scholarly journals ANTIBIOGRAMS AND RISK FACTORS OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM LAYING HENS AND EGGS IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Taddese ◽  
Tadele Tolosa ◽  
Benti Deresa ◽  
Matios lakow ◽  
Abebe Olani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Objectives Salmonella is the most important causes of foodborne illness especially from poultry and poultry products. So the aim of this study was to carryout phenotypic characterization, antimicrobials susceptibility pattern and risk factors of salmonella isolates from farms and markets eggs, cloacae swabs of chickens and stool of egg collectors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to September 2018. Samples were, processed; salmonella was isolated, Phenotypically identified by OmniLog and antimicrobials susceptibility were carried out. Result Over all; 11(2.65%) of salmonella enterica were phenotipically characterized out of 415 samples from farms egg content (n=83), farms eggshell (n=83), cloacae (n=83), market eggshell (n=83) and market egg contents (n=83) with 2.4%, 0%, 2.4%, 4.8% and 3.6% prevalence, respectively. Out of isolates, 8(72.72%) displayed multidrug resistance. All isolates showed susceptibility to Gentamicin, Kanamycin and Streptomycin. Lack of separating cracked eggs, washing hand, eggs stay longer unsold, and mixing excreta with feed were associated risk factors for salmonella presence (p-value<0.05). The presence of drug resistant salmonella enterica within egg/and chicken can pose serious health problem. Good hygienic practices are important to reduce risk factors of salmonella contamination.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIBIOGRAM AND RISK FACTORS OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM LAYING CHICKEN, POULTRY FARM AND MARKET’S EGGS IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Taddese ◽  
Tadele Tolosa ◽  
Benti Deresa ◽  
Matios lakow ◽  
Abebe Olani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Objectives Salmonella is the most important causes of foodborne illness especially from poultry and poultry products. So the aim of this study was to carryout phenotypic characterization, antimicrobials susceptibility pattern and risk factors of salmonella isolates from farms and markets eggs, cloacae swabs of chickens and stool of egg collectors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to September 2018. Samples were, processed; salmonella was isolated, Phenotypically identified by OmniLog and antimicrobials susceptibility were carried out. Result Over all; 11(2.65%) of salmonella enterica were phenotipically characterized out of 415 samples from farms egg content (n=83), farms eggshell (n=83), cloacae (n=83), market eggshell (n=83) and market egg contents (n=83) with 2.4%, 0%, 2.4%, 4.8% and 3.6% prevalence, respectively. Out of isolates, 8(72.72%) displayed multidrug resistance. All isolates showed susceptibility to Gentamicin, Kanamycin and Streptomycin. Lack of separating cracked eggs, washing hand, eggs stay longer unsold, and mixing excreta with feed were associated risk factors for salmonella presence (p-value<0.05). The presence of drug resistant salmonella enterica within egg/and chicken can pose serious health problem. Good hygienic practices are important to reduce risk factors of salmonella contamination.

scholarly journals Early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse and its associated risk factors among married postpartum women who visited public hospitals of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247769
Author(s):  
Tariku Bekela Gadisa ◽  
Mengistu Welday G/Michael ◽  
Mihretab Mehari Reda ◽  
Beyene Dorsisa Aboma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction Postpartum sexual resumption without the use of contraception is a risk for unintended and closely spaced pregnancies. Although counseling related to the resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse is a key component of postpartum sexual health, it is not widely addressed during the postnatal period. Thus, this study aimed to assess the early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse and its associated risk factors among married postpartum women who visited public hospitals of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia, for child immunization services. Methods The facility-based cross-sectional study design was undertaken, and a systematic random sampling technique was carried out to select 330 participants. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire from August to September 2019. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A bivariate analysis was used to determine the significance of the association. Variables that showed association in the bivariate analysis at p-value <0.2 were fitted into a multivariable logistic regression model to control for confounders, and the significance of association was determined at p-value <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Approximately 53.9% of the respondents practiced early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse. Factors such as low income (AOR = 0.19 (95% CI = 0.10-.37)), monogamous marriage 3.78(1.32–10.79), practicing sexual intercourse during pregnancy (AOR = 4.55 (95% CI = 1.29–15.97)), a cesarean delivery (AOR = 0.06 95%CI = (0.03–0.15)) and use of contraceptives (AOR = 3.7(95%CI = 1.92–7.14)) were significantly associated with early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse. Conclusion and recommendation The findings of this study suggested that, most postpartum mothers resumed sexual intercourse during the early postpartum period and its associated risk factors include low income, monogamous marriage, practicing sexual intercourse during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, and use of contraceptives. Discussion with couples about postpartum sexual health during the antenatal and postnatal period is crucial to prevent unwanted pregnancies and adverse health outcomes.

