Current situation of the presence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs and humans in Bucaramanga, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Victoria Esteban-Mendoza ◽  
Víctor Arcila-Quiceno ◽  
Javier Hernando Albarracín-Navas ◽  
Isabel Hernández ◽  
María Camila Flechas-Alarcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Circulating Antigens

Abstract Background: The cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria immitis, is a vector-born infection, which can be transmitted to humans. The main host are both domestic and wild canids. It mainly occurs in tropical and subtropical climates, temperature and humidity are the main factors that favor the presence and proliferation of Culicidae mosquitoes. There are few reports of this disease in dogs and humans in Colombia, a region with favorable climatic conditions for the development of this disease. Therefore, this research aimed to study its current prevalence in dogs and the risk of human exposure to the disease in Bucaramanga, one of the most populated areas in Colombia located at the center of the country. Furthermore, its demographic and environmental characteristics could be useful as a study model for other similar locations and neighboring countries.Method: Serum samples from 351 dogs and 506 humans from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area were analyzed. All dog samples were tested with a commercial immunochromatographic test kit to detect the presence of circulating antigens of D. immitis. Human samples were analyzed using a non-commercial ELISA test kit to detect IgG against the somatic antigens of adult D. immitis and Wolbachia. Positive results were further confirmed using a Western blot analysis.Results: Dirofilaria immitis prevalence was 10.82% (95% CI) in dogs and 5.12% (95% CI) in microfilaremic dogs. Seroprevalence in humans was 6.71% (95% CI) and was significantly higher in individuals aged 16–34 years and in women than in men.Conclusions:This study describes seropositivity to D. immitis for the first time in a Colombian human population located in the same area as that of dogs infected with D. immitis, which represents a potential threat to public health. In humans, age and sex can be considered risk factors for exposure to D. immitis.

scholarly journals Current situation of the presence of the zoonotic nematode Dirofilaria immitis in dogs and humans in Bucaramanga, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Victoria Esteban-Mendoza ◽  
Víctor Arcila-Quiceno ◽  
Javier Hernando Albarracín-Navas ◽  
Isabel Hernández ◽  
María Camila Flechas-Alarcón N ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Circulating Antigens

Abstract Background : The cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria immitis, is a vector-born infection, which can be transmitted to humans. The main host are both domestic and wild canids. It mainly occurs in tropical and subtropical climates, temperature and humidity are the main factors that favor the presence and proliferation of Culicidae mosquitoes. There are few reports of this disease in dogs and humans in Colombia, a region with favorable climatic conditions for the development of this disease. Therefore, this research aimed to study its current prevalence in dogs and the risk of human exposure to the disease in Bucaramanga, one of the most populated areas in Colombia located at the center of the country. Furthermore, its demographic and environmental characteristics could be useful as a study model for other similar locations and neighboring countries. Method: Serum samples from 351 dogs and 506 humans from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area were analyzed. All dog samples were tested with a commercial immunochromatographic test kit to detect the presence of circulating antigens of D. immitis . Human samples were analyzed using a non-commercial ELISA test kit to detect IgG against the somatic antigens of adult D. immitis and Wolbachia . Positive results were further confirmed using a Western blot analysis. Results: Dirofilaria immitis prevalence was 10.82% (95% CI) in dogs and 5.12% (95% CI) in microfilaremic dogs. Seroprevalence in humans was 6.71% (95% CI) and was significantly higher in individuals aged 16–34 years and in women than in men. Conclusions: This study describes seropositivity to D. immitis for the first time in a Colombian human population located in the same area as that of dogs infected with D. immitis , which represents a potential threat to public health. In humans, age and sex can be considered risk factors for exposure to D. immitis .

