Spatial distribution and Determinants of Optimal ANC visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia: Further analysis of 2016 Ethiopia demographic Health Survey
Abstract Background Antenatal care (ANC) is essential to improve maternal and newborn health and wellbeing. Antenatal care coverage is improving in Africa, since over two-thirds of pregnant women have at least one ANC contact. However, to realize the complete life-saving potential that ANC guarantees for mothers and babies, four visits providing essential proof based mostly interventions square measure neededObjective The aim of this study was to identify determinants for Optimal ANC visit and its spatial distribution among pregnant women in Ethiopia.Method This study was based on 2016 Ethiopia Demography and Health Survey. Individual women record (IR) file was used to extract the data and 8,025 pregnant women were included in the final analysis. The binary response variable considered in this study indicated whether women completed an optimal ANC visit or not from skilled health care provider and coded as 1/0. Sata14 and ArcGIS10.1 software’s were used for analysis. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was fitted to identify factors associated with an optimal ANC visit. Crude and Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI computed to assess the strength of association between independent and outcome variables.Results This study revealed that rural residence (AOR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.45-0.77),male partners educational status[secondary school (AOR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.05-1.67)], distance to the health institutions[not a big problem (AOR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.39)], community level literacy(AOR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.03-1.12), and community level service utilization(AOR=2.67,95%CI:2.21-3.24) were significantly associated with optimal ANC visits. Hot spot areas are observed in Addis Ababa, Tigray Region Harari and Dire Dawa, which means an optimal ANC visit well in these regions and cold spot area.Conclusion Living in peripheral regions of the country and in rural areas, lower educational status of male partners, and distance to health institutions were prohibiting factors for adequate number of visits. In this study community level literacy and community level service utilizations were also affect women’s’ ANC utilization which implies community level interventions should be considered for improving antenatal care utilization and better health outcomes. The government should be should give spatial attention regions like Afar, Amhara, Oromia Benishangul, SNNP and Somalia which had low optimal ANC visit