Hookworm infection and associated risk factors among clinically confirmed podoconiosis patients and healthy residents in Debre Elias district, East Gojjam Zone

Abstract Background Hookworm is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The prevalence of Hookworm and associated factors among podoconiosis patients and healthy residents has not been studied.Objective to determine the prevalence of Hookworm and associated risk factors among podoconiosis patients and healthy residents.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Elias from January to February 2018. One hundred ninety two participants were included. Stool sample was collected for microscopy, kato-katz and formalin ether concentration technique. Logistic regressions were performed to assess association between variables. P-value < 0.05 was used as statistically significant.Result The prevalence of Hookworm among podoconiosis patients was 84.4% and 75% among control. Hookworm infection was relatively higher among podoconiosis patients 52.9%. Higher age group, illiterate and farmers more affected with high proportion of podoconiosis patients. Being a formers, no history of stool examination and no shoe wearing habit were significantly associated with hookworm infection (AOR = 4.1; 95% CI= (1.65- 10.11)), (AOR = 3.03; 95% CI= (1.11-8.25)) and (AOR= 3.9; 95% CI= (1.11-14.24) respectively.

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in an Elderly Population from Eastern China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16224383 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (22) ◽

pp. 4383 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andong Ji ◽

Chunlei Pan ◽

Hongxia Wang ◽

Zhezhen Jin ◽

Joseph H. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Eastern China ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global major public health problem. Almost all of previous studies evaluating the prevalence of CKD focused on adults, while studies among the elderly were relatively rare, especially in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD among the elderly in Qingdao, China. This was a cross-sectional study with 38,038 inhabitants (aged 60–109) randomly recruited in Qingdao, China. All participants were required to complete a questionnaire for their demographic characteristics. Blood and urine samples of participants were collected, and the albumin and creatinine levels were measured for albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessment. The associations between risk factors and indicators of kidney damage were analyzed by logistic regression. A total of 34,588 inhabitants completed the survey. The overall prevalence of CKD was 11.41% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.07–11.74%) in the elders from Qingdao in 2016. The prevalence of albuminuria and low eGFR (<60 mL/min per 1·73 m²) were 8.47% (95% CI: 8.17–8.76%) and 3.98% (95% CI: 3.78–4.19%), respectively. Older age, hypertension, diabetes, anemia, hyperuricemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and LDL-C ≥ 4.1 mmol/L were independently associated with the presence of CKD. In conclusion, common chronic non-communicable diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, were associated with greater prevalence of CKD.

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A cross-sectional study of predictors of hypertension among tribal women in Western Maharashtra

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204731 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 4365

Author(s):

Shalini Rawat ◽

Ashwini Yadav ◽

Kamaxi Bhate

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Training Centre

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem and also major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and severity of hypertension increases with age, and it becomes difficult to control blood pressure with increasing age particularly in women. Thus present study aims to explores the risk factors contributing for hypertension among women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Community Medicine Department for one month duration September to October 2017. All the women reporting to general OPD for routine visit to RHTC were included. Informed consent was obtained. The participants who were already known hypertensives and were already on medication were excluded. Total 200 subjects were included in the study. Percentages, chi-square test and P-value were calculated using Epi Info software.Results: Out of total 200 women maximum were in the age group of 40-60 years (64%) followed by (22.5%)in 60-70 years. 40% of women were found to be normotensive, 16% were in stage one 12% were in stage two and 32% were showing elevated blood pressure. Hypertension was found to be significantly associated with modifiable risk factors like BMI, physical activity, waist circumference. 66.66% of women who were obese were found to be hypertensive. 91.91% of women who had family history of hypertension were themselves hypertensive and 97 (48.5%) women who had diabetes out of them 82.47% were both diabetic as well as hypertensive.Conclusions: Screening, detection and treatment of NCDs, are key components of the response to non-communicable diseases.

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Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2018/5751743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Animen Ayehu ◽

Yibeltal Aschale ◽

Wossenseged Lemma ◽

Animut Alebel ◽

Ligabaw Worku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Leishmania Donovani ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Control Measures ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Study Participants

Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.

