scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Hookworm Infections in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammed Mogaji ◽  
Gabriel Adewunmi Dedeke ◽  
Babatunde Saheed Bada ◽  
Samuel O. Bankole ◽  
Adejuwon Adeniji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
Hookworm Infections

Abstract Background Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Hookworm infections poses a considerable public health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa, and a sound understanding of their spatial distribution facilitates to better target control interventions. This study, therefore, assessed the prevalence of the trio, and mapped their spatial distribution in the 20 administrative regions of Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods Parasitological surveys were carried out in 1,499 households across 33 spatially selected communities. Fresh stool samples were collected from 1,027 consenting participants and processed using ether concentration method. Households were georeferenced using a GPS device while demographic data were obtained using a standardized form. Data were analysed using SPSS software and visualizations and plotting maps were made in ArcGIS software. Results Findings showed that 19 of the 20 regions were endemic for one or more kind of the three infections, with an aggregated prevalence of 17.2%. Ascariasis was the most spatially distributed found in 28 communities, with 140(13.6%) infected subjects, followed by Hookworm infection in 19 communities, with 47(4.6%) infected subjects and Trichuriasis in 9 communities, with 17(1.7%) infected subjects. The spatial distribution of infections ranges between 5.3 – 49.2% across the regions. The highest and lowest distribution was recorded in Yewa South and Yewa North respectively. By WHO preventive chemotherapy thresholds, 9 regions had infection status between 20.0%-49.2%, while 10 regions had infection status between 5.3%-15.8%. Conclusion This study provides information on the prevalence and spatial risk of Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Hookworm infection that will serve as decision-support tool to help facilitate targeting of control interventions.

scholarly journals Distribution of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0233423
Author(s):  
Hammed Oladeji Mogaji ◽  
Gabriel Adewunmi Dedeke ◽  
Babatunde Saheed Bada ◽  
Samuel Bankole ◽  
Adejuwon Adeniji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Hookworm Infections

scholarly journals The spatial distribution of Schistosoma mansoni infection in four regions of western Côte d’Ivoire

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin K. Assaré ◽  
Ying-Si Lai ◽  
Ahoua Yapi ◽  
Yves-Nathan T. Tian-Bi ◽  
Mamadou Ouattara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Schistosomiasis poses a considerable public health burden in sub- Saharan Africa and a sound understanding of the spatial distribution facilitates to better target control interventions. The objectives of this study were i) to assess the prevalence of <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> among school-aged children in four regions of western Côte d’Ivoire; ii) to determine demographic, climatic and environmental factors that influence the distribution of <em>S. mansoni</em>; and iii) to map and predict the distribution of S. mansoni in non-sampled locations. Parasitological surveys were carried out in 264 schools from June to December 2011. In each school, we aimed to examine 50 children for <em>S. mansoni</em> infection using duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. Schools were georeferenced using a hand-held global positioning system receiver. Demographic data were obtained from readily available school lists, while climatic and environmental data were extracted from open-access remote sensing databases. Multivariable, binary non-spatial models and a Bayesian geostatistical logistic regression model were used to identify demographic, climatic and environmental risk factors for S. mansoni infection. Risk maps were developed based on observed <em>S. mansoni</em> prevalences and using Bayesian geostatistical models to predict prevalences at non-sampled locations. Overall, 12,462 children provided a sufficiently large stool sample to perform at least one Kato-Katz thick smear. The observed overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 39.9%, ranging from 0 to 100% at the unit of the school. Bayesian geostatistical analysis revealed that age, sex, altitude and difference between land surface temperature at day and night were significantly associated with <em>S. mansoni</em> infection. The <em>S. mansoni</em> risk map presented here is being been used by the national schistosomiasis control programme for spatial targeting of praziquantel and other interventions.

scholarly journals Detection of diarrhoea associated rotavirus and co-infection with diarrhoeagenic pathogens in the Littoral region of Cameroon using ELISA, RT-PCR and Luminex xTAG GPP assays

