scholarly journals Alcohol and drug use disorders among adults with ADHD: Prevalence and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen ANKER ◽  
Jan Haavik ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Core Symptoms

Abstract Background High risk of substance use disorders (SUD) in people with ADHD calls for exploratory research. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD) in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD, and to examine their association with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation (ED).Methods The study sample consisted of patients who were admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo between 2014 and 2018. Out of 612 patients diagnosed with ADHD, 585 (96.5%) agreed to participate in the study. ADHD was diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria. AUD and DUD were diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). ADHD severity was assessed by the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS). Emotional Dysregulation (ED) was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behavior Scale - Self Report (CBS-SR).Results The 12-month prevalence of AUD and DUD was 5.3% and 13.7%, respectively. The lifetime prevalence was 12.0% for AUD and 27.7% for DUD. A history of DUD, but not AUD, was positively associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity ADHD core symptoms, as well as ED.Conclusions The prevalence of lifetime DUD among patients with ADHD is high and associated with higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, as well as ED. It is important to consider comorbid DUD in adult ADHD patients, particularly among individuals with high levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity ADHD core symptoms or ED.

scholarly journals Criminal Convictions in Norwegian Female and Male Adult ADHD Outpatients: Prevalence and Associations With ADHD Symptom Severity and Emotional Dysregulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen ANKER ◽  
Ylva Ginsberg ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Criminal Conviction ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
History Of

Abstract ObjectivesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often co-occurs with antisocial behaviour. Several studies have shown high rates of ADHD among prisoners. However, the prevalence of crime among individuals with ADHD is less known. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of lifetime criminal conviction (CC) in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD, and the associations with severity of ADHD and emotional dysregulation (ED). MethodsPatients were admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo between 2014 and 2018. Out of 656 patients diagnosed with ADHD, 629 (95.9%) agreed to participate in the study. CC was determined based on self-reporting of the lifetime history of criminal behaviour. ADHD was diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, and the ADHD severity was measured using the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS). ED was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behaviour Scale - Self Report (CBS-SR). ResultsThe prevalence of self-reported CC in this clinical sample was 11.7% among women and 24.5% among men. CC was associated with hyperactive-impulsive severity (p<0.001) and ED (p=0.006).ConclusionsThe prevalence of self-reported lifetime criminal conviction was high for both genders. CC was associated with symptom severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity and emotional dysregulation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of criminal convictions in Norwegian adult ADHD outpatients and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Anker ◽  
Ylva Ginsberg ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Criminal Conviction ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Adhd Treatment

Abstract Objectives Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occurs with antisocial behaviour. Several studies have shown high rates of ADHD among prisoners. However, the prevalence of crime among individuals with ADHD is less known. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of lifetime criminal conviction (CC) in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD, and the associations with the severity of ADHD and emotional dysregulation (ED). Methods Patients were admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo between 2014 and 2018. Of the 656 patients diagnosed with ADHD, 629 (95.9%) agreed to participate in the study. CC was determined based on self-reporting of the lifetime history of criminal behaviour. ADHD was diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria, and ADHD severity was measured using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). ED was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behaviour Scale - Self-Report (CBS-SR). Results The prevalence of self-reported CC in this clinical sample was 11.7% among women and 24.5% among men. CC was associated with hyperactive-impulsive severity (p < 0.001) and ED (p = 0.006). Conclusions The prevalence of self-reported lifetime criminal conviction was high for both genders. CC was associated with symptom severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. The findings suggest the need for greater research efforts on the avoidance of criminal activity in people with ADHD and targeted intervention for ADHD treatment and CC prevention.

