scholarly journals Systematic review on HIV situation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Adal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Priority Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV prevalence in the Addis Ababa is still higher in key and priority populations. Therefore, this systematic review was carried out aiming in determining the prevalence of HIV, mortality rate by HIV/AIDS and predisposing risk factors, identification of hotspot areas, key and priority populations, availability and utilization of services, and challenges and gaps to be addressed for prevention and control of HIV epidemic in Addis Ababa.Methods The documents relevant to address the objectives were collected from online databases Google scholar and PubMed for published works. In addition, unpublished survey and surveillance reports, performance reports and project assessment findings, and mapping results were collected from partner organizations working on HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Results It appears that the HIV prevalence stabilizes, but varies along areas and socio-demographic groups. The most common hot spots in Addis Ababa are areas where bars, groceries, pensions, guest houses, hotels, brothels, massage houses, khat houses, shisha houses, night clubs, drinking establishments and tourist frequented settings are concentrated. The recognized key population (KP) is the female sex workers (FSWs). There is sexual mixing of key and priority populations (KPPs) with the general population. There are various behavioural, biological and socio-economic predisposing risk factors that drive HIV epidemic, and respective behavioural, biomedical and structural intervention measures are identified in the presence of gaps and challenges to address the problem.Conclusions HIV prevalence in Addis Ababa seems stabilized. However, it varies along different groups of the population. There are many behavioural, biological and socio-economic factors that predisposed to HIV/AIDS. Weak monitoring of the quality of interventions, limited linkage of positive clients, lost to follow up, financial shortage, limited man power and coordination, data quality and gaps in use of program data or research findings are some of the gaps and challenges. Therefore, prevention and control measures using behavioural, structural and biomedical interventions through filling of gaps and tackle challenges should be strengthened in order to prevent and control HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Systematic review on HIV situation, gaps and challenges in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Adal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Priority Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV prevalence in the Addis Ababa is still higher in key and priority populations. Therefore, this systematic review was carried out aiming in determining the prevalence of HIV, mortality rate by HIV/AIDS and predisposing risk factors, identification of hotspot areas, key and priority populations, availability and utilization of services, and challenges and gaps to be addressed for prevention and control of HIV epidemic in Addis Ababa.Methods The documents relevant to address the objectives were collected from online databases Google scholar and PubMed for published works. In addition, unpublished survey and surveillance reports, performance reports and project assessment findings, and mapping results were collected from partner organizations working on HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Results It appears that the HIV prevalence stabilizes, but varies along areas and socio-demographic groups. The most common hot spots in Addis Ababa are areas where bars, groceries, pensions, guest houses, hotels, brothels, massage houses, khat houses, shisha houses, night clubs, drinking establishments and tourist frequented settings are concentrated. The recognized key population (KP) is the female sex workers (FSWs). There is sexual mixing of key and priority populations (KPPs) with the general population. There are various behavioural, biological and socio-economic predisposing risk factors that drive HIV epidemic, and respective behavioural, biomedical and structural intervention measures are identified in the presence of gaps and challenges to address the problem.Conclusions HIV prevalence in Addis Ababa seems stabilized. However, it varies along different groups of the population. There are many behavioural, biological and socio-economic factors that predisposed to HIV/AIDS. Weak monitoring of the quality of interventions, limited linkage of positive clients, lost to follow up, financial shortage, limited man power and coordination, data quality and gaps in use of program data or research findings are some of the gaps and challenges. Therefore, prevention and control measures using behavioural, structural and biomedical interventions through filling of gaps and tackle challenges should be strengthened in order to prevent and control HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Systematic review on HIV situation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Adal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Priority Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV prevalence in the Addis Ababa is still higher in key and priority populations. Therefore, this systematic review was carried out aiming in determining the prevalence of HIV and predisposing risk factors, identification of hotspot areas, key and priority populations, availability and utilization of services, and challenges and gaps to be addressed for prevention and control of HIV epidemic in Addis Ababa. Methods The documents relevant to address the objectives were collected from online databases Google scholar and PubMed for published works. In addition, unpublished survey and surveillance reports, performance reports and project assessment findings, and mapping results were collected from partner organizations working on HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Results It appears that the HIV prevalence stabilizes, but varies along areas and socio-demographic groups. The most common hot spots in Addis Ababa are areas where bars, groceries, pensions, guest houses, hotels, brothels, massage houses, khat houses, shisha houses, night clubs, drinking establishments and tourist frequented settings are concentrated. The recognized key population (KP) is the female sex workers (FSWs). There is sexual mixing of key and priority populations (KPPs) with the general population. There are various behavioural, biological and socio-economic predisposing risk factors that drive HIV epidemic, and respective behavioural, biomedical and structural intervention measures are identified in the presence of gaps and challenges to address the problem. Conclusions HIV prevalence in Addis Ababa seems stabilized. However, it varies along different groups of the population. There are many behavioural, biological and socio-economic factors that predisposed to HIV/AIDS. Weak monitoring of the quality of interventions, limited linkage of positive clients, lost to follow up, financial shortage, limited man-power and coordination, data quality and gaps in use of program data or research findings are some of the gaps and challenges. Therefore, prevention and control measures using behavioural, structural and biomedical interventions through filling of gaps and tackle challenges should be strengthened in order to prevent and control HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Hypertension and Diabetes Burden, Risk Factors, and Interventions for Prevention and Control in Malawi: The NCD BRITE Consortium

