Successful Application of a New Generation of Clay Inhibitor Polymers While Drilling a Deep Exploration Well in the Astrakhan Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Leonidovich Ryabtsev ◽  
Sergey Viktorovich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Korolev ◽  
Samat Maratovich Urakov ◽  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Akvilev
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Application ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Exploration Well ◽  
Polymer Type

Abstract This paper presents the results of laboratory studies and field application of a drilling fluid based on a new generation of polymer inhibitors. The summarized results of the application confirm the effectiveness of the new polymer type used. The body of the article is devoted to the experience of using an innovative drilling fluid system for drilling an exploration well in the Astrakhan gas condensate field. One of the features of the Astrakhan gas condensate field is a number of intervals of possible complications: lost circulation zones, prone to clay swelling and caving, and presence of salts and hydrogen sulfide in the reservoir. One of the solutions for ensuring trouble-free drilling in such conditions is using an oil-based drilling fluid (OBM). However, OBM is often avoided when drilling exploratory wells due to environmental and technological limitations. In this connection, the project team carried out work on selection and development of a water-based drilling fluid formulation, which would ensure the most trouble-free and cost-effective drilling operations. Considering these studies, a drilling fluid was selected based on a new generation of inhibitor polymers. The key feature of the proposed formulation is the use of a new polar inhibitor polymer. The selected formulation showed the best laboratory test results after which it was approved for application. The main risk of using the new drilling fluid formulation was lack of filed experience in using this system in similar geological conditions. At the same time, laboratory tests showed that the proposed alternative mud formulations did not provide the required level of contamination resistance and inhibiting ability. Over the period from April to September of 2020, the exploration well was successfully drilled at the Astrakhan gas condensate field using the selected drilling fluid based on a new polymer type. Using the same drilling fluid type, four intervals - from the surface pipe to the production liner, - were drilled.

scholarly journals Existing methods of creating, operating underground gas storages and enhancing component recovery of layers

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
F. A. Nurmammadli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Unconventional Methods ◽  
Gas Supply

A significant role in ensuring the reliability of gas supply is played by underground gas storages, which are the most cost-effective objects for reserving natural gas. With all the originality of solving the issues of gas supply reliability by constructing underground gas storage in depleted gas condensate, gas and oil fields and aquifers, which are traditional methods, the absence of such geological conditions necessitates searching for other, unconventional methods of creating underground gas storages.

Development and First Application of an Ultra-Low Density Non-Aqueous Reservoir Drilling Fluid in the United Arab Emirates: A Viable Technical Solution to Drill Maximum Reservoir Contact Wells Across Depleted Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanujan Jeughale ◽  
Kerron Andrews ◽  
Salim Abdalla Al Ali ◽  
Takahiro Toki ◽  
Hisaya Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Organophilic Clay

Abstract Drilling and completion operations in depleted reservoirs, are challenging due to narrow margin between pore and fracture pressures. Therefore, Ultra-Low Density Reservoir Drilling Fluid (RDF) with optimum parameters is required to drill these wells safely. Design and effective field application of a sound engineered fluid solution to fulfill these operational demands are described. Ultra-Low Density RDF NAF with minimal fluid invasion characteristics was developed after extensive lab testing, to cover the fluid density from 7.2 – 8.0 ppg. The fluid properties were optimized based on reservoir requirements and challenging bottom-hole conditions. The design criteria benchmarks and field application details are presented. Fluids were stress tested for drill solids, reservoir water and density increase contamination. Multi-segment collaboration and teamwork were key during job planning and on-site job execution, to achieve operational success. For the first time in UAE, a major Offshore Operator successfully applied an Ultra-Low Density RDF-NAF, which provided remarkable stability and performance. The fluid was tested in the lab with polymeric viscosifier alone and in combination with organophilic clay. In order to gain rheology during the initial mixing, about 3.0 ppb of organophilic clay were introduced to system along with the polymeric viscosifier. Later, all the new fluid batches were built with polymeric additives alone to achieve target properties. A total of 10,250 ft of 8 ½" horizontal section was drilled to section TD with record ROP compared to previous wells in the same field, with no fluids related complications. With limited support from the solid control equipment, the team managed to keep the density ranging from 7.5 ppg to 7.8 ppg at surface condition, using premixed dilution. Bridging was monitored through actual testing on location and successfully maintained the target PSD values throughout the section by splitting the flow on three shaker screen size combination. Due to non-operation related issues, hole was kept static for 20 days. After such long static time, 8 ½" drilling BHA was run to bottom smoothly precautionary breaking circulation every 5 stands. Finally, after successful logging operation, 6 5/8" LEL liner was set to TD and the well completed as planned. Success of this field application indicates that an Ultra-Low density fluid can be designed, run successfully and deliver exemplary performance. Lessons learned are compared with conceptual design for future optimization. Laboratory test results are presented, which formed the basis of a seamless planned field application.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

