scholarly journals Construction of an Arabidopsis/Nicotiana inter-order graft for studies of scion-rootstock interaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuying Deng ◽  
Mengting Jiang ◽  
Mi Wang ◽  
Dacheng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Vascular Connection ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Plant Bioreactor ◽  
Graft Incompatibility

Abstract Background Scion–rootstock union formation is a critical step towards functional assemblage of heterogeneous plants. However, scion-rootstock interaction often results in graft incompatibility during the process of assemblage. So far, the lack of model heterografts involving both clear genetic backgrounds and taxonomically distant species greatly impedes insights into the mechanisms underlying scion-rootstock interaction. Results In this report, we established an Arabidopsis (At)/Nicotiana benthamiana (Nb) heterografting system in which the model plant At and the model plant Nb for plant bioreactor was used as scion and rootstock respectively, to explore the interaction between the two model plants. Regarding to the At scion phenotypes, the At-Nb connection can be characterized into three groups: the mild-stressed, the albino and the dormant grafts. Examination of symplastic and apoplastic flow indicated that a functional inter-order grafting was established in the mild-stressed group, but not in the dormant group. What’s more, the free GFP movement in both At/At homograft and the At/Nb graft implicated that macromolecules moved across the heterograft union of the mild-stressed graft, but congealed at the union of dormant graft. These results accentuated the role of vascular connection in the establishment of compatible heterografts. Conclusions The present study established an inter-order model graft involving Arabidopsis and Nicotiana. The interactions from these two species resulted in three distinct grafting groups, which offer us a novel vista to explore many important issues such as grafting compatibility and biomolecule movement.

scholarly journals A Sequential Three-Phase Pathway Constitutes Tracheary Element Connection in the Arabidopsis/Nicotiana Interfamilial Grafts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuying Deng ◽  
Huiyan Wu ◽  
Tianlin Jin ◽  
Tingting Cai ◽  
Mengting Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Process

Scion-rootstock union formation is a critical step toward the functional assemblage of heterogeneous plants. Interfamilial scion-rootstock interaction often results in graft incompatibility during the assemblage process, and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we reported that tracheary element (TE) remodeling, including TE segmentation and deformation, rather than de novo formation from callus or adjacent tissues, took place at the early stage of grafting interface between Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana (At/Nb). Following cellular deposits, the short TEs from both partners were overlapping, dependent on the homogeneity of contacting TEs, with each other. Without overlapping, the TEs at the interface would grow laterally, and the TEs above and below the interface would undergo self-fusion to form insulating spiraling bundles. Finally, the overlapping TEs constituted a continuous network through alignment. Our results provide a definitive framework for the critical process of TE behavior in the At/Nb distant grafts, including (1) segmentation and/or deformation, (2) matching, overlapping, and cellular deposits, and (3) aligning or spiraling. These insights might guide us in the future into constructing more compatible distant grafts from the perspective of TE homogeneity.

scholarly journals The Role of Capsid in HIV-1 Nuclear Entry

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Anabel Guedán ◽  
Eve R. Caroe ◽  
Genevieve C. R. Barr ◽  
Kate N. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Outer Face ◽  
Nuclear Entry ◽  
Nuclear Compartment ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Gain Access

HIV-1 can infect non-dividing cells. The nuclear envelope therefore represents a barrier that HIV-1 must traverse in order to gain access to the host cell chromatin for integration. Hence, nuclear entry is a critical step in the early stages of HIV-1 replication. Following membrane fusion, the viral capsid (CA) lattice, which forms the outer face of the retroviral core, makes numerous interactions with cellular proteins that orchestrate the progress of HIV-1 through the replication cycle. The ability of CA to interact with nuclear pore proteins and other host factors around the nuclear pore determines whether nuclear entry occurs. Uncoating, the process by which the CA lattice opens and/or disassembles, is another critical step that must occur prior to integration. Both early and delayed uncoating have detrimental effects on viral infectivity. How uncoating relates to nuclear entry is currently hotly debated. Recent technological advances have led to intense discussions about the timing, location, and requirements for uncoating and have prompted the field to consider alternative uncoating scenarios that presently focus on uncoating at the nuclear pore and within the nuclear compartment. This review describes recent advances in the study of HIV-1 nuclear entry, outlines the interactions of the retroviral CA protein, and discusses the challenges of investigating HIV-1 uncoating.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Chinese Wheat Mosaic Virus Infection of Nicotiana benthamiana

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Weiran Zheng ◽  
Haichao Hu ◽  
Qisen Lu ◽  
Peng Jin ◽  
Linna Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Chinese Wheat

Recent studies have shown that a large number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate various biological processes in animals and plants. Although lncRNAs have been identified in many plants, they have not been reported in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Particularly, the role of lncRNAs in plant virus infection remains unknown. In this study, we identified lncRNAs in N. benthamiana response to Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection by RNA sequencing. A total of 1175 lncRNAs, including 65 differentially expressed lncRNAs, were identified during CWMV infection. We then analyzed the functions of some of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Interestingly, one differentially expressed lncRNA, XLOC_006393, was found to participate in CWMV infection as a precursor to microRNAs in N. benthamiana. These results suggest that lncRNAs play an important role in the regulatory network of N. benthamiana in response to CWMV infection.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of Bradysiaimpatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae) as a Vector Transmitting Peanut Stunt Virus on the Model Plant Nicotiana benthamiana

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Marta Budziszewska ◽  
Patryk Frąckowiak ◽  
Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Viral Coat ◽  
Peanut Stunt Virus

