A case-crossover study to investigate the effects of atmospheric particulate matter concentrations, season and air temperature on accident and emergency presentations for cardiovascular events

Abstract ABSTRACT Background: Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has multiple adverse effects on human health; high temperatures are also associated with adverse health outcomes; and the frequency of cardiovascular events (CVEs) varies with season. We investigated a hypothesized increase in PM-related accident and emergency (A&E) presentations for CVE with temperature, season, days of high influenza incidence, and in persons with a cancer diagnosis. Methods: This was a time-stratified case-crossover study in which patients served as their own controls on days without A&E presentation. Outcomes were associations of A&E presentation for CVE with atmospheric PM ≤10μm (PM10), season, air temperature and influenza incidence. PM10 in municipality of residence (exposure variable) were estimated by modelling data from local monitoring stations. Conditional logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for presentations in relation to supposed influencers, adjusting for confounders. Separate analyses were performed on persons with a cancer diagnosis. Study participants were all who presented at the A&E of a large hospital near Milan, Italy, for a CVE (ICD-9: 390-459) from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2015. Results: There were 1349 A&E presentations for CVE in 2014-2015 and 5390 control days. Risk of A&E presentation was significantly increased (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.05-1.71) when PM10 was high (as mean PM10 on day of presentation, and 1 and 2 days before [lags 0-2]) on hot days and (for lag 0) in autumn (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.09-1.37) and winter (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.01-1.38). Risks were also significantly increased when PM10 was on lag 1, in people with a cancer diagnosis in the spring and summer months (1.88, 95%CI 1.05-3.37), and on days (lags 0-2) of high influenza incidence (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.01-5.43). Conclusions: Greater risk of A&E presentation for CVE in periods of high PM10 and high temperature suggests that “safe” thresholds for PM10 should be temperature dependent and that the adverse effects of PM10 will increase as temperatures increase due to climate change.

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A Case-Crossover Study to Investigate the Effects of Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentrations, Season, and Air Temperature on Accident and Emergency Presentations for Cardiovascular Events in Northern Italy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16234627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (23) ◽

pp. 4627 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paolo Contiero ◽

Roberto Boffi ◽

Giovanna Tagliabue ◽

Alessandra Scaburri ◽

Andrea Tittarelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

High Temperature ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Crossover Study ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Case Crossover ◽

Accident And Emergency

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has multiple adverse effects on human health, high temperatures are also associated with adverse health outcomes, and the frequency of cardiovascular events (CVEs) varies with season. We investigated a hypothesized increase in PM-related accident and emergency (A&E) presentations for CVE with high temperature, warm season, days of high influenza incidence, and in people with a cancer diagnosis, using a time-stratified case-crossover study design. Outcomes were associations of A&E presentation for CVE with atmospheric PM ≤ 10 μm (PM10), season, and air temperature. PM10 levels in the municipality of residence (exposure variable) were estimated by modeling data from local monitoring stations. Conditional logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for presentations in relation to supposed influencers, adjusting for confounders. Study participants were all who presented at the A&E of a large hospital near Milan, Italy, for a CVE (ICD-9: 390–459) from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2015. There were 1349 A&E presentations for CVE in 2014–2015 and 5390 control days. Risk of A&E presentation was significantly increased on hot days with OR 1.34 (95%CI 1.05–1.71) per 10 μg/m3 PM10 increment (as mean PM10 on day of presentation, and 1 and 2 days before (lags 0–2)), and (for lag 0) in autumn (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.09–1.37) and winter (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.01–1.38). Risks were also significantly increased when PM10 was on lag 1, in people with a cancer diagnosis in the spring and summer months (1.88, 95%CI 1.05–3.37), and on days (lags 0–2) of high influenza incidence (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.01–5.43). PM10 levels exceeded the 50 μg/m3 “safe” threshold recommended by the WHO and Italian legislation for only 3.8% of days during the warm periods of 2014–2015. Greater risk of A&E presentation for CVE in periods of high PM10 and high temperature suggests that “safe” thresholds for PM10 should be temperature-dependent and that the adverse effects of PM10 will increase as temperatures increase due to climate change.

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Biomarkers for the adverse effects on respiratory system health associated with atmospheric particulate matter exposure

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126760 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126760

Author(s):

Caixia Guo ◽

Songqing Lv ◽

Yufan Liu ◽

Yanbo Li

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Atmospheric Particulate ◽

Particulate Matter Exposure

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Identification of Major Contributors in Atmospheric Particulate Matters to Oxidative Stress by Using Surrogate Particles

Environmental Science Nano ◽

10.1039/d0en01102a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keda Zhao ◽

Min-Jie Li ◽

Li-Xia Zhao ◽

Nan Sang ◽

Liang-Hong Guo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Particulate Matters ◽

Complex Composition ◽

Atmospheric Particulate

Oxidative stress is a unifying mechanism of atmospheric particulate matter (PM)-induced adverse effects. Due to their complex composition the role of PM constituents in triggering oxidative stress remains unclear. We...

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Fine urban atmospheric particulate matter modulates inflammatory gene and protein expression in human bronchial epithelial cells

Frontiers in Bioscience ◽

10.2741/2100 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 771 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Augustin Baulig

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽

Atmospheric Particulate ◽

Bronchial Epithelial ◽

Inflammatory Gene ◽

Gene And Protein Expression

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TAXONOMIC AND MINERALOGICAL ANALYSES OF AGGLUTINATED TESTATE AMOEBAE AND FORAMINIFERA AND THE APPLICATION OF TESTATE AMOEBAE IN ASSESSING THE SPREAD OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER

10.1130/abs/2018am-323322 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa K. Lobegeier ◽

◽

Christopher G. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Testate Amoebae ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Atmospheric Particulate

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Emerging applications of microfluidic techniques for in vitro toxicity studies of atmospheric particulate matter

Aerosol Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/02786826.2021.1879373 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Fobang Liu ◽

Nga Lee Ng ◽

Hang Lu

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

Atmospheric Particulate ◽

Toxicity Studies

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Effects of urban atmospheric particulate matter on higher plants using Lycopersicon esculentum as model species

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04745-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Katalin Hubai ◽

Nora Kováts ◽

Gábor Teke

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Protein Content ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Atmospheric Particulate ◽

Wide Range ◽

Treatment Experiment

AbstractAtmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the major environmental concerns in Europe. A wide range of studies has proved the ecotoxic potential of atmospheric particles. PM exerts chemical stress on vegetation by its potentially toxic constituents; however, relatively few studies are available on assessing phytotoxic effects under laboratory conditions. In our study, aqueous extract of particulate matter was prepared and used for treatment. Experiment was following the procedure defined by the No. 227 OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: Terrestrial Plant Test. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were used; elucidated toxicity was assessed based on morphological and biochemical endpoints such as biomass, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, and protein content. Biomass reduction and protein content showed a clear dose–effect relationship; the biomass decreased in comparison with the control (100%) in all test groups (TG) at a steady rate (TG1: 87.73%; TG2: 71.77%; TG3: 67.01%; TG4: 63.63%). The tendency in protein concentrations compared to the control was TG1: 113.61%; TG2: 148.21% TG3: 160.52%; TG4: 157.31%. However, pigments showed a ‘Janus-faced’ effect: nutrient content of the sample caused slight increase at lower doses; actual toxicity became apparent only at higher doses (chlorophyll-a concentration decrease was 84.47% in TG4, chlorophyll-b was 77.17%, and finally, carotene showed 83.60% decrease in TG4).

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