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Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Women from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56830-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nora A. AlFaris ◽

Nora M. AlKehayez ◽

Fatema I. AlMushawah ◽

AbdulRhman N. AlNaeem ◽

Nadia D. AlAmri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an epidemic public health problem worldwide. It is common in the Middle East and is more severe in women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in women living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 166 women aged 30–65 years. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics, as well as intake of selected dietary supplements, were collected. Weight and height were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was reported in 60.2% of participants. Mean of serum 25(OH)D was 20.7 ng/mL. Older age and taking the supplements of vitamin D, multi-vitamins or calcium were identified as factors that associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D. A national strategy is needed to control a hypovitaminosis D crisis in Saudi Arabia. This could be accomplished by raising public awareness regarding vitamin D, regulating and enhancing vitamin D fortification and supplementation and screening vitamin D status among women at high risk.

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Magnitude and Associated Factors of Delayed Immunization Among Children Aged 11 -23 Months in Edagahamus town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018.

10.21203/rs.2.11295/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Merhawit Gebremeskel Hagos ◽

Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel ◽

Selam Shushay Kassahun ◽

Birhane Hailu Gebrezgi ◽

Manay Kifle Woldegebriel

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Education ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽

Keywords Child ◽

Disease Epidemics

Abstract Background: Delay in receiving immunization is a major public health problem that has been associated with vaccine-preventable disease epidemics. In Ethiopia, many children have not received the benefits of age-appropriate immunization; thus more than 90% of child deaths are largely due to preventable communicable diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study to assess the magnitude and factors associated with delayed immunization among 12 -23 months old children’s in Edagahamus Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, and 2018 G.C. Methods: A community-based Cross-Sectional study was carried out on July1-30, 2018. A simple random sampling method was used to select study participants. Information was collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Vaccination dates were obtained from children’s immunization cards and timeliness assessed based on the recommended age ranges. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Variable with P-value < 0.2 in bivariate was exported to multivariate. The strength of association was identified using the odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) and the P-value of <0.05 in multivariate was taken statistically significant. Results: In this study, the overall magnitude of delayed immunization was 29.5% (95%CI 26.7-45). Private firm work of mothers (AOR=0.205 95% CI 0.068-0.617) and Mothers who attend tertiary education (AOR 0.169, 95% CI 0.032-0.882) and secondary education (AOR 0.269, 95% CI 0.114-0.636) had the protective effect of delayed immunization. But the sickness of the child (AOR= 11.8, 95% CI 6.16-22.65) was a risk for delayed immunization. Conclusions: From the study, it is concluded that the magnitude of delayed immunization for children aged 12-23 months is high (29.5%) in Edagahamus. Delayed immunizations of children were predicted by the Mother's occupation, education, and the mother considered the child was too ill to undertake vaccination when it was due. Keywords: Child immunization, Delay to be immunized, Vaccine-preventable diseases

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Varanasi

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2017/5491838 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Shikha Singh ◽

Ravi Shankar ◽

Gyan Prakash Singh

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multistage Sampling ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

And Control

Hypertension is a major public health problem and important area of research due to its high prevalence and being major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications.Objectives. (1) To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors and (2) to estimate awareness, treatment, and adequacy of control of hypertension among study subjects.Methods and Materials. A community based cross-sectional study with multistage sampling design was conducted among urban population of Varanasi. A modified WHO STEPS interview schedule on 640 study subjects aged 25–64 years was used.Results. The prevalence of hypertension was 32.9% (male: 40.9%, female: 26.0%). Mean systolic and diastolic BP were 124.25 ± 15.05 mmHg and 83.45 ± 9.49 mmHg, respectively. Higher odds of being hypertensive were found in male subjects, eldest age group, married subjects, subjects of upper socioeconomic status, illiterate subjects, and retired subjects. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were also associated with hypertension. Out of the total hypertensive 211 subjects, only 81 (38.4%) were aware about their hypertension status; out of those, 57 (70.4%) were seeking treatment and 20 (35.08%) had their blood pressure adequately controlled.Conclusion. Around one-third of the subjects were hypertensive and half of the study subjects were prehypertensive in this area. The awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure were also very low.