scholarly journals Atorvastatin-Induced Myalgia in Iranian Patients: A Hospital-Based Study to Determine the Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Dastan ◽  
Jamshid Salamzadeh ◽  
Ali Saffaei ◽  
Yasaman Nabavi ◽  
Mohammad Abbasinazari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Model ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Statins are associated with several muscle complaints, such as: myositis, myalgia, muscle weakness, muscle spasms and rhabdomyolysis. Age, race, gender, dose of statin, concomitant medications, concomitant disorders and genetics have been reported as the most important risk factor for statin-induced myalgia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of atorvastatin-induced myalgia in hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a questionnaire was developed by expert panel opinions. The questionnaire was included various items regarding demographic data and myalgia evaluation factors. Seven hundred patients were included in the study and necessary data were gathered. Finally, the data were analyzed and a statistical model was designed to predict the myalgia risk factors. Results: The rate of myalgia was 44.3% among studied patients. By developing a multivariate logistic model, female gender (OR= 0.47, P-value<0.001) was one of the most important factors in myalgia occurrence. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that gender, age, atorvastatin dose, duration of atorvastatin usage and presence of myotoxic disease are the main predictors of myalgia in Iranian population. Hence, the findings of this study can be considered to predict the myalgia incidence risk in Iranian population.

scholarly journals Hookworm infection and associated risk factors among clinically confirmed podoconiosis patients and healthy residents in Debre Elias district, East Gojjam Zone

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Alemu ◽  
Habtie Tesfa ◽  
Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke ◽  
Yalewayker Tegegne ◽  
Yibeltal Aschale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Hookworm is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The prevalence of Hookworm and associated factors among podoconiosis patients and healthy residents has not been studied.Objective to determine the prevalence of Hookworm and associated risk factors among podoconiosis patients and healthy residents.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Elias from January to February 2018. One hundred ninety two participants were included. Stool sample was collected for microscopy, kato-katz and formalin ether concentration technique. Logistic regressions were performed to assess association between variables. P-value < 0.05 was used as statistically significant.Result The prevalence of Hookworm among podoconiosis patients was 84.4% and 75% among control. Hookworm infection was relatively higher among podoconiosis patients 52.9%. Higher age group, illiterate and farmers more affected with high proportion of podoconiosis patients. Being a formers, no history of stool examination and no shoe wearing habit were significantly associated with hookworm infection (AOR = 4.1; 95% CI= (1.65- 10.11)), (AOR = 3.03; 95% CI= (1.11-8.25)) and (AOR= 3.9; 95% CI= (1.11-14.24) respectively.

scholarly journals Risk factors of early and late preterm birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Upanish Oli ◽  
Radhika Upreti ◽  
Neebha Ojha ◽  
Meeta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the major causes of morbidity in newborn. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to compare the associated risk factors of early and late PTB. This was a hospital-based cross sectional study conducted in 2016/2017. Women, 271, having PTB at 28-33+6 weeks period of gestation was taken as early PTB and 34-36+6 were taken as late PTB. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire, patients’ record book, adopting face- to - face interview technique and clinical examination. The annual prevalence of PTB was 7.25% of which 11% were <28+0 weeks, early PTB was 32% and late PTB was 57%. Mother with school education were 2.0 times more likely to have early preterm births than those having higher education (P-value: 0.005, COR: 2.061,95% CI:1.234-3.441). Mothers with positive history of PTB in any of previous pregnancy was 10.7 times more likely to have early PTB in current pregnancy (P-value: <0.001, COR: 10.677, 95% CI: 2.792 – 40.746). Both variables were found to have independent risk on early PTB in logistic regression analysis (education: P-value: 0.027, aOR: 2.973, 95% CI: 1.132- 3.047; previous history of PTB: P-value: 0.002, aOR: 9.191, 95% CI: 2.308 - 36.596). Early and late PTB have differential risk factors. Mothers with positive history of PTB and having lower level of education were more likely to have early PTB.

