The Effects of Elder’s Human Rights and the Images of the Older Persons of Adult Workers on the Perception of Elder Abuse of the Awareness： The Moderating Effects of Age Groups and Living Experience with Elderly

Abstract Background The etiology of the low-level chronic inflammatory state associated with aging is likely multifactorial, but a number of animal and human studies have implicated a functional decline of the gastrointestinal immune system as a potential driver. Gut tissue-resident memory T cells play critical roles in mediating protective immunity and in maintaining gut homeostasis, yet few studies have investigated the effect of aging on human gut T cell immunity. To determine if aging impacted CD4 T cell immunity in the human large intestine, we utilized multi-color flow cytometry to measure colonic lamina propria (LP) CD4 T cell frequencies and immune-modulatory marker expression in younger (mean ± SEM: 38 ± 1.5 yrs) and older (77 ± 1.6 yrs) adults. To determine cellular specificity, we evaluated colon LP CD8 T cell frequency and phenotype in the same donors. To probe tissue specificity, we evaluated the same panel of markers in peripheral blood (PB) CD4 T cells in a separate cohort of similarly aged persons. Results Frequencies of colonic CD4 T cells as a fraction of total LP mononuclear cells were higher in older persons whereas absolute numbers of colonic LP CD4 T cells per gram of tissue were similar in both age groups. LP CD4 T cells from older versus younger persons exhibited reduced CTLA-4, PD-1 and Ki67 expression. Levels of Bcl-2, CD57, CD25 and percentages of activated CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4 T cells were similar in both age groups. In memory PB CD4 T cells, older age was only associated with increased CD57 expression. Significant age effects for LP CD8 T cells were only observed for CTLA-4 expression, with lower levels of expression observed on cells from older adults. Conclusions Greater age was associated with reduced expression of the co-inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1 on LP CD4 T cells. Colonic LP CD8 T cells from older persons also displayed reduced CTLA-4 expression. These age-associated profiles were not observed in older PB memory CD4 T cells. The decline in co-inhibitory receptor expression on colonic LP T cells may contribute to local and systemic inflammation via a reduced ability to limit ongoing T cell responses to enteric microbial challenge.

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Role of Dignity in Mental Health Care: Impact on Ageism and Human Rights of Older Persons

American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jagp.2021.05.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Debanjan Banerjee ◽

Kiran Rabheru ◽

Carlos Augusto de Mendonca Lima ◽

Gabriel Ivbijaro

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Human Rights ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Older Persons

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Physical Performance Measures for Characterizing High Functioning Older Persons

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.4.4.338 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 338-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Takashi Kinugasa ◽

Hiroshi Nagasaki ◽

Taketo Furuna ◽

Hajime Itoh

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Older Persons ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Age Groups ◽

High Functioning ◽

Eyes Open ◽

Interdisciplinary Study ◽

Tokyo Metropolitan Institute

The goal of this study was to identify methods for characterizing high-functioning older adults living in the community. The subjects were 495 older adults from the Longitudinal Interdisciplinary Study on Aging conducted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology. Physical performance measures included grip strength, walking at preferred and maximum speeds, one-leg standing with eyes open, and finger tapping rate. Performance scores were created by summing each categorical score. Consistent differences were found among age groups and genders. Scores were lower in subjects who had stroke or diabetes than in those without these conditions. These results suggest that physical performance measures have both discriminant validity and construct validity, which make them useful methods for characterizing high-functioning older persons.

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Effects of practice on visuo-spatial attention in a wayfinding task

Psychological Research ◽

10.1007/s00426-020-01463-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mai Geisen ◽

Kyungwan Kim ◽

Stefanie Klatt ◽

Otmar Bock

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Spatial Attention ◽

Older Persons ◽

Recall Test ◽

Age Groups ◽

Attentional Focus ◽

Gaze Direction ◽

Fixation Time ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Virtual City

AbstractSeveral studies have evaluated the distribution of visuo-spatial attention in a wayfinding task, using gaze direction as an indicator for the locus of attention. We extended that work by evaluating how visuo-spatial attention is modified by wayfinding practice. Young and older participants followed prescribed routes through a virtual city on six trials. Each trial was followed by a route recall test, where participants saw screenshots of intersections encountered, and had to indicate which way to proceed. Behavioral and gaze data were registered in those tests. Wayfinding accuracy increased from trial to trial, more so in young than in older persons. Total gaze time, mean fixation time, and the vertical scatter of fixations decreased from trial to trial, similarly in young and older persons. The horizontal scatter of fixations did not differ between trials and age groups. The incidence of fixations on the subsequently chosen side also did not differ between trials, but it increased in older age. We interpret these findings as evidence that as wayfinding practice increased, participants gradually narrowed their attentional focus to the most relevant screenshot area, processed information within this focus more efficiently, reduced the total time in which attention dwelled on the rejected side of the screenshot, but maintained the total time on the chosen side. These dynamic changes of visuo-spatial attention were comparable in young and older participants. However, it appears that decision-making differed between age groups: older persons’ attention dwelled longer on the chosen side before they made their choice.

