scholarly journals Ocular biomarkers for cognitive impairment in nonagenarians; a prospective cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacoba Alida van de Kreeke ◽  
Nienke Legdeur ◽  
Maryam Badissi ◽  
H. Ton Nguyen ◽  
Elles Konijnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

Abstract Background: Ocular imaging receives much attention as a source of potential biomarkers for dementia. In the present study, we analyze these ocular biomarkers in cognitively impaired and healthy participants in a population aged over 90 years (= nonagenarian), and elucidate the effects of age on these biomarkers. Methods: For this prospective cross-sectional study, we included individuals from the EMIF-AD 90+ study, consisting of a cognitively healthy (N=67) and cognitively impaired group (N=33), and the EMIF-AD PreclinAD study, consisting of cognitively healthy controls aged ≥60 (N=198). Participants underwent Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and fundus photography of both eyes. OCT was used to asses total and individual inner retinal layer thickness in the macular region (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study circles) as well as peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, fundus images were analyzed with Singapore I Vessel Assessment to obtain 7 retinal vascular parameters. Values for both eyes were averaged. Differences in ocular biomarkers between the 2 nonagenarian groups were analyzed using linear regression, differences between the individual nonagenarian groups and controls were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Ocular biomarkers did not differ between the healthy and cognitively impaired nonagenarian groups. Both nonagenarian groups differed in most ocular biomarkers from the younger controls. Conclusion: Ocular biomarkers were not associated with cognitive impairment in nonagenarians, making their use as a screening tool for dementing disorders in this group limited. However, ocular biomarkers were significantly associated with chronological age, which were very similar to those ascribed to occur in Alzheimer’s Disease.

scholarly journals Ocular biomarkers for cognitive impairment in nonagenarians; a prospective cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacoba Alida van de Kreeke ◽  
Nienke Legdeur ◽  
Maryam Badissi ◽  
H. Ton Nguyen ◽  
Elles Konijnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

Abstract Background: Ocular imaging receives much attention as a source of potential biomarkers for dementia. In the present study, we analyze these ocular biomarkers in cognitively impaired and healthy participants in a population aged over 90 years (= nonagenarian), and elucidate the effects of age on these biomarkers. Methods: For this prospective cross-sectional study, we included individuals from the EMIF-AD 90+ study, consisting of a cognitively healthy (N=67) and cognitively impaired group (N=33), and the EMIF-AD PreclinAD study, consisting of cognitively healthy controls aged ≥60 (N=198). Participants underwent Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and fundus photography of both eyes. OCT was used to asses total and individual inner retinal layer thickness in the macular region (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study circles) as well as peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, fundus images were analyzed with Singapore I Vessel Assessment to obtain 7 retinal vascular parameters. Values for both eyes were averaged. Differences in ocular biomarkers between the 2 nonagenarian groups were analyzed using linear regression, differences between the individual nonagenarian groups and controls were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Ocular biomarkers did not differ between the healthy and cognitively impaired nonagenarian groups. Both nonagenarian groups differed in most ocular biomarkers from the younger controls. Conclusion: Ocular biomarkers were not associated with cognitive impairment in nonagenarians, making their use as a screening tool for dementing disorders in this group limited. However, ocular biomarkers were significantly associated with chronological age, which were very similar to those ascribed to occur in Alzheimer’s Disease.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis is associated with atrophy of the inner retinal layers

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danko Coric ◽  
Lisanne J Balk ◽  
Merike Verrijp ◽  
Anand Eijlers ◽  
Menno M Schoonheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Background: Inner retinal layer (IRL) atrophy is a potential biomarker for neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and IRL atrophy in MS. Methods: Cross-sectional study design, including 217 patients and 59 healthy controls. Subjects were investigated clinically, underwent retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) and comprehensive cognitive assessments. The association between these modalities was evaluated by regression analyses. Results: Of the patients, 44.2% were cognitively impaired. In the absence of multiple sclerosis–associated optic neuritis (MSON), cognitively impaired patients had a significantly lower mean peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL, Δ: 8.13 µm, p < 0.001) and mean macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL, Δ: 11.50 µm, p < 0.001) thickness compared to cognitively preserved patients. There was a significant association between the presence of cognitive impairment and pRNFL (odds ratio (OR): 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.18, p = 0.001) and mGCIPL (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.05–1.18, p < 0.001) atrophy. This association was masked by the severe IRL atrophy seen following MSON. Conclusion: The strong relationship between cognitive impairment across multiple cognitive domains and atrophy of the pRNFL and mGCIPL in patients who never suffered from MSON suggests that OCT is useful in assessing central nervous system neurodegeneration in MS.

Cognitive Performance and Neuro-Metabolites in HIV using 3T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Gupta ◽  
Shivabalan ◽  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Surabhi Vyas ◽  
RM Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Simple Motor

Background: Cognitive impairment in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with higher morbidity. The prevalence of and the metabolite changes in the brain associated with cognitive impairment in anti-retroviral therapy naïve patients with HIV is unknown. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of, and the neurometabolites associated with cognitive impairment in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients with HIV. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among ART naïve patients with HIV aged 18-50 years in a tertiary care center in India. Cognition was tested using the Post Graduate Institute battery of brain dysfunction across five domains; memory, attentioninformation processing, abstraction executive, complex perceptual, and simple motor skills. We assessed the total N-acetyl aspartyl (tNAA), creatine (tCr) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) using 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cognitive impairment was defined as an impairment in ≥2 domains. Results: Among 43 patients eligible for this study, the median age was 32 years (IQR 29, 40) and 30% were women. Median CD4 count and viral load were 317 cells/µL (IQR 157, 456) and 9.3 copies/ µL (IQR 1.4, 38), respectively. Impairment in at least one cognitive domain was present in 32 patients (74.4%). Impairment in simple motor skills and memory was present in 46.5% and 44% of patients, respectively. Cognitive impairment, defined by impairment in ≥2 domains, was found in 22 (51.2%) patients. There was a trend towards higher concentration of tNAA (7.3 vs. 7.0 mmol/kg), tGlx (9.1 vs. 8.2 mmol/kg), and tCr (5.5 vs. 5.2 mmol/kg) in the frontal lobe of patients with cognitive impairment vs. without cognitive impairment but it did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05 for all). There was no difference in the concentration of these metabolites in the two groups in the basal ganglia. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in ART naïve patients with HIV. There is no difference in metabolites in patients with or without cognitive impairment. Further studies, with longitudinal follow-up, are required to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Patients on Hemodialysis: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan ◽  
Mohd Razali Salleh ◽  
Ghazali Ahmad ◽  
Zaleha Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Education

Depression and cognitive impairment are the most common complications of patients on hemodialysis. The objective of this study is to identify contributing factors to depression and cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients. This is a cross-sectional study involving 110 hemodialysis patients in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The samples were recruited through universal sampling. Patients were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. This study found that 18.2% of patients had depression, and 48.2% had cognitive impairment. Factors associated with depression were unmarried status, low education level, and cognitive impairment. Factors associated with cognitive impairment were low education level, depression, and unemployment. Keywords: hemodialysis, depression, cognitive, ESRD eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2468.

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