Global Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Amberbir ◽  
Sabrina H. Lin ◽  
Joshua Berman ◽  
Adamson Muula ◽  
Darren Jacoby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalewayker Tegegne ◽  
Daniel Asmelash ◽  
Sintayehu Ambachew ◽  
Setegn Eshetie ◽  
Ayenew Addisu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Background. Malaria during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries. Moreover, malaria is increasingly associated with unwanted pregnancy outcomes such as an increased risk of abortion, stillbirth, premature delivery, and low-birthweight infants. Since pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria, implementation of the appropriate prevention and control measures among this group is very important. Therefore, the current review was designed to assess the prevalence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria among pregnant women in Ethiopia.Method. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we have followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, and Science Direct literature. Search terms used were “prevalence”, “malaria”, “pregnant women”, and “Ethiopia”. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. The pooled meta-logistic regression was computed to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Result. Among a total of 10207 studies, seven studies were included in this analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 12.72% (95% CI: 7.45, 17.98). In subgroup analysis, the prevalence of malaria showed a significant variation between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, which was 7.83% (95% CI: 2.23, 13.43) and 17.97% (95% CI: 7.31, 28.92), respectively.Conclusion. The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was found to be relatively higher compared with the general population. Therefore, the existing prevention and control measures should be strengthen.

scholarly journals Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal protozoa in Madura cattle at Bangkalan Regency, East Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poedji Hastutiek ◽  
Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti ◽  
Mufasirin Djaeri ◽  
Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti ◽  
Endang Suprihati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Aim: This study aimed to describe the gastrointestinal protozoa in Madura cattle at Bangkalan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 samples of Madura cattle feces were collected from 10 districts at Bangkalan Regency. Those ten districts represent the lowland and upland areas, and each district was represented by one village. The collected feces were examined using native, sedimentation, and floating methods. The species identification was determined by their morphology. Results: There were 357 (71.4%) samples positively infected with protozoan. The highest rate of sample with protozoan infection was at Kamal District (88.23%), and Bangkalan District (52.83%) was the lowest one. There were six species of protozoa that infected gastrointestinal tract; those are Eimeria spp., Balantidium spp., Isospora spp., Blastocystis spp., Entamoeba spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. The highest number of protozoa found in this research was Eimeria (53.42%) followed by Blastocystis (14.43%). In this study, we found that 295 samples (58.76%) infected by one kind of protozoa, 53 samples (10.56%) infected by two kinds of protozoa, and 11 samples (2.19%) infected by three kinds of protozoa. In addition, there were 65.54% of bulls infected with protozoa, considerably lower than cows (72.97%). Cattle aged 6 months-2 years old (73.39%) and >2 years old (71.25%) are known more prone to protozoan infections than cattle aged <6 months (66.15%). Conclusion: The present study revealed that protozoan infection of cattle is common in Bangkalan Regency. Studies focused on determining that the prevalence of protozoan, risk factors for the parasitism, and the geographic distribution are needed and will be effective guide for prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Investigation and control of a suspected nosocomial outbreak of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit

