Investigate The Rheological Behavior of High Viscosity Friction Reducer Fracture Fluid and Its Impact on Proppant Static Settling Velocity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ba Geri ◽  
Abdulmohsin Imqam ◽  
Andrey Bogdan ◽  
Lingjuan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Fracture Fluid ◽  
Friction Reducer

scholarly journals Settling of Spherical Particles in High Viscosity Friction Reducer Fracture Fluids

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2462
Author(s):  
Ghith Biheri ◽  
Abdulmohsin Imqam
Keyword(s):  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Wall Effect ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Fracture Fluid ◽  
Glass Model ◽  
Fracture Models ◽  
Friction Reducer

Investigating the key factors that impact fluid rheology and proppant static settling velocity in high viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) is a critical aspect for successful proppant transport in hydraulic fracture treatment. In this study, the rheological properties of HVFRs were tested at various temperature ranges (i.e., 25, 50, 75, and 100 °C) and different HVFR concentrations (i.e., 1, 2, 4, and 8 gpt). Three sizes of spherical particle diameters (i.e., 2, 4, and 6 mm) were selected to measure the static settling velocity. The fracture fluid was tested in two fracture models: an unconfined glass model and a confined rectangular model with two fracture widths (7 and 10 mm). The settling velocity in the confined and unconfined models was measured using an advanced video camera. HVFR results exhibited acceptable thermal stability even at higher temperatures, also the viscosity and elasticity increased considerably with increasing concentration. Increasing the temperature cut the friction reducer efficiency to suspend the spherical particles for a significant time, and that was observed clearly at temperatures that reached 75 °C. Spherical particles freely settled in the unconfined model due to the absence of the wall effect, and the settling velocity decreased significantly as the HVFR concentration increased. Additionally, the fracture angularity substantially slowed the proppant settling velocity due to both the wall effect and several types of friction. This research provides insights into the rheological parameters of a high viscosity friction reducer as a fracturing fluid and its efficiency in transporting particles in bounded and unbounded fracture networks.

Development of a Fracturing Nanofluid with Dual Purpose: Increasing Heavy Oil Mobility and Reducing the Reservoir Damage Associated at the Remaining Fracture Fluid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Giraldo ◽  
Richard Zabala ◽  
Jorge Ítalo Bahamon ◽  
Camilo Mazo ◽  
Juan David Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Rock Sample ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Fracture Fluid ◽  
Heavy Crude

Abstract This work aims to develop a fracturing nanofluid with a dual purpose: i) to increase heavy crude oil mobility and ii) to reduce formation damage caused by the remaining fluid. Three commercial nanoparticles were evaluated: two fumed silica of different sizes and one type of alumina. They were acidified and basified, obtaining nine nanoparticles (NPs) by the surface modification, characterized by TEM, DLS, Z Potential and Total Acidity. The effect of adding nanoparticles at different concentrations onto the linear gel and heavy crude oil was determined by their rheological behavior. Also, there was assessed the alteration of the rock wettability by contact angle for all NPs and concentrations. Based on these results, the nanoparticle with better performance was the neutral fumed silica of 7 nm at 1000 mg/L. These were used to make a fracturing nanofluid from a commercial fracturing fluid (FF). Both of them were evaluated through their rheological behavior overtime at high pressure following the API RP39 test and quantitative measurements of the rock sample wettability changes. Displacement tests also were performed on proppant and rock samples at reservoir conditions: pressure and temperature. Finally, there was evaluated the rheological behavior of the crude oil recovered in the displacement test. It was possible to conclude that the inclusion of nanoparticles allowed obtaining a reduction of 10 and 20% in the two breakers used in the commercial fracture fluid formulation. An alteration of the rock wettability was achieved, where the rock sample became up to 50% more wettable to water. Moreover, there was a diminution of 53% in the damage caused by the remaining fracturing fluid to the oil effective permeability in the proppant medium. In the rock sample, a decrease of 31% of this kind of damage was observed. Increases of 28 and 18 % in the crude oil recovery were noticed in the proppant and the rock sample, respectively. Finally, there was a reduction of 40% in the crude oil viscosity, showing the effectiveness of adding nanoparticles to fracturing fluids for increasing oil mobility and reducing the formation damage.