Bradysia species, commonly known as fungus gnats, are ubiquitous in greenhouses, nurseries of horticultural plants, and commercial mushroom houses, causing significant economic losses. Moreover, the insects from the Bradysia genus have a well-documented role in plant pathogenic fungi transmission. Here, a study on the potential of Bradysia impatiens to acquire and transmit the peanut stunt virus (PSV) from plant to plant was undertaken. Four-day-old larvae of B. impatiens were exposed to PSV-P strain by feeding on virus-infected leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and then transferred to healthy plants in laboratory conditions. Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), and digital droplet PCR (RT-ddPCR), the PSV RNAs in the larva, pupa, and imago of B. impatiens were detected and quantified. The presence of PSV genomic RNA strands as well as viral coat protein in N. benthamiana, on which the viruliferous larvae were feeding, was also confirmed at the molecular level, even though the characteristic symptoms of PSV infection were not observed. The results have shown that larvae of B. impatiens could acquire the virus and transmit it to healthy plants. Moreover, it has been proven that PSV might persist in the insect body transstadially. Although the molecular mechanisms of virion acquisition and retention during insect development need further studies, this is the first report on B. impatiens playing a potential role in plant virus transmission.

scholarly journals Chloroplast Hsp70 Isoform Is Required for Age-Dependent Tissue Preference of Bamboo mosaic virus in Mature Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 631-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wen Huang ◽  
Chung Chi Hu ◽  
Ching Hsiu Tsai ◽  
Na Sheng Lin ◽  
Yau Heiu Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Efficient Replication ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Suitable Environment

Plant viruses may exhibit age-dependent tissue preference in their hosts but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we provide several lines of evidence to reveal the determining role of a protein of the Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplast Hsp70 (NbcpHsp70) family, NbcpHsp70-2, involved in the preference of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) to infect older tissues. NbcpHsp70 family proteins were identified in complexes pulled down with BaMV replicase as the bait. Among the isoforms of NbcpHsp70, only the specific silencing of NbcpHsp70-2 resulted in the significant decrease of BaMV RNA in N. benthamiana protopalsts, indicating that NbcpHsp70-2 is involved in the efficient replication of BaMV RNA. We further identified the age-dependent import regulation signal contained in the transit peptide of NbcpHsp70-2. Deletion, overexpression, and substitution experiments revealed that the signal in the transit peptide of NbcpHsp70-2 is crucial for both the import of NbcpHsp70-2 into older chloroplasts and the preference of BaMV for infecting older leaves of N. benthamiana. Together, these data demonstrated that BaMV may exploit a cellular age-dependent transportation mechanism to target a suitable environment for viral replication.

scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Evidence for the Role of SGT1 in the Intramolecular Complementation of Bs2 Protein Activity in Nicotiana benthamiana

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1268-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Todd Leister ◽  
Douglas Dahlbeck ◽  
Brad Day ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Olga Chesnokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Molecular Genetic Evidence

The Role of Topology and Tissue Mechanics in Remora Attachment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Culler ◽  
Keri A. Ledford ◽  
Jason H. Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Cell Geometry ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Tissue Material

ABSTRACTRemora fish are capable of fast, reversible and reliable adhesion to a wide variety of both natural and artificial marine hosts through a uniquely evolved dorsal pad. This adhesion is partially attributed to suction, which requires a robust seal between the pad interior and the ambient environment. Understanding the behavior of remora adhesion based on measurable surface parameters and material properties is a critical step when creating artificial, bio-inspired devices. In this work, structural and fluid finite element models (FEM) based on a simplified “unit cell” geometry were developed to predict the behavior of the seal with respect to host/remora surface topology and tissue material properties.

scholarly journals The Valine Anticodon and Valylatability of Peanut Clump Virus RNAs Are Not Essential but Provide a Modest Competitive Advantage in Plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (18) ◽  
pp. 8720-8725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Matsuda ◽  
Patrice Dunoyer ◽  
Odile Hemmer ◽  
Christiane Fritsch ◽  
Theo W. Dreher
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genomic Rnas ◽  
Viral Rnas ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Direct Competition

ABSTRACT The role of valine aminoacylation of the two genomic RNAs ofPeanut clump virus (PCV) was studied by comparing the amplification in vivo of RNAs with GAC, GΔC, or CCA anticodons in the tRNA-like structure (TLS) present at the 3′ end of each viral RNA. The PCV RNA1 TLS of isolate PCV2 possesses a GAC anticodon and is capable of highly efficient valylation, whereas the RNA2 TLS has a GΔC anticodon that does not support valylation. The presence in RNA1 of GΔC or CCA anticodons that conferred nonvalylatability resulted in about 2- to 4-fold and a 14- to 24-fold reduction, respectively, in RNA accumulations in tobacco BY-2 protoplasts inoculated with the RNA1 variants together with wild-type RNA2(GΔC). No differences in RNA levels were observed among protoplasts inoculated with the three variant RNA2s in the presence of wild-type RNA1(GAC). All combinations of valylatable and nonvalylatable RNAs 1 and 2 were similarly infectious in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, and viral RNAs accumulated to similar levels; all input TLS sequences were present unchanged in apical leaves. In direct competition experiments in N. benthamiana plants, however, both RNA1 and RNA2 with GAC valylatable anticodons outcompeted the nonvalylatable variants. We conclude that valylation provides a small but significant replicational advantage to both PCV RNAs. Sequence analysis of the TLS from RNA2 of a second PCV isolate, PO2A, revealed the presence of an intact GAC valine anticodon, suggesting that the differential valylation of the genomic RNAs of isolate PCV2 is not a general characteristic of PCV.

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