Identification of Cryptosporidium species, Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes, and Giardia duodenalis assemblages in birds in Henan, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiju Dong ◽  
Ru Cheng ◽  
Xinmiao Li ◽  
Junqiang Li ◽  
Yuancai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Turtle Dove

Abstract BackgroundDomesticated, wild, and migratory birds have been known to transmit diseases such as diarrhea in humans and other animals, but studies specifically on the zoonotic pathogens Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Giardia duodenalis in birds in Henan Province, China are lacking. Hence, this study sought to characterize the prevalence of these pathogens, and to identify the different species of Cryptosporidium and their phylogenetic relationships, the genotypes of E. bieneusi, and the assemblages of G. duodenalis, in birds in the province. MethodsFresh fecal samples were collected from birds in parks and pet shops in Henan, China and were screened for the presence of the pathogens using nest-PCR amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. ResultsA total of 1,005 fecal samples were collected from 32 species of birds. 21 fecal samples (2.09%) were found positive for Cryptosporidium spp., 45 (4.48%) for E. bieneusi, and 33 (3.28%) for G. duodenalis. This study identified five Cryptosporidium species: C. baileyi (10 out of 21 fecal samples, 47.62%) in crested myna (Acridotheres cristatellus), Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora), Chinese hwamei (Garrulax canorus), common quail (Coturnix coturnix), and Chinese grosbeak (Eophona migratoria); C. galli (5/21, 23.81%) in Chinese blackbird (Turdus mandarinus), zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), and white-eyes (Zosterops sp.); C. andersoni (1/21, 4.76%) in a white-eye for the first time; C. meleagridis (4/21, 19.05%) in parrots and crested myna; and C. parvum (1/21, 4.76%) in a pigeon. Two E. bieneusi genotypes: Peru6 and PtEb I were found in pigeons and European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur). The G. duodenalis assemblage E was detected in parrots, common hill myna, crested myna, Java sparrow, white-eyes, black-throated laughingthrush, and other birds. ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the aforementioned species of birds in Henan, China could be a source of zoonotic pathogens, such as C. meleagridis, C. andersoni, C. parvum, E. bieneusi genotype Peru6, and G. duodenalis assemblage E, that cause diseases in humans.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection in Wild Rodents From Six Provinces in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Bo Ni ◽  
Yu-Zhe Sun ◽  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
Yan-Chun Wang ◽  
Quan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
First Time ◽  
Genotype Ii

Enterocytozoon (E.) bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. are the most important zoonotic enteric pathogens associated with diarrheal diseases in animals and humans. However, it is still not known whether E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. are carried by wild rodents in Shanxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Inner Mongolia, China. In the present study, a total of 536 feces samples were collected from Rattus (R.) norvegicus, Mus musculus, Spermophilus (S.) dauricus, and Lasiopodomys brandti in six provinces of China, and were detected by PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium spp. and ITS gene of E. bieneusi from June 2017 to November 2020. Among 536 wild rodents, 62 (11.6%) and 18 (3.4%) samples were detected as E. bieneusi- and Cryptosporidium spp.-positive, respectively. Differential prevalence rates of E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. were found in different regions. E. bieneusi was more prevalent in R. norvegicus, whereas Cryptosporidium spp. was more frequently identified in S. dauricus. Sequence analysis indicated that three known Cryptosporidium species/genotypes (Cryptosporidium viatorum, Cryptosporidium felis, and Cryptosporidium sp. rat genotype II/III) and two uncertain Cryptosporidium species (Cryptosporidium sp. novel1 and Cryptosporidium sp. novel2) were present in the investigated wild rodents. Meanwhile, 5 known E. bieneusi genotypes (XJP-II, EbpC, EbpA, D, and NCF7) and 11 novel E. bieneusi genotypes (ZJR1 to ZJR7, GXM1, HLJC1, HLJC2, and SDR1) were also observed. This is the first report for existence of E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. in wild rodents in Shanxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang, and Shandong, China. The present study also demonstrated the existence of E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. in S. dauricus worldwide for the first time. This study not only provided the basic data for the distribution of E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium genotypes/species, but also expanded the host range of the two parasites. Moreover, the zoonotic E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium species/genotypes were identified in the present study, suggesting wild rodents are a potential source of human infections.

scholarly journals Genotyping pattern of the vacuolating cytotoxin A and cytotoxin associated gene A of the Helicobacter pylori strains detected in fecal samples of household dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asieh Bolandi ◽  
Saam Torkan ◽  
Iman Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
H Pylori