scholarly journals Current situation of the presence of the zoonotic nematode Dirofilaria immitis in dogs and humans in Bucaramanga, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Victoria Esteban-Mendoza ◽  
Víctor Arcila-Quiceno ◽  
J. Albarracín-Navas ◽  
Isabel Hernández ◽  
C. Flechas Alarcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Circulating Antigens ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background: Cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis caused by Dirofilaria immitis is a zoonotic, vector-borne infection, whose main hosts are both domestic and wild canids and which can be transmitted to humans. It mainly occurs in tropical and subtropical climates, and temperature and humidity are the main factors that favor the presence and proliferation of Culicidae mosquitoes. There have been few reports of this disease in dogs and humans in Colombia, a region with favorable climatic conditions for the development of this disease. Therefore, this research aimed to study its current prevalence in dogs and the risk of human exposure to the disease in Bucaramanga, one of the most populated areas in Colombia located at the center of the country. Furthermore, its demographic and environmental characteristics could be useful as a study model for other similar locations and neighboring countries. Method: Serum samples from 351 dogs and 506 humans from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area were analyzed. All dog samples were tested with a commercial immunochromatographic test kit to detect the presence of circulating antigens of D. immitis. Human samples were analyzed using a non-commercial ELISA test kit to detect IgG against the somatic antigens of adult D. immitis and Wolbachia. Positive results were further confirmed using a Western blot analysis. Results: Dirofilaria immitis prevalence was 10.82% (95% CI) in dogs and 5.12% (95% CI) in microfilaremic dogs. Seroprevalence in humans was 6.71% (95% CI) and was significantly higher in individuals aged 16–34 years and in women than in men. Conclusions: This study describes seropositivity to D. immitis for the first time in a Colombian human population located in the same area as that of dogs infected with D. immitis, which represents a potential threat to public health. In humans, age and sex can be considered risk factors for exposure to D. immitis.

scholarly journals Variations in the detection of anti-PEDV antibodies in serum samples using three diagnostic tests – short communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Plut ◽  
Ivan Toplak ◽  
Marina Štukelj
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blocking Elisa ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Over the last few years several porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) outbreaks have been discovered in Europe including the first PED case in Slovenia in January 2015. The aim of this study was to determine when PED virus (PEDV) infection started in Slovenia. Serum samples collected between 2012 and 2016 were tested. Three hundred and seventy-five serum samples were collected from 132 Slovenian small, one-site pig farms. Samples were tested for PEDV antibodies utilising three different serological methods: commercially-available indirect ELISA, in-house blocking ELISA test and Immunoperoxidase Monolayer Assay (IPMA) test. One hundred and seventy (45.33%) tested samples were found positive by the commercially-available ELISA test kit, and 10 (5.68%) of these 170 samples found positive were positive by the in-house blocking ELISA. Only these 10 samples were collected from a farm where clinical signs of PED infection had been observed and PEDV was confirmed by RT-PCR methodology; the other 160 samples were collected randomly. Thirty-two samples with the highest S/P value obtained with the commercial ELISA were all negative with IPMA. Reasons for the high variance in the results obtained remain unclear; more research is required to ensure higher sensitivity and specificity in terms of PEDV antibody tests and other PED diagnostic methods.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Clinic-Based ELISA Test Kit with the Immunofluorescence Antibody Test for AssayingLeishmania infantumAntibodies in Dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Proverbio ◽  
Eva Spada ◽  
Luciana Baggiani ◽  
Giada Bagnagatti De Giorgi ◽  
Roberta Perego
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Test Kit

This study compares a rapid Immunospecific Kalazar Canine Rapid Spot IF with the gold standard test (indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT)) for detection ofLeishmania infantumspecific IgG serum antibodies in naturally exposed dogs. Serum samples were obtained from 89 healthy dogs and dogs affected by canine leishmaniosis (CanL). IgG-IFAT titers ≥80 were considered positive. Anti-L. infantumIgG antibodies were found in 54 samples with titers ranging from 1 : 80 to 1 : 5120. The performance of the rapid Immunospecific Kalazar was evaluated using a ROC curve. The area under the ROC curve of 0.957 was significantly different from 0.5 (), and therefore it can be concluded that the rapid Immunospecific Kalazar has the ability to distinguish canine sera with and withoutL. infantumIgG. The best performance of the test was at a cutoff >0 (sensitivity 92.6%, specificity 97%). The test can be used for disease screening if the cutoff is >0 (highest sensitivity, 92.6%) and is recommended as confirmatory test for the presence ofL. infantumIgG antibodies if the cutoff is set >2 (highest specificity, 100%).

