Quantitative analysis of the effect of fraction of inspired oxygen on peripheral oxygen saturation in healthy volunteers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Bang ◽  
Changhun Cho ◽  
Eun-Kyung Lee ◽  
Byung-Moon Choi ◽  
Gyu-Jeong Noh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Turnover Model ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Fraction Of Inspired Oxygen ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

Abstract Background The international organization for standardization (ISO) 80601-2-61 dictates that the accuracy of a pulse oximeter should be assessed by a controlled desaturation study. We aimed to characterize the relationship between the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) using a turnover model by retrospectively analyzing the data obtained from previous controlled desaturation studies. We also measured the changes in biomarkers expected to be related to hypoxia (i.e., lactate, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and methemoglobin (MetHb)) in response to short-term exposure to hypoxia.Methods Volunteers were exposed to various levels of induced hypoxia over 70−100% arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ). The study period consisted of two rounds of hypoxia and the volunteers were maintained in room air between each round. FiO 2 and SpO 2 were recorded continuously during the study period. A population pharmacodynamic analysis was performed with the NONMEM VII level 4 (ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD, USA). Lactate, COHb, and MetHb were measured using a CO-oximeter.Results In total, 2899 SpO 2 data points obtained from 20 volunteers were used to determine the pharmacodynamic characteristics. The pharmacodynamic parameters were as follows: k out = 0.942 1/min, Imax = 0.802, IC 50 = 85.3%, γ = 27.3. The changes in SpO 2 due to decreases in FiO 2 well explained by the turnover model with inhibitory function as a sigmoidal model. As SpO 2 decreased, lactate and COHb increased as a whole, and COHb showed the best correlation (Pearson’s correlation, R 2 =0.3263, P < 0.0001).Conclusion The potency of FiO 2 required to reduce SpO 2 from 100% to 70% was 14.7%. Carboxyhemoglobin has the potential to be a useful biomarker for acute hypoxia.

Engineering Evaluation of the Performance of an Automatic Peripheral Oxygen Controller Using a Neonatal Respiratory Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Faqeeh ◽  
Roger Fales ◽  
John Pardalos ◽  
Ramak Amjad ◽  
Isabella Zaniletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
Fraction Of Inspired Oxygen ◽  
Dynamic Adaptability ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

Premature infants often require respiratory support with a varying concentration of the fraction of inspired oxygen FiO2 to keep the arterial oxygen saturation typically measured using a peripheral sensor (SpO2) within the desired range to avoid both hypoxia and hyperoxia. The widespread practice for controlling the fraction of inspired oxygen is by manual adjustment. Automatic control of the oxygen to assist care providers is desired. A novel closed-loop respiratory support device with dynamic adaptability is evaluated nonclinically by using a neonatal respiratory response model. The device demonstrated the ability to improve oxygen saturation control over manual control by increasing the proportion of time where SpO2 is within the desired range while minimizing the episodes and periods where SpO2 of the neonatal respiratory model is out of the target range.

scholarly journals Performance of the MP570T pulse oximeter in volunteers participating in the controlled desaturation study: a comparison of seven probes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Byung-Moon Choi ◽  
Bong Jin Kang ◽  
Ho-Yong Yun ◽  
Bokyoung Jeon ◽  
Ji-Yeon Bang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Breathing Circuit ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Hypoxic Gas Mixture ◽  
Finger Probe

Background: The performance of the pulse oximeter was evaluated based on the ISO 80601-2-61:2011 (E) guidelines. This study aimed to determine whether the various finger probes of the MP570T pulse oximeter (MEK-ICS Co., Ltd., Korea) would provide clinically reliable peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings over a range of 70100% arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during non-motion conditions.Methods: Each volunteer (n = 12) was connected to a breathing circuit for the administration of a hypoxic gas mixture. For frequent blood sampling, an arterial cannula was placed in a radial artery. The following seven pulse oximeter probes were simultaneously attached to each volunteer’s fingers: (1) WA-100 reusable finger probe (MEDNIS Co., Ltd., Korea), (2) MDNA disposable finger probe (MEDNIS Co., Ltd.), (3) IS-1011 disposable finger probe (Insung Medical Co., Ltd., Korea), (4) CJ340NA disposable finger probe (CHUN JI IN Medical Co., Ltd., Korea), (5) NellcorTM OxiMax DS-100A reusable finger probe (Medtronic, USA), (6) NellcorTM OxiMax MAX-N disposable finger probe (Medtronic), and (7) OXI-PRO DA disposable finger probe (Bio-Protech Inc., Korea). Results: A total of 275 SpO2-SaO2 pairs were included in the analysis. The accuracy of the root mean square (Arms) of each probe was 2.83%, 3.98%, 3.75%, 6.84%, 3.43%, 5.17%, and 3.84%, respectively.Conclusions: The MP570T pulse oximeter with WA-100 reusable, MDNA disposable, IS-1011 disposable, NellcorTM OxiMax DS-100A reusable, and OXI-PRO DA disposable finger probes meets an acceptable standard of SpO2 accuracy under non-motion conditions.