Two Facets of Emotion Dysregulation Are Core Symptomatic Domains in Adult ADHD: Results from the SR-WRAADDS, a Broad Symptom Self-Report Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110276
Author(s):  
Sébastien Weibel ◽  
Floriane Bicego ◽  
Sarah Muller ◽  
Emilie Martz ◽  
Mădălina Elena Costache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Lability ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Healthy Participants

Objectives: Emotional dysregulation (ED) in adult ADHD is frequent but definition and tools for its evaluation are not consensual. Our aim was to determine the core ADHD symptomatic domains via the Self-Reported Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (SR-WRAADDS) following its validation in a large clinical sample of adults with ADHD and controls. Method: Three hundred sixty-nine adult patients with ADHD and 251 healthy participants completed the SR-WRAADDS and questionnaires about ADHD, depression, and ED. We analyzed the psychometric properties of the SR-WRAADDS and a factor analysis yielded symptomatic domains. Results: The SR-WRAADDS has good reliability. The 30 symptoms were best organized in a four-factor solution: attention/disorganization, hyperactivity/restlessness, impulsivity/emotional outbursts, and emotional lability. Conclusions: The symptomatic structure of the SR-WRAADDS includes two distinct dimensions related to ED: “impulsivity/emotional outbursts” and “emotional lability.” The SR-WRAADDS is a reliable and clinically useful tool that assesses all ADHD symptom domains, including facets of ED.

Maternal ADHD symptoms, child ADHD symptoms and broader child outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Efron ◽  
Kirsten Furley ◽  
Alisha Gulenc ◽  
Emma Sciberras
Keyword(s):  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Maternal Adhd

ObjectiveThis study investigated the associations between maternal symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and child functional outcomes in a community-based sample of children with and without ADHD.Design and settingIn this cohort study, children with ADHD and healthy controls were recruited through schools in Melbourne, Australia, using a combined screening (Conners 3 ADHD Index) and case confirmation (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV) procedure.Patients117 children with ADHD and 149 control children were included in the analyses.Main outcome measuresMaternal ADHD symptoms (Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale) and child outcomes (ADHD severity, quality of life (QoL), academic competence, social-emotional functioning) were measured at a mean child age of 8.9 years.ResultsMothers of children with ADHD had clinically elevated ADHD symptoms compared with mothers of control children (adjusted analysis: 18.0% vs 2.0%, P<0.001). Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were associated with greater child ADHD symptom severity and lower QoL by maternal report for children with (severity P=0.01; QoL P=0.003) and without (severity P=0.003; QoL P=0.003) ADHD. Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were additionally associated with increased parent-rated emotional problems, peer problems and total impairment scores in children without ADHD (all P<0.01).ConclusionsMaternal ADHD symptoms are associated with increased ADHD symptom severity and reduced QoL by maternal report in offspring with or without ADHD, and have broader negative associations with emotional and social functioning in children without ADHD. In the evaluation of the referred children, maternal ADHD symptoms should be considered and referral made to adult services where indicated.

The self-report Drug Use Disorders Identification Test—Extended (DUDIT-E): Reliability, validity, and motivational index

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H. Berman ◽  
Tom Palmstierna ◽  
Håkan Källmén ◽  
Hans Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Identification Test

scholarly journals Emotional Dysregulation And Quality of Life In Young Adults With ADHD- A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maayan Ben Dor Cohen ◽  
Eran Eldar ◽  
Adina Maeir ◽  
Mor Nahun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with emotional dysregulation (ED) and impaired quality of life (QoL). However, the role of ED in explaining the relationship between ADHD and QoL is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to do so in a sample of non-referred young adults with and without ADHD.Method: The study design was cross-sectional. A non-clinical sample of 62 young adults with ADHD (mean age = 24.86 years, SD = 3.25) and 69 controls (mean age = 23.84 years, SD = 2.59) were recruited. The Adult ADHD Quality-of-Life scale was used to measure QoL; The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was used to measure ADHD symptoms. The Self-Report Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were used to measure ED. Group differences on all measures were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance, while controlling for age. Univariate analyses of variance were conducted to investigate the possible effect of medication on all outcome measures in the ADHD group. Finally, a moderation analysis was used in order to examine the impact of ED on QoL beyond that accounted for by ADHD symptoms.Results: Both QoL and ED were significantly worse for the ADHD group compared to the control group. The medication status of the ADHD group participants had no significant effect on the level of ADHD symptoms, ED or QoL. ED moderated the effect of ADHD symptoms on QoL for the ADHD group.Conclusion: The findings support the centrality of ED in ADHD and its crucial influence on QoL. Young adults with ADHD and high levels of ED are at risk for aversive impact on their well-being regardless of their ADHD symptoms level.

