Psychological Distress and Associated Factors among Adult Tuberculosis Patients Attending Public Health Institutions in Dire Dawa and Harar Cities, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study Design
Abstract Background In developing countries the prevalence of psychological distress was higher among tuberculosis patients. Patients with tuberculosis infection were more prone to psychological distress than peoples without tuberculosis. However, little studies were conducted in on psychological distress among tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia, particularly in Eastern Ethiopian public health institution. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted in four hospitals and six health centers that are found in Dire Dawa and Harar cities from January 10 to February 10, 2018. All Tuberculosis patients who fulfil inclusion criteria attending TB treatment in selected Health institution included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection on sociodemographic factors, psychological distress, health related factors, stigma experience and alcohol use. Data was coded, entered and cleaned using Epi Data version 3.1 software and finally exported into SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was carried out. All variables with p value ≤ 0.25 were taken into the multivariate model and P- Value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results The prevalence of psychological distress among tuberculosis in this study population was 63.3% (95% CI: 58.1, 68.1). Being from rural residence (AOR: 1. 98; 95% CI: 1.01,3.86), co-infection TB- HIV (AOR: 2.15; 95% CI:1.02, 4.56), presence of at least one chronic disease (AOR:3.04; 95% CI:1.59,5.79), experience of stigma (AOR: 1.71; 95% CI:1.01, 2.90), Pulmonary and MDR-TB (AOR:2.53; 95% CI:1.50,4.28) and smoking cigarette (AOR:2.53; 95% CI:1.06,6.03) were associated with psychological distress. Conclusion In this study almost two third of the study participant had of psychological distress among tuberculosis patients. Chronic disease morbidities, HIV and TB co-infection and TB discrimination were associated with psychological distress. The co-morbid diagnosis of chronic diseases and TB- HIV co-infection needs more psychological care.