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FEATURES OF THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN PERSONS OF MIDDLE, ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE WITH PNEUMONIA

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2021.34.1.014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102-106

Author(s):

С. А. Рукавишникова ◽

Т. А. Ахмедов ◽

А.С. Пушкин ◽

У.Р. Сагинбаев ◽

Д.П. Пискунов ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Older Persons ◽

Risk Group ◽

Age Groups ◽

Biological Variation ◽

The Body ◽

Blood Analysis ◽

Internal Environment ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Hematological Indicators

Пневмония занимает лидирующие позиции по смертности среди всех инфекционных заболеваний. Установлено, что к достоверной группе риска по уровню заболеваемости и смертности от данной нозологической формы относятся лица старше 60 лет, причем с возрастом тяжесть протекания заболевания только возрастает. Согласно литературным данным, одной из причин снижения адаптационных возможностей лиц пожилого возраста является феномен «возрастного десинхроноза», проявляющийся значительными колебаниями параметров внутренней среды организма. Цель работы - сравнительный анализ коэффициентов внутри-и межиндивидуальной биологической вариации. Для этого проведено ретроспективное исследование клинического анализа крови у пациентов, страдающих пневмонией неуточненной этиологии, в разрезе трех возрастных групп - средней, пожилой и старческой. Обнаружены особенности биологической вариации в зависимости от возраста, выявленные отличия были обоснованы в соответствии с имеющимися теориями. Pneumonia is the leading mortality rate among all infectious diseases. It has been established that the reliable risk group for morbidity and mortality from this nosology includes persons over 60 years of age, and with age the severity of the disease only increases. According to literary data, one of the reasons for the decline in adaptation capabilities of older persons is the phenomenon of «age desinhronosis», which manifests itself in significant fluctuations in the parameters of the internal environment of the body. The purpose of this work was to compare the coefficients of intra- and interindividual biological variation. For this purpose, a retrospective study of clinical blood analysis in patients suffering from pneumonia of unspecified etiology was carried out in terms of three age groups: medium, elderly and senile. Features of biological variation depending on age have been found, the differences identified have been justified according to available theories.

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Human Rights and Elder Abuse: The Case Example of Serbia

International Perspectives on Aging - Advances in Elder Abuse Research ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-25093-5_16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 239-251

Author(s):

Natasa Todorovic ◽

Milutin Vracevic

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Elder Abuse

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Prevalence of eczema among older persons: A population-based cross-sectional study

Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology ◽

10.25259/ijdvl_990_19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Vijayan Neena ◽

Neelakandhan Asokan ◽

Rajany Jose ◽

A. Sarin

Keyword(s):

Older Persons ◽

Health Workers ◽

Age Groups ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Background: There are very few population-based studies on the prevalence of eczema among older persons Aims: To estimate the prevalence and types of eczema in those aged 65 years or more in the community and to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions for case finding. Methods: In the first stage of this cross-sectional survey, trained health workers of a non-governmental organization surveyed the eligible population and identified persons likely to have eczema. In the second stage, dermatologists examined such persons to ascertain the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7. Prevalence of eczema was expressed in percentages. Chi-square test was used for comparing the difference in prevalence of eczema in various age groups and sex. Results: Health workers identified 98 persons as possible cases of eczema after interviewing 385 older persons in the community. Among them 95 persons were examined by dermatologists and 44 were confirmed to have eczema (diagnostic accuracy of health workers = 46.3%).Point prevalence of eczema was 11.4% (44/385). Prevalence was similar in males and females. It was greater (18.2 %) among persons aged 81 years or more. Asteatotic eczema, gravitational eczema and lichen simplex chronicus were the more common types of eczema. Limitations: Possible underestimation of the prevalence rates due to limited medical knowledge of health workers; limited facilities for examination and investigations at the medical camps and home visits. Conclusion: There appears to be a considerable burden of eczema among older persons in the community. A community-based approach involving non-governmental organizations has the potential to identify cases and offer care close to their homes.

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