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahinatou N. Ghapoutsa ◽  
Maurice Boda ◽  
Rashi Gautam ◽  
Valantine Ngum Ndze ◽  
Akongnwi E. Mugyia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite the global roll-out of rotavirus vaccines (RotaTeq/Rotarix / ROTAVAC/Rotasiil), mortality and morbidity due to group A rotavirus (RVA) remains high in sub-Saharan Africa, causing 104,000 deaths and 600,000 hospitalizations yearly. In Cameroon, Rotarix™ was introduced in March 2014, but, routine laboratory diagnosis of rotavirus infection is not yet a common practice, and vaccine effectiveness studies to determine the impact of vaccine introduction have not been done. Thus, studies examining RVA prevalence post vaccine introduction are needed. The study aim was to determine RVA prevalence in severe diarrhoea cases in Littoral region, Cameroon and investigate the role of other diarrheagenic pathogens in RVA-positive cases. Methods We carried out a study among hospitalized children < 5 years of age, presenting with acute gastroenteritis in selected hospitals of the Littoral region of Cameroon, from May 2015 to April 2016. Diarrheic stool samples and socio-demographic data including immunization and breastfeeding status were collected from these participating children. Samples were screened by ELISA (ProSpecT™ Rotavirus) for detection of RVA antigen and by gel-based RT-PCR for detection of the VP6 gene. Co-infection was assessed by multiplexed molecular detection of diarrheal pathogens using the Luminex xTAG GPP assay. Results The ELISA assay detected RVA antigen in 54.6% (71/130) of specimens, with 45, positive by VP6 RT-PCR and 54, positive using Luminex xTAG GPP. Luminex GPP was able to detect all 45 VP6 RT-PCR positive samples. Co-infections were found in 63.0% (34/54) of Luminex positive RVA infections, with Shigella (35.3%; 12/34) and ETEC (29.4%; 10/34) detected frequently. Of the 71 ELISA positive RVA cases, 57.8% (41/71) were fully vaccinated, receiving two doses of Rotarix. Conclusion This study provides insight on RVA prevalence in Cameroon, which could be useful for post-vaccine epidemiological studies, highlights higher than expected RVA prevalence in vaccinated children hospitalized for diarrhoea and provides the trend of RVA co-infection with other enteric pathogens. RVA genotyping is needed to determine circulating rotavirus genotypes in Cameroon, including those causing disease in vaccinated children.

Estimation of thermal inertia of Abeokuta Ogun State, southwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.I. Kuforiji ◽  
O.D. Akinyemi ◽  
M.A. Busari ◽  
R. Bello
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Ogun State

scholarly journals Posterior segment eye diseases in Ijebu, Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Tayo Julius Bogunjoko ◽  
Adekunle O. Hassan ◽  
Adunola Ogunro ◽  
Toyin Akanbi ◽  
Bidemi Abudu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Age Related

