scholarly journals Criminal Convictions in Norwegian Female and Male Adult ADHD Outpatients: Prevalence and Associations With ADHD Symptom Severity and Emotional Dysregulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen ANKER ◽  
Ylva Ginsberg ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Criminal Conviction ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
History Of

Abstract ObjectivesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often co-occurs with antisocial behaviour. Several studies have shown high rates of ADHD among prisoners. However, the prevalence of crime among individuals with ADHD is less known. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of lifetime criminal conviction (CC) in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD, and the associations with severity of ADHD and emotional dysregulation (ED). MethodsPatients were admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo between 2014 and 2018. Out of 656 patients diagnosed with ADHD, 629 (95.9%) agreed to participate in the study. CC was determined based on self-reporting of the lifetime history of criminal behaviour. ADHD was diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, and the ADHD severity was measured using the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS). ED was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behaviour Scale - Self Report (CBS-SR). ResultsThe prevalence of self-reported CC in this clinical sample was 11.7% among women and 24.5% among men. CC was associated with hyperactive-impulsive severity (p<0.001) and ED (p=0.006).ConclusionsThe prevalence of self-reported lifetime criminal conviction was high for both genders. CC was associated with symptom severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity and emotional dysregulation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of criminal convictions in Norwegian adult ADHD outpatients and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Anker ◽  
Ylva Ginsberg ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Criminal Conviction ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Adhd Treatment

Abstract Objectives Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occurs with antisocial behaviour. Several studies have shown high rates of ADHD among prisoners. However, the prevalence of crime among individuals with ADHD is less known. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of lifetime criminal conviction (CC) in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD, and the associations with the severity of ADHD and emotional dysregulation (ED). Methods Patients were admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo between 2014 and 2018. Of the 656 patients diagnosed with ADHD, 629 (95.9%) agreed to participate in the study. CC was determined based on self-reporting of the lifetime history of criminal behaviour. ADHD was diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria, and ADHD severity was measured using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). ED was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behaviour Scale - Self-Report (CBS-SR). Results The prevalence of self-reported CC in this clinical sample was 11.7% among women and 24.5% among men. CC was associated with hyperactive-impulsive severity (p < 0.001) and ED (p = 0.006). Conclusions The prevalence of self-reported lifetime criminal conviction was high for both genders. CC was associated with symptom severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. The findings suggest the need for greater research efforts on the avoidance of criminal activity in people with ADHD and targeted intervention for ADHD treatment and CC prevention.

scholarly journals Alcohol and drug use disorders among adults with ADHD: Prevalence and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen ANKER ◽  
Jan Haavik ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Core Symptoms

Abstract Background High risk of substance use disorders (SUD) in people with ADHD calls for exploratory research. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD) in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD, and to examine their association with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation (ED).Methods The study sample consisted of patients who were admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo between 2014 and 2018. Out of 612 patients diagnosed with ADHD, 585 (96.5%) agreed to participate in the study. ADHD was diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria. AUD and DUD were diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). ADHD severity was assessed by the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS). Emotional Dysregulation (ED) was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behavior Scale - Self Report (CBS-SR).Results The 12-month prevalence of AUD and DUD was 5.3% and 13.7%, respectively. The lifetime prevalence was 12.0% for AUD and 27.7% for DUD. A history of DUD, but not AUD, was positively associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity ADHD core symptoms, as well as ED.Conclusions The prevalence of lifetime DUD among patients with ADHD is high and associated with higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, as well as ED. It is important to consider comorbid DUD in adult ADHD patients, particularly among individuals with high levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity ADHD core symptoms or ED.

Two Facets of Emotion Dysregulation Are Core Symptomatic Domains in Adult ADHD: Results from the SR-WRAADDS, a Broad Symptom Self-Report Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110276
Author(s):  
Sébastien Weibel ◽  
Floriane Bicego ◽  
Sarah Muller ◽  
Emilie Martz ◽  
Mădălina Elena Costache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Lability ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Healthy Participants

