Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

Abstract Background This study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran during 2015-16. Methods The required data was obtained from the Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs), which examined 11988 prisoners who were selected using multi-stage sampling from 55 prisons in 19 provinces during 2015-16. The demographic and behavioral status of these subjects were measured through interviews and HBV and HCV exposure were examined using ELISA test of blood samples. A total of 1387 individuals with a history of drug injection in their lifetime were enrolled into this study. Survey analysis was used to analyze the data. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcome. Results The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13; of all, 98.46% were male, 50.97% were married, and 96.57% had non-academic education. The prevalence of HCV and HBV was 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. HCV prevalence was associated with an age≥30 years, being single, non-academic education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in lifetime (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. However, prison by facilitating the easy access to infected group can be considered as an opportunity to achieve the goal of eliminating HCV in the country. It is recommended to design interventions while considering the risk factors of prison term, piercing, and extramarital sex.

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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Improved Cattle of Chitwan, Nawalpur and Rupandehi Districts of Nepal

Nepalese Veterinary Journal ◽

10.3126/nvj.v36i0.27760 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 93-97

Author(s):

A. Thapa ◽

M. P. Acharya ◽

R. Raut ◽

S. Rimal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Viral Diarrhea ◽

History Of

This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in improved dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nawalpur and Rupandehi Districts of Nepal. Altogether 92 blood samples were aseptically collected from jugular vein of cattle and transferred to clot activator tube and transported to National Cattle Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan. This cross sectional study was carried out from Mangsir to Magh of 2075 B.S using purposive sampling Serum separation was done by centrifugation @3500 for 5 minutes. The serum was stored at -20°C till ELISA test was done. Serological analysis was done according to the protocol of ID.vet BVD Ab ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using Ms excel and SPSS version 20.0.The seroprevalence of BVD Virus was found to be 7.76%. Provided that no history of vaccination against BVD in cattle was done in the study area, seropositive was due to natural infection. Geographic location as well as sampling method might have contributed to this result. The result indicated lower prevalence along with no statistical significance to breed and age risk factors undertaken during the research. However significant association was observed between abortion history and seropositivity. Hence, there is a need of further research to identify the disease burden and its impact in the agricultural gross domestic products (AGDP).

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Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.24162/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ghobad Moradi ◽

Parvin Mohamadi ◽

Bushra Zareie ◽

Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hbv Vaccination ◽

Multi Stage ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Hcv Screening

Abstract Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran during 2015-16. Methods : The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) of 11988 prisoners who were selected using multi-stage sampling method from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces during 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral status of subjects were collected through interviews and the status of HBV and HCV exposure were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a lifetime history of drug injection were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Results : The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. HCV prevalence was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in a lifetime (P<0.05). Conclusions : The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures for HCV screening and treatment and HBV vaccination for incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination.

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Prevalence of and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: A cross sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05541-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ghobad Moradi ◽

Parvin Mohamadi ◽

Bushra Zareie ◽

Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioral Variables ◽

B Virus ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Regression Tests

Abstract Background This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran in 2015–16. Methods The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) on 11,988 prisoners selected from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces in 2015–16. The data on demographics and behavioral variables were collected through interviews and the status of exposure to HBV and HCV were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a history of drug injection in their lifetime were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE software, Version 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Results The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all the studied subjects, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV among the subjects were 40.52 and 2.46%, respectively. The prevalence of HCV was associated with age ≥ 30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term> 5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in lifetime (P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures to screen and treat patients with HCV and vaccinat incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination against HBV.

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Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.24162/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ghobad Moradi ◽

Parvin Mohamadi ◽

Bushra Zareie ◽

Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioral Variables ◽

B Virus ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Regression Tests

Abstract Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran in 2015-16. Methods: The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) on 11988 prisoners selected from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces in 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral variables were collected through interviews and the status of exposure to HBV and HCV were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a history of drug injection in their lifetime were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE software, Version 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes.Results: The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all the studied subjects, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV among the subjects were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. The prevalence of HCV was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in lifetime (P<0.05).Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures to screen and treat patients with HCV and vaccinat incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination against HBV.

