scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lv ◽  
Yunbo Chen ◽  
Lisi Zheng ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Ping Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Abstract Background: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficle) infection (CDI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients can be recurrent, resulting in poor outcomes, but the molecular characterization of C. difficle in IBD patients remains to be well-established in China. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of C. difficile in adult and pediatric IBD patients in China. Methods: C. difficile strains were isolated and identified from the fecal samples of adult and pediatric IBD patients. Toxigenic strains were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials was evaluated using E-test.Results: Among the 838 IBD patients, 96 (11.5%) patients were positive for CDI, which comprised of 53 adult (9.6%) and 43 children (14.9%) cases. Isolates positive for both toxin A and toxin B genes (A+B+) accounted for 90.2% (74/82), while the remaining 9.8% were negative for toxin A, but positive for toxin B (A–B+). These toxigenic strains were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, but highly resistant to clindamycin, levofloxacin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the isolates obtained from pediatric patients had a significantly higher resistance rate to clindamycin, when compared to isolates obtained from adult CDI (p=0.009). In addition, these toxigenic strains were categorized as 18 sequence types (STs). The dominant types consisted of ST-35 (20.7%), ST-2 (17.1%), ST-54 (13.4%) and ST-3 (13.4%) in all patients, ST-2 (19.6%), ST-35 (15.2%) and ST-54 (13.0%) in adult patients, and ST-35 (27.8%), ST-3 (19.4%), ST-2 (13.9%), ST-54 (13.9%) and ST-37(8.3%) in pediatric patients, respectively. All isolates formed three distinct clusters in the phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions: The incidence and molecular epidemiology of C. difficile infection in adult IBD patients resembled CDI in the general inpatient population. A higher antibiotic resistance rate was identified among the C. difficile isolates obtained from pediatric IBD patients, and few STs accounted for most multidrug-resistant strains. However, the molecular genetic features of the same ST-type between these two groups remained highly correlated.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Clostridioides difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenjie Tang ◽  
Chengcheng Liu ◽  
Yaping Han ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Wenying Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Quinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: The epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection(CDI) in China is different from western countries and the characteristics of CDI among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in China may be unique. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and to find out the risk factors of CDI among IBD inpatients in Jiangsu Province, China. Methods: Patients with IBD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from August 2013 to December 2018 were enrolled. IBD patients were matched with non IBD patients according to age and gender. Diarrhea samples were sent for CDI diagnosis and the molecular epidemiology investigation was performed. Finally, patients’ information was collected and logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the independent risk factors of CDI in IBD patients. Results: In this study, the incidence of CDI in IBD patients was much higher than that in non IBD patients (24.6% vs. 9.0%) and community acquired infection was the main kind. The predominant type of epidemic strain of C. difficile in this study was ST54. The shorter history of IBD and recent use of quinolone antibiotics were independent risk factors for CDI among diarrhea patients with IBD. Conclusion: If the duration of IBD is within one year or quinolone antibiotics have been used recently, clinicians should consider the possibility of IBD patients complicated with CDI and adjust the treatment plan.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Profile in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zhuang ◽  
Caiguang Liu ◽  
Shukai Zhan ◽  
Zhenyi Tian ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Background and Aim: Accumulating evidence have implicated gut microbiota alterations in pediatric and adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the results of different studies are often inconsistent and even contradictory. It is believed that early changes in new-onset and treatment-naïve pediatric patients are more informative. We performed a systematic review to investigate the gut microbiota profiles in pediatric IBD and identify specific microbiota biomarkers associated with this disorder.Methods: Electronic databases were searched from inception to 31 July 2020 for studies that observed gut microbiota alterations in pediatric patients with IBD. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.Results: A total of 41 original studies investigating gut microbiota profiles in pediatric patients with IBD were included in this review. Several studies have reported a decrease in α-diversity and an overall difference in β-diversity. Although no specific gut microbiota alterations were consistently reported, a gain in Enterococcus and a significant decrease in Anaerostipes, Blautia, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospira were found in the majority of the included articles. Moreover, there is insufficient data to show specific microbiota bacteria associated with disease activity, location, and behavior in pediatric IBD.Conclusions: This systematic review identified evidence for differences in the abundance of some bacteria in pediatric patients with IBD when compared to patients without IBD; however, no clear overall conclusion could be drawn from the included studies due to inconsistent results and heterogeneous methodologies. Further studies with large samples that follow more rigorous and standardized methodologies are needed.

scholarly journals Laboratory Assessment of Disease Activity in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What’s New?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Rayna Shentova-Eneva ◽  
Tsvetelina Velikova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Laboratory tests are an integral part of both the diagnostic and follow-up algorithm of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Their advantages over other non-invasive methods for assessing disease activity are greater objectivity than clinical activity indices and imaging studies. This review aims to analyze shortly the most common laboratory tests used to assess disease activity in pediatric patients with IBD. In addition to the conventional blood and serum markers that are not specific for gut inflammation, although routinely used, we also reviewed the established fecal markers such as calprotectin, lactoferrin, M2-pyruvate kinase, osteoprotegerin, HMGB1, chitinase 3-like 1, and the promising non-coding microRNA. In conclusion, neither marker is unique to the pediatric IBD. More clinical data are required to assess biomarkers’ full potential for diagnosis, management, and follow-up of pediatric IBD patients.