Open Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ying ◽  
Li Qun ◽  
Liu Qinzhong ◽  
Chen Mingliang ◽  
Chen Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nosocomial Outbreak ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii, a non-fermenting Gram-negative bacterium, is a common pathogen in intensive care units (ICU) that is easily spread through contact and can cause nosocomial outbreaks. This study investigated the risk factors associated with outbreaks of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDR-Ab) infection by studying a suspected nosocomial outbreak in a comprehensive ICU in a teaching hospital in China, and discusses the effectiveness of current prevention and control measures.Pathogen detection methods involving pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were employed to survey patients infected or colonized with PDR-Ab. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine the risk factors for infection or colonization with PDR-Ab between 1 October 2014 and 16 January 2015.The rate of PDR-Ab infection in the ICU was higher during the period from 1 October 2014 to 16 January 2015 than it was between 1 October 2013 and 16 January 2014. Only two cases were confirmed to have the same genotype. Risk factors were explored and the rate of infection was found to be controlled by interventions targeting these risk factors.A decrease in the number of infections was observed after multiple prevention and control measures were implemented, preventing the outbreak of a nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Investigation of an anthrax outbreak in Makoni District, Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Makurumidze ◽  
Notion Tafara Gombe ◽  
Tapuwa Magure ◽  
Mufuta Tshimanga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Anthrax continues to be a disease of public health importance in Zimbabwe, with sporadic outbreaks reported annually in many parts of the country. A human anthrax outbreak occurred in wards 22 and 23 of Makoni District from mid-June 2013 to end of January 2014, following cattle deaths in the wards. Laboratory tests confirmed anthrax as the cause for the cattle deaths. This study investigated the clinical characteristics, distribution of cases (places, person and time) and risk factors for contracting the anthrax disease. We also assessed the environment, district preparedness and response, and outbreak prevention and control measures. Methods We conducted an outbreak investigation using a mixed-methods design. A 1:1 case-control study was used to assess risk factors for contracting anthrax. The controls were frequency matched to cases by sex. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Environmental assessment, district preparedness and response, and outbreak prevention and control measures were assessed using a checklist, observations, and key informant interviews. Multivariable unconditional logic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with contracting anthrax. Results We interviewed 37 of the 64 cases, along with 37 controls. All the cases had cutaneous anthrax, with the hand being the most common site of the eschar (43%). Most of the cases (89%) were managed according to the national guidelines. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that meat sourced from other villages [vs butchery, OR = 15.21, 95% CI (2.32–99.81)], skinning [OR = 4.32, 95% CI (1.25–14.94)], and belonging to religions that permit eating meat from cattle killed due to unknown causes or butchered after unobserved death [OR = 6.12, 95% CI (1.28–29.37)] were associated with contracting anthrax. The poor availability of resources in the district caused a delayed response to the outbreak. Conclusion The described anthrax outbreak was caused due to contact with infected cattle meat. Although the outbreak was eventually controlled through cattle vaccination and health education and awareness campaigns, the response of the district office was initially delayed and insufficient. The district should strengthen its emergency preparedness and response capacity, revive zoonotic committees, conduct awareness campaigns and improve surveillance, especially during outbreak seasons.

scholarly journals Prevention and control measures of the major cold-region diseases (hypertension) in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Pan ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Tengfei Pan ◽  
Haihai Liang ◽  
Baofeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular condition in clinical practice and a major risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular events. There are more than 270 million hypertension patients in China, and the prevalence of hypertension in the high-latitude cold areas is significantly higher than in the low-latitude warm areas. The unique epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hypertension in the cold regions of China urge for establishment of the prevention and control system for targeted and more effective management of the condition.

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