Background: To review cases of posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) seen at the Eye Foundation Centre Ijebu, Nigeria in a 5 year period for planning purposes.Methods: Data was collected from patients’ case notes from January 2006 to December 2011. A systematic sampling of 468 patients from 1173 case notes of patient with (PSEDs) was done. Information retrieved was: age, sex, state of residence and diagnosis. All patients were examined by the glaucoma and the vitroretinal specialist as the case may be. They had visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp examination (including intraocular pressure (IOP) with Goldman applanation tonometer), and dilated fundoscopy with (bilateral indirect ophthalmoscopy) BIO, slit lamp using 20 D, 78 D and 90 D respectively. The glaucoma patients in addition had central visual field (CVF), Central cornea thickness (CCT), fundus photograph and in some cases optical coherence tomography (OCT) done in addition to the above.Results: The mean age was 59.98 years (SD 17.67) and the age range is 5-95 years. Males outnumbered females by 63% to 37%. The diseases were more common in age group 61 to 80. Patients’ attendances were mostly from Ijebu division of Ogun state (57%). Glaucoma is the commonest cause of attendance 262 (56%) followed by diabetic retinopathy 29 (6.2%) and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) 28 (6.0%).Conclusions: Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and ARMD were noted as the commonest PSEDs in Ijebu division in Southwestern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Stigmatising Attitudes Towards Co-workers with HIV in the Workplace of a Metropolitan State, Southwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idongesit Godwin Utuk ◽  
Kayode Omoniyi Osungbade ◽  
Taiwo Akinyode Obembe ◽  
David Ayobami Adewole ◽  
Victoria Oluwabunmi Oladoyin
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background:Despite demonstrating global concerns about infection in the workplace, very little research has explored how co-workers react to those living with HIV in the workplace in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the level of stigmatising attitude towards co-workers living with HIV in the workplace.Methods:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving 403 respondents. They were recruited from selected companies through a multistage sampling technique. Survey was carried out using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to generate frequencies, cross tabulations of variables at 5% level of significance. Logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors at 95% confidence intervals.Results:Mean age of respondents was 32.9 ± 9.4 years with 86.1% being females. Overall, slightly below two-third (63.0%) had good knowledge on transmission of HIV/AIDS while 218 (54.1%) respondents had a high stigmatising attitude towards co-workers with HIV in the workplace. More female respondents (69.6%) demonstrated high stigmatising attitudes towards co-workers with HIV in the workplace (p = 0.012). Female workers were twice more likely to have high stigmatising attitudes towards co-worker with HIV [OR 2.1 (95% CI: 1.13 – 3.83)].Conclusion:Stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDs is still very persistent in different settings. Good knowledge amongst our participants about HIV/AIDs did not translate to low stigmatising attitudes among workers. Concerted efforts and trainings on the transmission of HIV/AIDs are essential to reduce stigma that is still very prevalent in workplace settings.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of gamma radiation dose rates from natural radionuclides and its radiological hazards in sediments along river Iju, Ogun state Nigeria

MethodsX ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 101086
Author(s):  
Omeje Maxwell ◽  
Adewoyin Olusegun O. ◽  
Joel Emmanuel S. ◽  
Ikechukwu Ijeh B. ◽  
Omeje Uchechukwu A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Gamma Radiation Dose

scholarly journals Polyparasitism with Malaria and Intestinal Parasite Infections among Infants and Preschool-Aged Children in Egbedore, Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. N. Odoemene ◽  
A. S. Oluwole ◽  
H. O. Mogaji ◽  
M. V. Adegbola ◽  
O. O. Omitola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fresh Stool ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Polyparasitism is widespread in many communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is paucity of data on polyparasitism in infants and preschool-aged children (IPSAC), to inform policy developments. Therefore, a survey of 1110 consented IPSAC was undertaken in Egbedore Local Government Area (LGA), Osun State, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of polyparasitism in IPSAC in ten randomly selected rural communities. Fresh stool and blood samples were collected and processed for intestinal parasites and malaria infection. Mothers/caregivers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to obtain demographic data of their IPSAC and to document knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on parasitic infections. Data obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using EpiData version 3.1, while parasitological data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20.0). Descriptive statistics were computed for demographic data and association which were tested using bivariate analysis at a 95% confidence level while significance was set at p<0.05. The results showed that 349 (46.29%) were infected with a single parasite. Infants and preschool-aged children infected with double, triple, and quadruple parasites are 268 (35.54%), 122 (16.18%), and 15 (1.99%), respectively. The prevalence of polyparasitism is 405 (53.71%). Although females (54.07%) were more infected than males (45.93%), there was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed. Significantly (p<0.05) more preschool children (65.93%) harbour more infections than the infants do (34.07%). Ara community (14.81%) had the highest cases of polyparasitized IPSAC, but no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed across the communities. Double parasitic infection of Plasmodium falciparum and Ascaris lumbricoides (30.12%) and triple parasitic infection of P. falciparum, A. lumbricoides, and T. trichiura (14.81%) were the most common forms of polyparasitism encountered in the study. This study showed that polyparasitism is a burden in IPSAC and needs further investigation.

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