scholarly journals Magnitude of spontaneous preterm birth and its associated factors among preterm birth in NICU wards in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Asella, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052110346
Author(s):  
Techane Sisay Tuji ◽  
Addisu Dabi Wake ◽  
Gezahegn Badeg Adere ◽  
Aselefu Beka Wedajo ◽  
Batu Dekeba Obole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective To assess the prevalence of spontaneous preterm births and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods This single-centre cross-sectional study enrolled women that experienced a preterm birth as registered on the neonatal log-book between 30 December 2019 and 30 December 2020. A pre-tested structured checklist was used to collect data (sociodemographic characteristics; obstetric-related factors; medical history; and pregnancy-related factors). Bivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth. A multivariate model identified significant independent risk factors. Results A total of 310 patients participated in the study. The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in this population was 67.1% (208 of 310; 95% confidence interval [CI] 61.5, 71.9). Patients without a partner (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.470, 95% CI 1.23, 4.42), patients residing in a rural area (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.123, 5.513) and those with a history of PIH during their current pregnancy (AOR = 0.104, 95% CI 0.053, 0.014) were significantly more likely to have a spontaneous preterm birth. Conclusion The prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth in in this study was high. Healthcare providers and all stakeholders should focus on screening pregnant women at the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, associated risk factors and its relationship with academic performance among graduating female university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e043814
Author(s):  
Mesfin Tadese ◽  
Andargachew Kassa ◽  
Abebaw Abeje Muluneh ◽  
Girma Altaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesThe study aimed to provide an association between dysmenorrhoea and academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Further, the study attempts to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of dysmenorrhoea.Design and methodInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 April to 28 April 2019. A semistructured and pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance were performed to model dysmenorrhoea and academic performance, respectively.Setting and participantsEthiopia (2019: n=647 female university students).OutcomesThe primary outcome is dysmenorrhoea, which has been defined as painful menses that prevents normal activity and requires medication. The self-reported cumulative grade point average of students was used as a proxy measure of academic performance, which is the secondary outcome.ResultsThe prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 317 (51.5%). The educational status of father (adjusted OR (AOR) (95% CI) 2.64 (1.04 to 6.66)), chocolate consumption (AOR (95% CI) 3.39 (95% 1.28 to 8.93)), daily breakfast intake (<5 days/week) (AOR (95% CI) 0.63 (0.42 to 0.95)), irregular menstrual cycle AOR (95% CI) 2.34 (1.55 to 3.54)) and positive family history of dysmenorrhoea AOR (95% CI) 3.29 (2.25 to 4.81)) had statistically significant association with dysmenorrhoea. There was no statistically significant difference in academic performance among students with and without dysmenorrhoea (F (3611)=1.276, p=0.28)).ConclusionsDysmenorrhoea was a common health problem among graduating University students. However, it has no statistically significant impact on academic performance. Reproductive health officers should educate and undermine the negative academic consequences of dysmenorrhoea to reduce the physical and psychological stress that happens to females and their families.

scholarly journals Occurrence, associated risk factors, and treatment of surgical site infections in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 205873922096054
Author(s):  
Faiz Ullah Khan ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Zakir Khan ◽  
Farman Ullah Khan ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Globally, surgical site infections are one of the common infections which lead to a large amount of mortality and morbidity in postsurgical care. The risk for surgical site infection is multidimensional which includes mainly; patient, surgery, and hospital-related factors. This study is aimed to determine the burden of SSIs along with contributed risk factors. A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the largest public-sector hospitals in Pakistan. A total of 412 patients were recruited in the study with full consent and monitored for 30 days after surgery with direct and indirect surveillance. Overall, in seven different surgical procedures the incidence (29.8%) rate of SSI was observed; in appendectomy ( n = 17, 4.1%), exploratory laparotomy ( n = 51, 12.6%), laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( n = 12, 2.90%), mesh repair ( n = 17, 4.01%), thyroidectomy (5, 1.2%), transurethral resection of the prostate ( n = 11, 2.6%), and transurethral resection of the bladder (10, 2.4%). The average SSI rate in every single procedure was about 18 (4.27%) per surgical procedure out of 123 (29.85%) SSI cases. Types of SSI identified were superficial, deep incisional and organ/space ( n = 76, 18.4%, n = 23, 5.5%, and n = 24, 5.7%). Incidence of SSIs during admission, at readmission, and post-surveillance cases were ( n = 50, 12.1%, n = 25, 6.0% and n = 48, 11.6%). Associated risk factors found contributed to the incidence of SSI ( p < 0.05). Pre-operative ( n = 348, 84.5%) and 6 (1.5%) surgical patients did not received the post-operative antibiotics. The P. aeruginosa ( n = 15, 12.1%) and S. aureus (13, 10.5%). Cefoperazone and sulbactam were the most prescribed antibiotics. Associated risk factors and treatment outcomes of surgical patients have a direct association with the incidence of SSI. Hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship, implementation of surgical guidelines, patient care, and education are needed to develop at wards level in hospitals.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Animen Ayehu ◽  
Yibeltal Aschale ◽  
Wossenseged Lemma ◽  
Animut Alebel ◽  
Ligabaw Worku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.

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