Effect of hyperoxia and hypoxia on exercise-induced breathlessness in normal subjects

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chronos ◽  
L. Adams ◽  
A. Guz
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

1. The subjective changes accompanying alterations in inspired oxygen concentration during heavy exercise have been investigated single blind, in normal subjects. 2. In particular, the intensity of the sensation of breathlessness was quantified using a visual analogue scale and changes were compared with those in objective ventilatory measures. 3. Eleven subjects performed three steady-state workload exercise tests on different days and 100% O2, 15% O2 or air were randomly administered for a fixed interval during each test. 4. Compared with air breathing, all subjects felt less breathless during 100% O2 breathing, and ten of them felt more breathless when inspiring 15% O2; these changes were reversed on return to air breathing. 5. During and after 100% O2, the time course of changes in breathlessness was similar to those for ear arterial oxygen saturation and minute ventilation such that it could be a secondary response to either. However, during and after inspiration of 15% O2, changes in breathlessness occurred relatively more quickly than those in ventilation, more closely reflecting changes in oxygen saturation; this suggests that hypoxia, per se, could contribute to the genesis of this sensation. 6. Individual variability in breathlessness responses to exercise and changes in inspired oxygen concentration did not correlate with objective ventilatory changes; neither were changes in breathlessness in the group particularly associated with changes in respiratory frequency or tidal volume.

scholarly journals Learning about reflective PPG for SpO2 determination using Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Idoia Badiola Aguirregomezcorta ◽  
Vladimir Blazek ◽  
Steffen Leonhardt ◽  
Christoph Hoog Antink
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Descent ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation

Abstract Reflective Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are less obtrusive than transmissive sensors, but they present patient-dependent variations in the so-called “Ratio of Modulation” (R). Thus, the conventionally employed calibration curves for determining peripheral oxygen saturation ( SpO2) may report inaccurate values. In this paper, we study the possibility of overcoming these limitations through Machine Learning (ML). For that, we show the results of applying several algorithms and feature combinations to PPG data from a human hypoxia study. The study was performed on ten healthy subjects. Their target oxygen saturation was reduced in five steps from 98- 100% to 70-77% through an oral mask. Blood Gas Analysis (BGA) was performed five times for each saturation level to measure the arterial oxygen saturation. PPG data were acquired from a reflective pulse oximeter placed in the subjects’ ear canals. PPG signals were pre-processed, and several features in the frequency and temporal domain were calculated. For the ML algorithms’ input, we explored different combinations of the features. We trained and validated the algorithms with the data from seven patients, and we tested them on three. Finally, we performed leaveone- out cross-validation to ensure the universality of the methods. The results show a good agreement of the predictions with the BGA values for Linear Regression, k- Nearest Neighbors, Stochastic Gradient Descent, and Neural Network for all input feature combinations with an average RMSE in the range of 3%. However, the performance of the Linear Regression was not beaten by the Neural Network, even for overfitting with 2000 hidden layers. The combination of R calculated with a Fast-Fourier Transform and ACRMS.red/ACRMS.irsignificantly improved the results, reducing the RMSE by 25%. This work demonstrates that a straight-forward Linear Regression is capable of determining SpO2with reflective PPG independently of the subject if the ratio ACRMS.red/ACRMS.ir is considered simultaneously with the Ratio of Modulation.

Effects of Inspired Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Gas Mixtures on Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Neonates with Univentricular Heart Defects

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Ramamoorthy ◽  
Sarah Tabbutt ◽  
C. Dean Kurth ◽  
James M. Steven ◽  
Lisa M. Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Single Ventricle ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

Background Neonates with functional single ventricle often require hypoxic or hypercapnic inspired gas mixtures to reduce pulmonary overcirculation and improve systemic perfusion. Although the impact of these treatments on arterial oxygen saturation has been described, the effects on cerebral oxygenation remain uncertain. This study examined the effect of these treatments on cerebral oxygen saturation and systemic hemodynamics. Methods Neonates with single ventricle mechanically ventilated with room air were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial of 17% inspired oxygen or 3% inspired carbon dioxide. Each treatment lasted 10 min, followed by a 10-20-min washout period. Cerebral and arterial oxygen saturation were measured by cerebral and pulse oximetry, respectively. Cerebral oxygen saturation, arterial oxygen saturation, and other physiologic data were continuously recorded. Results Three percent inspired carbon dioxide increased cerebral oxygen saturation (56 +/- 13 to 68 +/- 13%; P &lt; 0.01), whereas 17% inspired oxygen had no effect (53 +/- 13 to 53 +/- 14%; P = 0.8). Three percent inspired carbon dioxide increased the mean arterial pressure (45 +/- 8 to 50 +/- 9 mmHg; P &lt; 0.01), whereas 17% inspired oxygen had no effect. And 3% inspired carbon dioxide decreased arterial pH and increased arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions. Conclusions Inspired 3% carbon dioxide improved cerebral oxygenation and mean arterial pressure. Treatment with 17% inspired oxygen had no effect on either.

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