Objectives: Emotional dysregulation (ED) in adult ADHD is frequent but definition and tools for its evaluation are not consensual. Our aim was to determine the core ADHD symptomatic domains via the Self-Reported Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (SR-WRAADDS) following its validation in a large clinical sample of adults with ADHD and controls. Method: Three hundred sixty-nine adult patients with ADHD and 251 healthy participants completed the SR-WRAADDS and questionnaires about ADHD, depression, and ED. We analyzed the psychometric properties of the SR-WRAADDS and a factor analysis yielded symptomatic domains. Results: The SR-WRAADDS has good reliability. The 30 symptoms were best organized in a four-factor solution: attention/disorganization, hyperactivity/restlessness, impulsivity/emotional outbursts, and emotional lability. Conclusions: The symptomatic structure of the SR-WRAADDS includes two distinct dimensions related to ED: “impulsivity/emotional outbursts” and “emotional lability.” The SR-WRAADDS is a reliable and clinically useful tool that assesses all ADHD symptom domains, including facets of ED.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ADHD in Accident Victims: Results of the PRADA Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittel-Schneider ◽  
Wolff ◽  
Queiser ◽  
Wessendorf ◽  
Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Recent research has shown an increased risk of accidents and injuries in ADHD patients, which could potentially be reduced by stimulant treatment. Therefore, the first aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of adult ADHD in a trauma surgery population. The second aim was to investigate accident mechanisms and circumstances which could be specific to ADHD patients, in comparison to the general population. Methods: We screened 905 accident victims for ADHD using the ASRS 18-item self-report questionnaire. The basic demographic data and circumstances of the accidents were also assessed. Results: Prevalence of adult ADHD was found to be 6.18% in our trauma surgery patient sample. ADHD accident victims reported significantly higher rates of distraction, stress and overconfidence in comparison to non-ADHD accident victims. Overconfidence and being in thoughts as causal mechanisms for the accidents remained significantly higher in ADHD patients after correction for multiple comparison. ADHD patients additionally reported a history of multiple accidents. Conclusion: The majority of ADHD patients in our sample had not previously been diagnosed and were therefore not receiving treatment. The results subsequently suggest that general ADHD screening in trauma surgery patients may be useful in preventing further accidents in ADHD patients. Furthermore, psychoeducation regarding specific causal accident mechanisms could be implemented in ADHD therapy to decrease accident incidence rate.

Prevalence of ADHD and co-morbid conditions among university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S475-S476
Author(s):  
A. Gormez ◽  
E. Kocer ◽  
A. Kurtulmus ◽  
I. Kirpinar
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent difficulties with attention, increased impulsivity and hyperactivity. Comorbidity is often reported in adults with ADHD with a range of 60–100% of patients having at least one co-morbid condition.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of ADHD among university students and to investigate some co-occurring symptoms and disorders.AimsWe aimed to raise awareness of adult ADHD and underscore its co-morbidity.Method486 undergraduate students at Bezmialem Vakif university in Istanbul filled in the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Beck Anxiety Scale (Beck-A), Beck Depression Scale (Beck-D) and a purpose-designed structured socio-demographic form.ResultsOur results revealed that 6% of participants reported significant ADHD symptoms using 1.5 standard deviation above mean on the ASRS. 67% of students with significant ADHD symptoms had a psychiatric history other than ADHD. History of depression, anxiety and sleep problems were significantly higher in this group (P < 0.05). They scored higher on Beck-A and Beck-D (P < 0.05). Students with significant ADHD symptoms reported more night eating, binge eating behaviours and more headache (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the history of epilepsy, asthma, allergy and diabetes. Family history of psychiatric disorder particularly ADHD, depression and eating disorder were higher in the ADHD group (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that ADHD is prevalent among university students with high co-morbidity. Hence people with ADHD need comprehensive and lifelong assessment and management of their symptoms and needs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Emotional Dysregulation And Quality of Life In Young Adults With ADHD- A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maayan Ben Dor Cohen ◽  
Eran Eldar ◽  
Adina Maeir ◽  
Mor Nahun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with emotional dysregulation (ED) and impaired quality of life (QoL). However, the role of ED in explaining the relationship between ADHD and QoL is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to do so in a sample of non-referred young adults with and without ADHD.Method: The study design was cross-sectional. A non-clinical sample of 62 young adults with ADHD (mean age = 24.86 years, SD = 3.25) and 69 controls (mean age = 23.84 years, SD = 2.59) were recruited. The Adult ADHD Quality-of-Life scale was used to measure QoL; The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was used to measure ADHD symptoms. The Self-Report Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were used to measure ED. Group differences on all measures were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance, while controlling for age. Univariate analyses of variance were conducted to investigate the possible effect of medication on all outcome measures in the ADHD group. Finally, a moderation analysis was used in order to examine the impact of ED on QoL beyond that accounted for by ADHD symptoms.Results: Both QoL and ED were significantly worse for the ADHD group compared to the control group. The medication status of the ADHD group participants had no significant effect on the level of ADHD symptoms, ED or QoL. ED moderated the effect of ADHD symptoms on QoL for the ADHD group.Conclusion: The findings support the centrality of ED in ADHD and its crucial influence on QoL. Young adults with ADHD and high levels of ED are at risk for aversive impact on their well-being regardless of their ADHD symptoms level.