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PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIBIOGRAM AND RISK FACTORS OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM LAYING CHICKEN, POULTRY FARM AND MARKET’S EGGS IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA

10.21203/rs.2.11223/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Diriba Taddese ◽

Tadele Tolosa ◽

Benti Deresa ◽

Matios lakow ◽

Abebe Olani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Reduce Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Western Ethiopia

Abstract Objectives Salmonella is the most important causes of foodborne illness especially from poultry and poultry products. So the aim of this study was to carryout phenotypic characterization, antimicrobials susceptibility pattern and risk factors of salmonella isolates from farms and markets eggs, cloacae swabs of chickens and stool of egg collectors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to September 2018. Samples were, processed; salmonella was isolated, Phenotypically identified by OmniLog and antimicrobials susceptibility were carried out. Result Over all; 11(2.65%) of salmonella enterica were phenotipically characterized out of 415 samples from farms egg content (n=83), farms eggshell (n=83), cloacae (n=83), market eggshell (n=83) and market egg contents (n=83) with 2.4%, 0%, 2.4%, 4.8% and 3.6% prevalence, respectively. Out of isolates, 8(72.72%) displayed multidrug resistance. All isolates showed susceptibility to Gentamicin, Kanamycin and Streptomycin. Lack of separating cracked eggs, washing hand, eggs stay longer unsold, and mixing excreta with feed were associated risk factors for salmonella presence (p-value<0.05). The presence of drug resistant salmonella enterica within egg/and chicken can pose serious health problem. Good hygienic practices are important to reduce risk factors of salmonella contamination.

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Knowledge regarding lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in rural community

International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive ◽

10.53771/ijbpsa.2021.2.1.0064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 062-071

Author(s):

Priti Lata Mondal ◽

Jayanta Sadhu ◽

Abdul Karim ◽

Beauty Begum

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Rural Community ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, making it a major public health problem in Bangladesh also. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Joykhali village, Batiaghata upazilla in Khulna district from January to December 2019 to assess the level of knowledge regarding lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in rural community. A total of 288 people were selected from each house by conveniently. Data were collected by using pre tested semi-structured questionnaire with face-to-face interview. Out of the 288 respondents, 43 (14.9%) had good knowledge while others had average (n=211, 73.3%) and poor (n=34, 11.8%) knowledge regarding risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Only 25 (8.7%) respondents had good knowledge while others had average (n=190, 66.0%) and poor (n=73, 25.3%) knowledge regarding sign and symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Majority of the respondents (61.1%) had good knowledge while others had average (n=105, 36.5%) and poor (n=7, 2.4%) knowledge regarding prevention of cardiovascular disease. There is an apparent need to establish more wide-spread and effective educational intervention, which should be sensitive to the abilities of targeted individuals.

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ANTIBIOGRAMS AND RISK FACTORS OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM LAYING HENS AND EGGS IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA

10.21203/rs.2.11223/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Diriba Taddese ◽

Tadele Tolosa ◽

Benti Deresa ◽

Matios lakow ◽

Abebe Olani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Reduce Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Western Ethiopia

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Prevalence and role of risk factors for hypertension in 18-69 years of age in rural and urban areas of district Amritsar, Punjab, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170273 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 460 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chasham Mitra ◽

Mohan Lal ◽

Tejbir Singh ◽

S. S. Deepti

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem in India and its prevalence is high among rural and urban population. All the risk factors of lifestyle are known to cause the early onset and rapid worsening of hypertension.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted. 1000 participants (500 rural and 500 urban) between the age group of 18-69 years were selected by systematic random sampling method from 5 villages and 5 urban wards of Amritsar city. Out of total, 500 males and 500 females were selected.Results: This study shows that 332 (33.2%) participants were hypertensive out of total 1000. The chances of Hypertension are directly proportional to age and shows peak between 50-59 years of age, 86 (59.72%). The prevalence among males and females was 32.4% and 34% respectively. Hypertension is highest in respondents with body mass index (BMI >30) i.e. 53.43%. The prevalence of hypertension was slightly higher among smokers than non-smokers and among vegetarians than non- vegetarians.Conclusions:Hence, it becomes necessary to adopt a lifestyle with regular physical activity for at-least 30 min a day, for 5 days of the week, to decrease prevalence of obesity and to maintain BMI within normal range. Thus awareness among communities should be raised regarding prevention of the risk factors for hypertension.

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