Rheological Behavior of Citrus Pulp and its Application to Aseptic Processing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuele Levati
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Aseptic Processing ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Circular Pipes ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Different Temperatures

High-density citrus pulp is becoming increasingly popular in the beverage industry; however, its unique rheological behavior poses some challenges for its processing in heat exchangers, including high pressures resulting from its high viscosity and the difficulties producing an even mixture. The rheological behavior of 850 g/l citrus pulp has been studied at different temperatures between 20 °C and 80 °C and applied to computerized fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow in circular pipes and annular heat exchangers in order to determine flow characteristics and solutions for pulp mixing. Paper published with permission.

Rheological Behavior of Blends Gas-Water Atomized Stainless Steel Powder

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Suzy Pascoali ◽  
Lucas Dominguini ◽  
Joel Brasil Borges ◽  
Paulo A.P. Wendhausen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Stainless Steel Powder ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Capillary Rheometry ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Solids Loading

This work evaluates the influence of particle morphology in mixture rheology. Range of particle morphology was used, changing in the mixtures the proportion of spherical powders and irregular powders, respectively gas and water atomized powders, in fraction of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in mass. Components were obtained by mixtures with solid loading very close to critical values. Rheological analysis of the mixtures was elaborated in a capillary rheometry. The solids loading maximum was larger in 10% for the mixtures with only gas atomized powder, when compared to the mixture with just water atomized powder. The mixtures between gas and water atomized powders with maximum solid loading present difficulties in obtaining homogeneity and presents high viscosity.

Successful Implementation of High Viscosity Friction Reducer in Marcellus Shale Stimulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Johnson ◽  
Adam Winkler ◽  
Carl Aften ◽  
Phil Sullivan ◽  
W. A. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marcellus Shale ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Friction Reducer

Application of D-Limonene as the Green High Viscosity Friction Reducer in Hydraulic Fracturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminah Qayyimah Mohd Aji ◽  
Wan Nor Farahana Wan Nadhari ◽  
Cindy Dhevayani Savitri ◽  
Dzeti Farhah Mohshim ◽  
Belladonna Maulianda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Friction Reducer

Proppant Transport Using High-Viscosity Friction Reducer Fracture Fluids at High-Temperature Environment

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ghith Biheri ◽  
Abdulmohsin Imqam
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Unstable Fracture ◽  
Fracture Treatment ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Proppant Transport ◽  
Fracture Fluid ◽  
Tight Formations ◽  
Fluid Rheology

Summary The stimulation of unconventional reservoirs to improve oil productivity in tight formations of shale basins is a key objective in hydraulic fracturing treatments. Such stimulation can be made by reliable fracture fluids that have a high viscosity and elasticity to suspend the proppant in the fracture networks. Recently, due to several operational and economic reasons, the oil industry began using high-viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) as direct replacements for linear and crosslinked gels. However, some issues can limit the capability of HVFRs to provide effective sand transport, including the high fluid temperature during fracture treatment inside the formations. This may lead to unstable fracture fluids caused by a decrease in the interconnective strength between the fluid chains, which results in reduced viscosity and elasticity. This study comprehensively investigated HVFRs in comparison with guar at various temperatures. An HVFR at 4 gallons per thousand gallons of water (gpt) and guar at 25 pounds per thousand gallons of water (ppt) were selected based on fluid rheology tests and hydraulic fracture execution field results. The rheological measurements of both fracture fluids were conducted at different temperature values (i.e., 25, 50, 75, and 100°C). Static and dynamic proppant settling tests were also conducted at the same temperatures. The results showed that the HVFR provided better proppant transport capability than the guar. The HVFR had better thermal stability than guar, but its viscosity and elasticity decreased significantly when the temperature exceeded 75°C. An HVFR can carry and hold the proppant more deeply inside the fracture than liner gel, but that ability decreases as the temperature increases. Therefore, using conditions that mimic field conditions to measure the fracture fluid rheology, proppant static settling velocity, and proppant dune development under a high temperature is crucial for enhancing the fracture treatment results.

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