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Treatment-Seeking Alcohol Dependence Patients With and Without ADHD

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Roncero ◽  
Lluisa Ortega ◽  
Jesús Pérez-Pazos ◽  
Anna Lligoña ◽  
Alfonso C. Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Made In

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of ADHD in adult patients treated for alcohol dependence and to analyze the characteristics of consumption and psychiatric comorbidity, in function of a possible ADHD in adulthood. Method: We administered the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) to 726 alcohol-dependent patients. Clinical diagnosis, following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) criteria was made in the first four weeks of treatment. A subsample of 297 patients was evaluated using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID-II) to test the psychometric properties of ASRS. Results: After analyzing the properties of the ASRS (sensitivity: 83.3%; specificity: 66.1%), the prevalence of ADHD, in the whole sample, was estimated to be 16.2%. Being younger, lifetime history of cocaine dependence and the presence of an affective, anxiety or personality disorder were associated with a possible ADHD. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of ADHD in patients being treated for alcohol dependence is high, and the presence of a possible ADHD in adulthood is associated with an increase in psychiatric comorbidity.

scholarly journals Shared mental healthcare and somatization: changes in patient symptoms and disability

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Haggarty ◽  
Brian P. O’Connor ◽  
Jeremy B. Mozzon ◽  
S. Kathleen Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Somatic Symptom ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Changes

AimTo describe the symptoms and functional changes in patients with high levels of somatization who were referred to an outpatient, multidisciplinary, shared mental healthcare (SMHC) service that primarily offered cognitive behavioural therapy. Second, we wished to compare the levels of somatization in this outpatient clinical sample with previously published community norms.BackgroundSomatization is common in primary care, and it can lead to significant impairment, disproportionate resource use, and poses a challenge for management.MethodsAll the patients (18+ years,n=508) who attended three or more treatment sessions in SMHC primary care over a seven-year period were eligible for inclusion to this pre–post study. Self-report measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire’s somatic symptom severity scale (PHQ-15) and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS II). Normative comparisons were used to assess the degree of symptoms and functional changes.FindingsClinically significant levels of somatization before treatment were common (n=138, 27.2%) and were associated with a significant reduction in somatic symptom severity (41.3% reduction;P&lt;0.001) and disability (44% reduction;P&lt;0.001) after treatment. Patients’ levels of somatic symptom severity and disability approached but did not quite reach the community sample norms following treatment. Multidisciplinary short-term SMHC was associated with significant improvement in patient symptoms and disability, and shows promise as an effective treatment for patients with high levels of somatization. Including a control group would allow more confidence regarding the conclusions about the effectiveness of SMHC for patients impaired by somatization.

Adult ADHD Is Associated With Gambling Severity and Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Treatment-Seeking Problem Gamblers

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Brandt ◽  
Gabriele Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interdisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Standardized Interview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gambling Severity

Objective: The aim of this study is as follows: (a) exploring retrospective childhood and adult ADHD symptomatology in treatment-seeking gamblers, (b) providing detailed characteristics of the association between pathological gambling (PG) and ADHD, and (c) identifying risk factors for a history of ADHD. Method: Eighty problem gamblers (20% female) were examined using a standardized interview (PG: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [4th ed.; DSM-IV] criteria, Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey; ADHD: Wender Utah Rating Scale– deutsche Kurzform, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale; comorbidities: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Results: Forty-three percentage of patients screened positive for childhood ADHD, and in 11%, ADHD persisted in adulthood. Patients with adult ADHD had more severe gambling problems ( p = .009, d = 1.03) and a higher number of psychiatric comorbidities ( p < .001, d = 1.62) compared with those without ADHD. Substance abuse/dependence constituted a predictor for having a history of ADHD (odds ratio [OR] = 4.07, p = .025). Conclusion: ADHD–PG comorbidity is linked to factors that worsen the prognosis. Thus, screening for ADHD and verifying persistence in adulthood should be an integral component in the interdisciplinary treatment of problem/pathological gamblers.

Relationship of Severity of ADHD Symptoms with the Presence of Psychological Trauma While Controlling the Effect of Impulsivity in a Sample of University Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S134-S134
Author(s):  
E. Dalbudak ◽  
C. Evren ◽  
B. Evren ◽  
S. Ozen
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Relationship Of

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate relationship of severity of ADHD symptoms with the presence of psychological trauma while controlling the effect of impulsivity in a sample of university students.MethodParticipants included 321 volunteered university students. Participants were evaluated with the Short Form Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-SF), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC).ResultsAge and gender did not differed between those with the history of psychological trauma (n = 271, 84.4%) and those without (n = 50, 15.6%). BIS-11-SF and subscale scores did not differ between groups, other than motor impulsivity, which was higher among those with the history of psychological trauma. ASRS score, inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale scores were higher among those with the history of psychological trauma than those without. Severity of ADHD symptoms, particularly inattentiveness score, predicted the presence of psychological trauma, together with the severity of motor and attentional impulsivities in a logistic regression model.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the severity of ADHD symptoms may be related with the presence of psychological trauma, while severity of motor and attentional impulsivities may have an effect on this relationship among young adults.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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