Yoga in the management of Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeharsha N. ◽  
Bargale Sushant Sukumar ◽  
Divyasree C. H.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
The World ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Excess Glucose

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to make proper utilisation of glucose, resulting in the condition of hyperglycaemia. Excess glucose in the blood ultimately results in high levels of glucose being present in the urine (glycosuria). This increase the urine output, which leads to dehydration and increase thirst. India has the largest diabetic population in the world. Changes in eating habits, increasing weight and decreased physical activity are major factors leading to increased incidence of Diabetes. Lifestyle plays an important role in the development of Diabetes. Yoga offers natural and effective remedies without toxic side-effects, and with benefits that extend far beyond the physical. This system of Yoga is a simple, natural programme involving five main principles: proper exercise, proper breathing, proper relaxation, proper diet and positive thinking and meditation. It is a cost effective lifestyle intervention technique.

A Generalized Model for the Field Assessment of Drilling Fluid Viscoelasticity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Hongbo ◽  
Okesanya Temi ◽  
Kuru Ergun ◽  
Heath Garett ◽  
Hadley Dylan
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Generalized Model ◽  
Fluid Elasticity ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Drilling Operations

Abstract Recent studies highlight the significant role of drilling fluid elasticity in particle suspension and hole cleaning during drilling operations. Traditional methods to quantify fluid elasticity require the use of advanced rheometers not suitable for field application. The main objectives of the study were to develop a generalized model for determining viscoelasticity of a drilling fluid using standard field-testing equipment, investigate the factors influencing drilling fluid viscoelasticity in the field, and provide an understanding of the viscoelasticity concept. Over 80 fluid formulations used in this study included field samples of oil-based drilling fluids as well as laboratory samples formulated with bentonite and other polymers such as partially-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, synthesized xanthan gum, and polyacrylic acid. Detailed rheological characterizations of these fluids used a funnel viscometer and a rotational viscometer. Elastic properties of the drilling fluids (quantified in terms of the energy required to cause an irreversible deformation in the fluid's structure) were obtained from oscillatory tests conducted using a cone-and-plate type rheometer. Using an empirical approach, a non-iterative model for quantifying elasticity correlated test results from a funnel viscometer and a rotational viscometer. The generalized model was able to predict the elasticity of drilling fluids with a mean absolute error of 5.75%. In addition, the model offers practical versatility by requiring only standard drilling fluid testing equipment to predict viscoelasticity. Experimental results showed that non-aqueous fluid (NAF) viscoelasticity is inversely proportional to the oil-water ratio and the presence of clay greatly debilitates the elasticity of the samples while enhancing their viscosity. The work efforts present a model for estimating drilling fluid elasticity using standard drilling fluid field-testing equipment. Furthermore, a revised approach helps to describe the viscoelastic property of a fluid that involves quantifying the amount of energy required to irreversibly deform a unit volume of viscoelastic fluid. The methodology, combined with the explanation of the viscoelasticity concept, provides a practical tool for optimizing drilling operations based on the viscoelasticity of drilling fluids.

Eccentric String Reamer for ECD Reduction in the Depleted Field of Gulf of Thailand GoT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichnita Tortrakul ◽  
Chatwit Pochan ◽  
Nardthida Kananithikorn ◽  
Thanapong Siripan ◽  
Basil Ching ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Drilling Depth ◽  
Annular Clearance