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF COXIELLA BURNETII INFECTION IN CATTLE, BLACK BENGAL GOATS AND TICKS IN BANGLADESH

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chakrabartty ◽  
P. K. Bhattacharjee ◽  
R. R. Sarker ◽  
A. K. M. A. Rahman ◽  
K. Henning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cattle Serum

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in domestic ruminants and to detect Coxiella burnetii DNA from ticks and serum samples. A total of 24 ticks, 91 goats and 81 cattle serum samples with the history of abortion and reproductive disorders were collected from the different areas in Bangladesh. The serum samples were tested by CHEKIT Q-Fever Antibody ELISA Test Kit and Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected by multiplex quantitative real- time PCR. The overall prevalence was 7.6% and 6.1% in goats and cattle, respectively. However, none of seropositive samples and tick samples was positive in quantitative real-time PCR.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on the 2012 Dengue Fever Outbreak in Kolkata, India

ISRN Virology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaswati Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Indrani Bhattacharyya ◽  
Srima Adhikary ◽  
Jayshree Konar ◽  
Nidhi Dawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background. Dengue viruses (DV) belong to the family Flaviviridae, with four serotypes referred to as DV-1, DV-2, DV-3, and DV-4. A large-scale outbreak of dengue fever occurred in 2012 involving several districts of West Bengal. Objective. To present a comprehensive picture of the dengue fever outbreak in 2012 and to identify the prevailing serotypes. Materials and Methods. Serum samples were collected from suspected dengue fever cases. Samples from fever cases <5 days duration were tested for dengue NS1 antigen employing Pan Bio (Australia) NS1 ELISA kit. Serum samples of ≥5 days fever were tested for dengue-specific IgM by MAC ELISA test kit prepared by the National Institute of Virology Pune, India. Serotyping of dengue samples was done by dengue-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. The number of dengue cases in 2012 clearly outnumbered the dengue cases in 2010 and 2011. The majority of the cases were in the age group 11–30 years with a male preponderance. Outbreak occurred during the months of Aug.–Nov. indicating increased vector transmission in the monsoon and postmonsoon periods. The prevailing serotypes in this outbreak were Den1, Den3, and Den4.

scholarly journals Sero-Detection of Leptospira hardjo in Cattle of Bhaktapur District of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Rawal ◽  
Denusha Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Elisa Data

Leptospira hardjo is the most commonly reported cause of leptospirosis among cattle globally. The objective of this study was to determine sero-detection of Leptospira hardjo in cattle of Bhaktapur district of Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted in cattle pockets located at 4 different village development committees (VDCs) in the Bhaktapur district of Nepal. The sample collection was done in cattle to determine the sero-detection of Leptospira hardjo from February 2014 to June 2014. A total of 176 serum samples were collected from four VDCs of Bhaktapur district namely Sipadol, Dhadikot, Duwakot and Nangkhel, selected purposively. Forty samples from Sipadol, 46 Dhadikot, 42 Duwakot and 48 from Nangkhel were collected. 5 ml of blood was collected aseptically from jugular vein using 5 ml sterile disposable syringe. After that blood was transferred to the plain vacutainer. The harvested sera were transferred to serum vials and stored at in -20˚c deep freeze of Central Veterinary Laboratory until used for ELISA test. For screening of Leptospira hardjo, the Leptospira hardjo antibody test kit, ELISA (Prionics, Netherlands) was used. ANOVA along with multiple comparison test Tukey was used to compare frequency of detection across different locations in Bhaktapur district using SAS 9.4. MS-Excel was used to manage ELISA data from four different VDCs and to extract information regarding frequency of detection. There was 5.11% sero-detection in cattle of Bhaktapur district. Location wise sero-detection was 5% in Sipadol, 4.3% in Dhadikot, 4.76% in Duwakot and 6.25% in Nangkhel. The study showed that the detection of Leptospira hardjo in cattle. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) between location suggesting that cattle in all areas are equally at risk of this pathogen. Further study is suggested on isolation and identification of disease in Nepal. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(3): 378-381

scholarly journals Sero-Prevalence of Brucellosis in Pigs of Bhaktapur, Kavre and Banke Districts of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilu Sharma ◽  
Doj Raj Khanal ◽  
Yuvraj Panth
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Public Health Hazards

