility for crimes committed in Nanking: maximalists, revisionists, and centrists.

Agreeing to Disagree on the Legacies of Recent History

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan Kattago
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Agreeing To Disagree ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Historical Difference

Since 1989, social change in Europe has moved between two stories. The first being a politics of memory emphasizing the specificity of culture in national narratives, and the other extolling the virtues of the Enlightenment heritage of reason and humanity. While the Holocaust forms a central part of West European collective memory, national victimhood of former Communist countries tends to occlude the centrality of the Holocaust. Highlighting examples from the Estonian experience, this article asks whether attempts to find one single European memory of trauma ignore the complexity of history and are thus potentially disrespectful to those who suffered under both Communism and National Socialism. Pluralism in the sense of Hannah Arendt and Isaiah Berlin is presented as a way in which to move beyond the settling of scores in the past and towards a respectful recognition and acknowledgement of historical difference.

scholarly journals Securitization of Memory: a Theoretical Framework to Study the Latvian Case

2020 ◽  
pp. 395-410
Author(s):  
Sergii Pakhomenko ◽  
Olga Sarajeva
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Image Modeling ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Soviet Legacy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory ◽  
Perception Of Security ◽  
Communist Countries

The article suggests and argues a theoretical framework for studying a particular case of memory securitization. It is based on the constructivist perception of security that is systematically framed in the studies of representatives of the Copenhagen School, who consider security as a socially constructed phenomenon and define identity protection to be one of its primary goals. Pursuant to this approach, the article presents a correlation between memory and security in at least three aspects. In the first instance, similar to security, collective memory is socially determined. In the second instance, collective memory lies at the core of various forms of identity, including national identity. In the third instance, collective memory is not only an object of protection but also a resource, which is used by securitization actors for threat identification, enemy image modeling as well as for defining the means of protection. The Latvian case is applied for setting the theoretical framework of the memory securitization model. In future, it might be used to study specific juridical and political mechanisms of memory securitization in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The authors perceive the securitization of memory as a diverse complex of measures aimed at establishing and setting a certain historical narrative, as well as convincing society to be actively loyal to it. Accordingly, the policy of memory is defined as a mechanism for putting securitization in practice. The initial conditions for understanding this process in Latvia are the post-communist transition, ethnocultural divisions of the society, and the external factor represented by Russia, that promotes its historical narratives. In one respect, R. Brubaker’s concept of the “nationalized” state is taken as a theoretical model of the politics of memory in Latvia. According to this concept, the official narrative of post-communist countries has been set as a nation-oriented one. On the other hand, the concept of the memory regime developed by M. Bernhard and J. Kubik is also considered. As per their theory, the memory regime in Latvia can be described as being divided into the official and alternative narrative of counter-memory, which is based on the Soviet legacy.

scholarly journals A pedagogia da memória através dos comentários do TripAdvisor: análise do Archivo Provincial de la Memoria, Argentina.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Carolina Gomes Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Memory Politics

O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a pedagogia da memória em um sítio de memória, utilizando comentários do website norte-americano TripAdvisor. Pretende-se analisar, por intermédio dos comentários deixados na mídia social, o caso do Archivo Provincial de la Memoria de Córdoba. Este sítio de memória trata do tema da ditadura cívico militar na Argentina que ocorreu entre 1976 a 1983. Como metodologia, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, que consiste em analisar textos a partir de uma perspectiva quantitativa, analisando a frequência de repetição de determinados termos. Além disso, o artigo também se propõe a discutir políticas públicas de memória, e através delas lançar percepções sobre a construção e estruturação da memória coletiva de um povo.Palavras-chave: Memória; Políticas de memória; Pedagogia da memória; TripAdvisor.Abstract This paper aims to reflect on the pedagogy of memory on a memory site, using comments from the American TripAdvisor website. It is intended to analyze, through the comments left on social media, the case of the Archivo Provincial de la Memoria de Córdoba. This memory site deals with the theme of the civic-military dictatorship in Argentina that took place between 1976 and 1983. As for the method, content analysis was used, which consists of analyzing texts from a quantitative perspective, considering the frequency of repetition of certain terms. In addition, this paper also proposes to discuss public policies on memory, and through them to launch perceptions about the construction and structuring of the collective memory of a people.Keywords: Memory; Politics of memory; Pedagogy of Memory; TripAdvisor.

scholarly journals From Collective Memory to Transcultural Remembrance

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Graves ◽  
Elizabeth Rechniewski
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Tidal Wave ◽  
Special Interest Groups ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
World Nation

Over the last thirty or so years, historians and social scientists have undertaken a wide ranging exploration of the processes involved in forgetting and remembering, with a particular focus on the level of the nation-state. Their interest corresponds to the period that Pierre Nora, the French historian responsible for the ground-breaking Les Lieux de memoire in the 1980s, terms the ‘era of commemoration,’ drawing attention to what he describes as the ‘tidal wave of memorial concerns that has broken over the world.’ Across the world, nation-states have paid renewed attention to the ceremonial and observance of national days, and have undertaken campaigns of education, information, even legislation, to enshrine the parameters of national remembering and therefore identity, while organisations and institutions of civil society and special interest groups have sought to draw the attention of their fellow citizens to their particular experiences, and perhaps gain national recognition for what they believe to have been long overlooked or forgotten. This article traces the over-lapping evolution of the practices of commemoration, the politics of memory and the academic field of ‘Memory Studies.’ It seeks in particular to identify the theoretical and methodological advances that have moved the focus of the study of memory from the static and homogenising category of ‘collective memory’ to practices of remembering, and from national to transcultural perspectives.

The Comparative Politics of Collective Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Geneviève Zubrzycki ◽  
Anna Woźny
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Comparative Sociology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Nation States

This article examines the theoretical and empirical contributions of the interdisciplinary field of memory studies for a comparative sociology of collective memory and politics. We identify three major empirical foci that have structured the scholarship: the role of collective memory in the creation, legitimation, and maintenance of national identities and nation-states; political reckoning with the memory of difficult and violent pasts; and the ongoing transnationalization of collective memory. We conclude with suggestions for future research on the politics of memory given the rise of populism and so-called fake news.

Uchwały sejmowe jako mechanizm polityki pamięci

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (0) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Lech M. Nijakowski
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Imagination ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Discourse Strategies ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of the systematic analysis of the resolutions of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (10th–8th terms of office) as a mechanism aimed at shaping the collective memory of the Polish society. It outlines a research field and characterizes a legislative mechanism. Further, the article discusses research techniques and methods, and presents partial research results. The author shows that commemorative resolutions are an important element of the state politics of memory and lead to the emergence of various commemorative initiatives. On the other hand, their significance is moderated by the state of collective memory and the dominant topoi and public discourse strategies. Most often the resolutions using the so-called “constructive strategies” do not seek to radically reformulate the state of social historical consciousness. They disregard inconvenient persons and events and foster petrification of social imagination and marginalization of the minority communities of memory.

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