In despite of the high clinical impact of Helicobacter pylori, its exact sources and routes of transmission are unknown. Dogs may play an imperative role in the transmission of H. pylori to humans. The current investigation was done to study the status of vacA and cagA genotypes in the H. pylori strains of dogs. One-hundred and fifty fecal samples were collected from healthy and complicated household dogs. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples and presence of 16S rRNA gene was studied using the PCR amplification. Distribution of vacA and cagA genotypes were studied by the multiplex PCR. Thirteen out of 150 fecal samples (8.66%) were positive for H. pylori 16S rRNA gene. Prevalence of H. pylori in healthy and complicated dogs were 5.55% and 8.57%, respectively. Male had the higher prevalence of H. pylori (P=0.038). The most commonly detected genotypes among the H. pylori strains were vacAs1A (61.53%), cagA (38.46%), vacAm1a (38.46%), vacAs2 (30.76%) and vacAm2 (30.76%). The most commonly detected combined genotypes were s1aCagA (30.76%), s1am1a (23.07%), s2m1a (23.07%) and s2CagA (23.07%). Iranian household dogs harbor H. pylori in their fecal samples similar in genotypes of the vacA and cagA alleles which suggest that complicated and even healthy dogs may be the latent host of the H. pylori and its genotypes. However, supplementary studies are required to found the exact role of dogs as a definitive host of the H. pylori.

scholarly journals Quantitative Measure of Small-Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences of the Kingdom Korarchaeota

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 5064-5066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford F. Brunk ◽  
Nicole Eis
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Rdna Sequences

ABSTRACT Comparative PCR amplification of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences indicates substantial preferential PCR amplification of pJP27 sequences with korarchaeote-specific PCR primers. The coamplification of a modified SSU rDNA sequence can be used as an internal standard to determine the amount of a specific SSU rDNA sequence.

scholarly journals Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Gansu, northwest China

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Yilin Wang ◽  
Jianke Cao ◽  
Yankai Chang ◽  
Fuchang Yu ◽  
Sumei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
And Control

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are common gastrointestinal parasites with a broad range of hosts, including humans, livestock, and wildlife. To examine the infection status and assess the zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in dairy cattle in Gansu, China, a total of 1414 fecal samples were collected from the rectum, with one sample collected from each individual animal. All the samples were tested using nested PCR based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis. The overall infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were 4.2% (n = 59) and 1.0% (n = 14), respectively. Four Cryptosporidium species were identified: C. andersoni (n = 42), C. parvum (n = 12), C. bovis (n = 5), and C. ryanae (n = 1). In further analyses of subtypes of C. parvum isolates based on the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene, five were successfully subtyped as IIdA19G1 (n = 4) and IIdA15G1 (n = 1). All 14 G. duodenalis isolates were identified as assemblage E using the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. The relatively low positive rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis detected here and the predominance of non-human pathogenic species/assemblages of these parasites indicated their unique transmission dynamics in this area and the low level of threat posed to public health. However, continuous monitoring and further studies of these parasites should be conducted for the prevention and control of these pathogens.

scholarly journals First detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexin Wang ◽  
Kaihui Zhang ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Azhar Gazizova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Whooper Swan

Abstract Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a parasite that infects humans and a wide range of other animals. The large migratory waterfowl, the whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), travels through many cities during its migration and can spread parasites. Despite receiving increasing attention worldwide, there have been no reports of E. bieneusi infection occurring in C. cygnus. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of E. bieneusi in C. cygnus in Sanmenxia, China. Methods Altogether, 467 fresh fecal samples were collected in the Swan Wetland Park in Sanmenxia, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh fecal samples (n = 467) and E. bieneusi was identified by nested PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. ITS-positive sequences were aligned and phylogenetically analyzed to determine the genotypes of E. bieneusi. Results The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in C. cygnus was 7.49% (35/467). Sequencing of the 35 positive samples revealed eight known genotypes (EbpA, EbpC, Henan-III, Henan-IV, BEB6, CD9, Peru6 and PtEb IX) and three novel genotypes (CSW1, CSW2 and CSW3). The phylogenetic tree constructed from the ITS sequences showed that seven genotypes (Peru6, EbpA, EbpC, Henan-III, CSW3, Henan-IV and CSW1) clustered within the zoonotic Group 1 while the remaining novel genotype CSW2 clustered within Group 5. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi in C. cygnus. Of public health significance, our results suggest that migratory C. cygnus might play an important role in the water-borne transmission of E. bieneusi. Effective strategies will be necessary to control E. bieneusi infection in C. cygnus, other animals and humans.

scholarly journals Detection of Pneumocystis in lungs of bats from Brazil by PCR amplification

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Maria Cavallini Sanches ◽  
Susi M. Pacheco ◽  
Alison S. Cericatto ◽  
Rosane M. Melo ◽  
Edson Molleta Colodel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Tadarida Brasiliensis ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Wide Range