scholarly journals Disaccharidase Deficiency in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chance S. Friesen ◽  
William San Pablo ◽  
Julie Bass ◽  
Uttam Garg ◽  
Jennifer M. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Lactase Deficiency ◽  
Cd 31 ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Background: Disaccharidase (DS) deficiencies have been reported in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the relationship between duodenal inflammation and DS deficiency has not been evaluated outside of lactase deficiency. Methods: This study assessed DS levels and DS deficiencies in pediatric IBD patients who underwent endoscopy with assessment of DS activity. Records were reviewed for IBD subtype, pathology findings, and the results of DS analysis. Results: A total of 136 patients were identified. Overall, 89 (65.4%) patients had a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD), 31 (22.8%) patients had a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC), and 16 (11.8%) patients had a diagnosis of indeterminant colitis. Lactase deficiency was identified in 55.9% of patients, followed by maltase deficiency (19.9%), sucrase and palatinase deficiency (14%), and pan-deficiency (12.5%). When analyzing only patients with CD, patients with duodenitis were more likely to exhibit sucrase deficiency, palatinase deficiency, and pan-deficiency with a trend towards maltase deficiency. Conclusions: The most common DS deficiency was lactase deficiency; however, this was not related to duodenal inflammation. Pediatric patients with CD and duodenal inflammation exhibit DS deficiencies, namely, sucrase, palatinase, and pan-deficiency. Dietary adjustments may be warranted temporarily until duodenal inflammation is healed in patients with CD and duodenitis.

scholarly journals The interplay of Clostridioides difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482110202
Author(s):  
Kanika Sehgal ◽  
Devvrat Yadav ◽  
Sahil Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestinal tract that commonly presents with diarrhea. Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common complications associated with IBD that lead to flare-ups of underlying IBD. The pathophysiology of CDI includes perturbations of the gut microbiota, which makes IBD a risk factor due to the gut microbial alterations that occur in IBD, predisposing patients CDI even in the absence of antibiotics. Superimposed CDI not only worsens IBD symptoms but also leads to adverse outcomes, including treatment failure and an increased risk of hospitalization, surgery, and mortality. Due to the overlapping symptoms and concerns with false-positive molecular tests for CDI, diagnosing CDI in patients with IBD remains a clinical challenge. It is crucial to have a high index of suspicion for CDI in patients who seem to be experiencing an exacerbation of IBD symptoms. Vancomycin and fidaxomicin are the first-line treatments for the management of CDI in IBD. Microbiota restoration therapies effectively prevent recurrent CDI in IBD patients. Immunosuppression for IBD in IBD patients with CDI should be managed individually, based on a thorough clinical assessment and after weighing the pros and cons of escalation of therapy. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, the diagnosis of CDI in IBD, and outlines the principles of management of both CDI and IBD in IBD patients with CDI.

scholarly journals Premedication Does Not Influence the Incidence of Infliximab Infusion Reactions in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Single Center Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3177
Author(s):  
Edyta Szymanska ◽  
Maciej Dadalski ◽  
Joanna Sieczkowska-Golub ◽  
Dorota Jarzebicka ◽  
Monika Meglicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Infusion Reactions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study

Background: Infusion reactions (IRs) are the most common adverse events (AEs) of infliximab (IFX) treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Prophylactic premedication (PM) with corticosteroids or antihistamines prior to IFX infusions has been used in clinical practice, but its efficacy is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of steroid PM on IR incidence in pediatric patients with IBD receiving IFX. Methods: We performed a case–control study that included pediatric patients with IBD receiving IFX. Patients were divided into four subgroups according to the agent and PM they received: Remicade (original drug) + PM, and two biosimilars—Reshma +/− PM, and Flixabi—PM. At our site, until 2018, PM with steroids was used as a part of standard IFX infusion (PM+); however, since then, this method has no longer been administered (PM−). IRs were divided into mild/severe reactions. Differences between subgroups were assessed with the appropriate chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between PM and IR incidence, correcting for co-medication usage. Results: There were 105 children (55 PM+, 44 male, mean age 15 years) included in the study who received 1276 infusions. There was no difference between the PM+ and PM− subgroups, either in incidence of IR (18.2% vs. 16.0% of patients, p > 0.05) or in percentage of infusions followed by IR (2.02% vs. 1.02% of infusions, p > 0.5). The OR of developing IR when using PM was 0.34, and the difference in IRs ratio in PM+ and PM− patients was not statistically significant (95% CI, 0.034–1.9). There were 11/18 (61.1%) severe IRs (anaphylactic shock) reported in all patients (both PM+ and PM−). Conclusion: At our site, the incidence of IR was low, and PM did not decrease the incidence of IR in pediatric patients with IBD receiving IFX. These results indicate that PM with steroids should not be a standard part of IFX infusion to prevent IR.

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