Brucellosis; a zoonotic disease which is caused by Brucella sp. viz; abortus, melitensis, ovis, canis, suis, in Nepal is regarded as one of the occupational and public health hazards for veterinarians, animal attendants, dairy man, slaughter-house workers, butchers and meat sellers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in pigs of Bhaktapur, Kavre and Banke districts of Nepal. Serum samples of 231 pigs were collected purposively of which, 78 samples were from Bhaktapur, 85 from Kavre and 68 from Banke districts. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of the pigs and were centrifuged to separate the serum from the blood. The separated serum samples were stored at -20°C in the NARC lab till the test was done. Out of 231 samples, 3.90% (9/231) of samples were found to have sero-positivity towards brucellosis by using indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. Fisher exact test was used to find association between variables. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) on sex-wise prevalence. This study shows a potential threat to the public health sector of the country along with the degradable impacts on animal health including the economy of farmers. Thus, timely implementation of appropriate preventive and control strategies should be adopted to eradicate the disease.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 466-469

scholarly journals Discrepancy Between In-clinic and Haemagglutination-Inhibition Tests in Detecting Maternally-Derived Antibodies Against Canine Parvovirus in Puppies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Dall'Ara ◽  
Stefania Lauzi ◽  
Joel Filipe ◽  
Roberta Caseri ◽  
Michela Beccaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Test Serum

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most common causes of mortality in puppies worldwide. Protection against CPV infection is based on vaccination, but maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) can interfere with vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of an in-clinic ELISA test to assess the CPV MDA in unvaccinated puppies and CPV antibodies in bitches, comparing the results with the gold standard haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Serum samples of 136 unvaccinated puppies were tested, along with sera of 16 vaccinated bitches. Five unvaccinated puppies were retested after vaccination. Both assays showed that the 16 vaccinated bitches had protective antibody levels against CPV. Conversely, significant discrepancies were observed for the MDA titers in unvaccinated puppies. Protective MDA titers were observed in 91.9% puppies using HI and in 40.4% by the in-clinic ELISA test, and only the latter one showed a decrease of MDA titers and percentages of protected puppies after the first weeks of age. Vaccination of five puppies with high HI and low in-clinic ELISA MDA titers resulted in seroconversion. Our results confirm the reliability of the in-clinic ELISA test in determining protective antibodies against CPV in adult dogs. Our findings also suggest that the in-clinic ELISA test kit may also be a useful tool to detect and quantify CPV MDA, thus allowing prediction of the best time to vaccinate puppies and reduction of the rate of vaccination failures due to interference by maternally-derived antibodies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Commercial Competitive ELISA Test Kit for the Detection of Group-Specific Antibodies to Bluetongue Virus

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Afshar ◽  
H. C. Trotter ◽  
G. C. Dulac ◽  
J. J. Reddington
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

The performance of a competitive (c) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit, Blueplate Special@ (BPS), commercially produced by DiagXotics (Wilton, CT) for detection of group-specific antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV) was compared with that of an internationally endorsed cELISA-I. A total of 1,026 serum samples were tested in this study: 133 samples from 23 calves and 3 sheep experimentally infected with South African isolates of 19 BTV serotypes and US isolates of 5 BTV serotypes and 7 calves infected with US isolates of 2 epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus (EHDV); 102 paired sera from cattle, sheep, and goats experimentally infected with the Australian isolates of BTV, EHDV, and Palyam virus; 229 bovine and ovine samples of Canadian origin (BTV free); and 562 bovine and ovine field samples from the USA and Barbados (BTV endemic). Seroconversion was demonstrable by the BPS cELISA 10 days postinfection in all experimental animals inoculated with BTV, with the exception of 4 calves in which there was a delay of 10–20 days. Similar to the cELISA-I, none of the sera from calves inoculated with US and Australian isolates of EHDV and Palyam viruses cross-reacted with the BTV antigen in the BPS cELISA. The total agreement between the two assays for all the total bovine and ovine field sera was 98.1%. The overall results substantiate the usefulness of the BPS cELISA test kit for monitoring animal sera for group-specific antibodies to BTV. The slightly lower analytical sensitivity associated with the detection of antibody during early phase of infection in some animals would not be significant in the context of herd testing or any regulatory program.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document