Pneumocystis has been isolated from a wide range of unrelated mammalian hosts, including humans, domestic and wild animals. It has been demonstrated that the genome of Pneumocystis of one host differs markedly from that of other hosts. Also, variation in the chromosome and DNA sequence of Pneumocystis within a single host species has been observed. Since information about the occurrence and nature of infections in wild animals is still limited, the objective of this work was to detect the presence of Pneumocystis sp. in lungs of bats from two states from Brazil by Nested-PCR amplification. The bats, captured in caves and in urban areas, were obtained from the Program of Rabies Control of two States in Brazil, Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul, located in the Mid-Western and Southern regions of the country, respectively. DNAs were extracted from 102 lung tissues and screened for Pneumocystis by nested PCR at the mtLSU rRNA gene and small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (mtSSU rRNA). Gene amplification was performed using the mtLSU rRNA, the primer set pAZ102H - pAZ102E and pAZ102X - pAZY, and the mtSSU rRNA primer set pAZ102 10FRI - pAZ102 10R-RI and pAZ102 13RI - pAZ102 14RI. The most frequent bats were Tadarida brasiliensis (25), Desmodus rotundus (20), and Nyctinomops laticaudatus (19). Pneumocystis was more prevalent in the species Nyctinomops laticaudatus (26.3% = 5/19), Tadarida brasiliensis (24% = 6/25), and Desmodus rotundus (20% = 4/20). Besides these species, Pneumocystis also was detected in lungs from Molossus molossus (1/11, 9.1%), Artibeus fimbriatus (1/1, 100%), Sturnira lilium (1/3, 33.3%), Myotis levis (2/3, 66.7%)and Diphylla ecaudata (1/2, 50%). PCR products which could indicate the presence of Pneumocystis (21.56%) were identified in DNA samples obtained from 8 out of 16 classified species from both states (5 bats were not identified). This is the first report of detection of Pneumocystis in bats from Brazil.

scholarly journals Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes and Infections in the Horses in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
Haeseung Lee ◽  
Seung-Hun Lee ◽  
Yu-Ran Lee ◽  
Ha-Young Kim ◽  
Bo-Youn Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Breeding Farms

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a microsporidian pathogen. Recently, the equestrian population is increasing in Korea. The horse-related zoonotic pathogens, including E. bieneusi, are concerns of public health. A total of 1,200 horse fecal samples were collected from riding centers and breeding farms in Jeju Island and inland areas. Of the fecal samples 15 (1.3%) were PCR positive for E. bieneusi. Interestingly, all positive samples came from Jeju Island. Diarrhea and infection in foals were related. Two genotypes (horse1, horse2) were identified as possible zoonotic groups requiring continuous monitoring.

scholarly journals First Identification and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Prevalence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis in Patients with Acute Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Ji-Young Kwon ◽  
Ji-Ye Seo ◽  
Tae-Yun Kim ◽  
Hee-Il Lee ◽  
Jung-Won Ju
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Encephalitozoon Intestinalis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Group 1

Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi can cause diarrhea in humans, especially severe diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. However, there have been few studies on Enc. intestinalis and Ent. bieneusi in patients with acute diarrhea in the Republic of Korea (ROK). In this study, fecal samples were collected from 1241 patients with acute diarrhea in 2020. Among these, 24 cases of Enc. intestinalis and one case of Ent. bieneusi were detected via PCR amplification of small subunit ribosomal RNA. Genotyping of the internal transcribed spacer region sequence revealed that the detected Ent. bieneusi genotype was in Group 1. This study provides the first evidence that Ent. bieneusi exists in humans in addition to animals in the ROK. To identify the causative agent, continuous monitoring of Enc. intestinalis and Ent. bieneusi is necessary for patients with acute diarrhea in the ROK.

scholarly journals Host-adaptation of the rare Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype CHN4 in Myocastor coypus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuchang Yu ◽  
Yangwenna Cao ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Aiyun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Infection Source

Abstract Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen and can infect both humans and animals. The coypu (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent, in which few E. bieneusi infections have been reported and the distribution of genotypes and zoonotic potential remains unknown.Methods: A total of 308 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven coypu farms in China to determine the infection rate and the distribution of genotypes of E. bieneusi from coypus using nested-PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene.Results: Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected with an infection rate of 41.2% (n = 127). Four genotypes were identified, including three known genotypes (CHN4 (n = 111), EbpC (n = 8) and EbpA (n = 7)) and a novel genotype named CNCP1 (n = 1). Conclusions: The rare genotype CHN4 was the most common genotype in the present study, and the transmission dynamics of E. bieneusi in coypus were different from other rodents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infections in coypus in China. Our study reveals that E. bieneusi in coypus may be a potential infection source to humans.

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