Abstract This paper presents a method of reducing equivalent circulating density (ECD) while drilling using eccentric string reamers (ESR) with adjustable gage stabilizer (AGS) in Gulf of Thailand (GoT). Reduced ECD in slimhole is desirable when drilling depleted reservoirs as reduced borehole pressure can reduce or delay drilling fluid loss events. Delaying losses can allow well depth to be increased with the prospect of penetrating otherwise unrealized pay horizons and increasing reserves capture. Several methods of reducing ECD were considered but most solutions included changing drill string and/or casing design specifications with prohibitive cost. A low-cost, low operational-impact solution was needed. Hole-opening is a method of increasing annular clearance, but well delivery requirements of ~4.5 days per well necessitates a one-trip solution without introducing significant ROP reduction or negatively impact bottomhole assembly (BHA) walking tendencies. Further, the preferred solution must be compatible with a high temperature reservoir drilling environment and must not undermine drilling system operational reliability. A simple but controversial tool for hole opening is ESR. ESR’s are simple in that there are no moving parts or cutter blocks to shift, and operating cost is low. They are controversial due to uncertainty that the tool eccentricity and drilling dynamics will successfully open hole to the desired diameter. Given that the intent of this hole-opening application is limited to creating annular clearance for fluid, not mechanical clearance, the eccentric reamer solution was chosen for field trial and potential development. A tool design challenge was to create a reamer geometry with the desired enlargement ratio (6⅛-in. to 6⅞-in.) while drilling, and reliably drift surface equipment and casing without complications. The ESR design must efficiently drill-out cement and float equipment as well as heterogeneous shale/sand/mudstone interbedded formation layers without significant vibration. If successful, the enlarged hole diameter will increase annular clearance, reduce ECD, improve hole cleaning, and allow drilling depth to be increased to capture additional reserves The plug and play functionality of the ESR required no changes to the existing rig site procedures in handling and making up the tool. The ESR drifts the casing and drills cement and shoe track with normal parameters. The ESR is run with standard measurements-while-drilling (MWD)/logging-while-drilling (LWD) AGS BHA and is able to reduce ECD providing the opportunity to drill deeper and increase barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) per each wellbore. Performance analysis has shown no negative effect on drilling performance and BHA walking tendency. The novelty of this ESR application is its proven ability to assist in increasing reserves capture in highly depleted reservoirs. The ESR is performing very efficiently (high ROP) and reliability is outstanding. In this application, the ESR is a very cost-effective and viable solution for slimhole design.

Stimulation of Wells Damaged by Barite Present in Filter Cake or Scale

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Igor Ivanishin ◽  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din ◽  
Dmitriy Solnyshkin ◽  
Artem Klyubin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Field Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

Summary High-temperature (HT) deep carbonate reservoirs are typically drilled using barite (BaSO4) as a weighting material. Primary production in these tight reservoirs comes from the network of natural fractures, which are damaged by the invasion of mud filtrate during drilling operations. For this study, weighting material and drilling fluid were sampled at the same drillsite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence analyses confirmed the complex composition of the weighting material: 43.2 ± 3.8 wt% of BaSO4 and 47.8 ± 3.3 wt% of calcite (CaCO3); quartz and illite comprised the rest. The drilling fluid was used to form the filter cake in a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) filter-press apparatus at a temperature of 300°F and differential pressure of 500 psig. Compared with the weighting material, the filter cake contained less CaCO3, but more nondissolvable minerals, including quartz, illite, and kaolinite. This difference in mineral composition makes the filter cake more difficult to remove. Dissolution of laboratory-grade BaSO4, the field sample of the weighting material, and drilling-fluid filter cake were studied at 300°F and 1,000 to 1,050 psig using an autoclave equipped with a magnetic stirrer drive. Two independent techniques were used to investigate the dissolution process: analysis of the withdrawn-fluid samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, and XRD analysis of the solid material left after the tests. The dissolution efficiency of commercial K5-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), two K4-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Na4-EDTA solutions, and two “barite dissolvers” of unknown composition was compared. K5-DTPA and K4-EDTA have similar efficiency in dissolving BaSO4 as a laboratory-grade chemical and a component of the calcite-containing weighting material. No pronounced dissolution-selectivity effect (i.e., preferential dissolution of CaCO3) was noted during the 6-hour dissolution tests with both solutions. Reported for the first time is the precipitation of barium carbonate (BaCO3) when a mixture of BaSO4 and CaCO3 is dissolved in DTPA or EDTA solutions. BaCO3 composes up to 30 wt% of the solid phase at the end of the 6-hour reaction, and can be dissolved during the field operations by 5 wt% hydrochloric acid. Being cheaper, K4-EDTA is the preferable stimulation fluid. Dilution of this chelate increases its dissolution efficiency. Compared with commonly recommended solutions of 0.5 to 0.6 M, a more dilute solution is suggested here for field application. The polymer breaker and K4-EDTA solution are incompatible; therefore, the damage should be removed in two stages if the polymer breaker is used.

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