scholarly journals Shared mental healthcare and somatization: changes in patient symptoms and disability

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Haggarty ◽  
Brian P. O’Connor ◽  
Jeremy B. Mozzon ◽  
S. Kathleen Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Changes

AimTo describe the symptoms and functional changes in patients with high levels of somatization who were referred to an outpatient, multidisciplinary, shared mental healthcare (SMHC) service that primarily offered cognitive behavioural therapy. Second, we wished to compare the levels of somatization in this outpatient clinical sample with previously published community norms.BackgroundSomatization is common in primary care, and it can lead to significant impairment, disproportionate resource use, and poses a challenge for management.MethodsAll the patients (18+ years,n=508) who attended three or more treatment sessions in SMHC primary care over a seven-year period were eligible for inclusion to this pre–post study. Self-report measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire’s somatic symptom severity scale (PHQ-15) and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS II). Normative comparisons were used to assess the degree of symptoms and functional changes.FindingsClinically significant levels of somatization before treatment were common (n=138, 27.2%) and were associated with a significant reduction in somatic symptom severity (41.3% reduction;P&lt;0.001) and disability (44% reduction;P&lt;0.001) after treatment. Patients’ levels of somatic symptom severity and disability approached but did not quite reach the community sample norms following treatment. Multidisciplinary short-term SMHC was associated with significant improvement in patient symptoms and disability, and shows promise as an effective treatment for patients with high levels of somatization. Including a control group would allow more confidence regarding the conclusions about the effectiveness of SMHC for patients impaired by somatization.

scholarly journals Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Kukju Kweon
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Core ◽  
Symptom Patterns ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Core Symptoms

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by attention deficits, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In the past, ADHD was considered to be limited to children and adolescents. However, ADHD has now been reconceptualized as a lifelong disorder, and two-thirds of ADHD patients continue to have core symptoms and dysfunction in adulthood. Currently, the public and clinicians’ interest in adult ADHD is rapidly increasing in Korea. In addition to interviews with patients for an adult ADHD diagnosis, interviews with family members, existing school records, and neuropsychological tests help clinicians to make a diagnosis. It is necessary to check whether the core symptoms of ADHD were expressed in childhood. Since adults’ symptom patterns differ from those of children, a self-report tool designed for adult ADHD is useful. The medications currently approved for ADHD in adults by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea are long-acting methylphenidate and atomoxetine. Both methylphenidate and atomoxetine improve the core symptoms of ADHD as well as daily function. Methylphenidate and atomoxetine can be used safely as first-line treatments, and the overall adverse effects are tolerable. However, attention should be paid to possible cardiovascular adverse events and misuse. Bupropion, modafinil, alpha2-agonist, and tricyclic antidepressants can also be used off-label.

scholarly journals ADHD symptomatology of children with congenital heart disease 10 years after cardiac surgery: the role of age at operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoletta R. Czobor ◽  
Zsófia Ocsovszky ◽  
György Roth ◽  
Szabolcs Takács ◽  
Márta Csabai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in ADHD symptomatology between healthy controls and children who underwent cardiac surgery at different ages. Methods Altogether, 133 children (54 patients with congenital heart disease undergoing first cardiac surgery under 3 years of age, 26 operated at the age of 3 or later, and 53 healthy controls) were examined. Patients completed the Youth Self Report (YSR), while their parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Results Children receiving surgery for the first time under the age of 3 years were more likely diagnosed with cyanotic type malformation and have undergone to a greater number of operations. However, ADHD symptoms of those treated surgically at or above 3 years of age were more severe than that of the control group or those who were treated surgically at a younger age. The control group and those treated surgically below the age of three did not differ across any of the ADHD symptom severity indicators. Conclusions The age at the time of cardiac surgery might be associated with later ADHD symptom severity – with lower age at operation associated with better outcomes. Further, adequately powered studies are needed to confirm these exploratory findings and investigate the moderators of this relationship.

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