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Prevalence and risk factors for HBV and HCV among incarcerated people who inject drugs in Iran: a cross sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.24162/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ghobad Moradi ◽

Parvin Mohamadi ◽

Bushra Zareie ◽

Mohammad Aziz Rasouli ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Gouya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

People Who Inject Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioral Variables ◽

B Virus ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Regression Tests

Abstract Background: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran in 2015-16. Methods : The required data was collected from a database provided by Iranian national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys (BBSSs) on 11988 prisoners selected from among 55 prisons in 19 provinces in 2015-16. The data on demographics and behavioral variables were collected through interviews and the status of exposure to HBV and HCV were determined using ELISA blood test. A total of 1387 individuals with a history of drug injection in their lifetime were enrolled into the study. Data were analyzed using the survey package in Stata/SE software, Version 14.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and outcomes.Results : The mean age of the incarcerated PWID was 36.83 ± 8.13 years. Of all the studied subjects, 98.46% were male and 50.97% were married. The prevalence of HCV and HBV among the subjects were 40.52% and 2.46%, respectively. The prevalence of HCV was associated with age≥30 years, being single, illiteracy and low level of education, prison term>5 years, history of piercing, and extramarital sex in lifetime (P<0.05). Conclusions : The prevalence of HCV is alarmingly high. In general, it is recommended to adopt measures to screen and treat patients with HCV and vaccinat incarcerated PWID without a history of vaccination against HBV.

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Prevalence of bone fracture and its association with severe hypoglycemia in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-002099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e002099

Author(s):

Yuji Komorita ◽

Masae Minami ◽

Yasutaka Maeda ◽

Rie Yoshioka ◽

Toshiaki Ohkuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Fracture Risk ◽

Bone Fracture ◽

Severe Hypoglycemia ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Anatomic Site ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

IntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with higher fracture risk. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between severe hypoglycemia and fracture risk in patients with T1D, and the results are controversial. Besides, none has investigated the risk factors for fracture in Asian patients with T1D. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of bone fracture and its relationship between severe hypoglycemia and other risk factors in Japanese patients with T1D.Research design and methodsThe single-center cross-sectional study enrolled 388 Japanese patients with T1D (mean age, 45.2 years; women, 60.4%; mean duration of diabetes, 16.6 years) between October 2019 and April 2020. The occurrence and circumstances of any fracture after the diagnosis of T1D were identified using a self-administered questionnaire. The main outcomes were any anatomic site of fracture and fall-related fracture. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as an episode of hypoglycemia that required the assistance of others to achieve recovery.ResultsA total of 92 fractures occurred in 64 patients, and 59 fractures (64%) were fall-related. Only one participant experienced fracture within the 10 years following their diagnosis of diabetes. In logistic regression analysis, the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of a history of severe hypoglycemia were 2.11 (1.11 to 4.09) for any fracture and 1.91 (0.93 to 4.02) for fall-related fracture. Fourteen of 18 participants with multiple episodes of any type of fracture had a history of severe hypoglycemia (p<0.001 vs no fracture).ConclusionsWe have shown that a history of severe hypoglycemia is significantly associated with a higher risk of bone fracture in Japanese patients with T1D.

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Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Hospitalized Stroke Patients of Bangladesh

Faridpur Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7405 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

AM Hossain ◽

NU Ahmed ◽

M Rahman ◽

MR Islam ◽

G Sadhya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Low Income ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Previous History ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to analyze prevalence of risk factors for stroke in hospitalized patient in a medical college hospital. 100 patients were chosen using purposive sampling technique. Highest incidence of stroke was between the 6th and 7th decade. Patients came from both urban (54%) and rural (46%) areas and most of them belong to the low-income group (47%). In occupational category; service holder (28%) and retired person (21%) were the highest groups. Most of the study subjects were literate (63%). CT scan study revealed that the incidence of ischaemic stroke was 61% and haemorrhagic stroke 39%. Analysis indicated hypertension as major risk factor for stroke (63%) and major portion of the patients (42.85%) were on irregular or no treatment. Twenty four percent of the patients had heart diseases and out of 24 patients 45.83% were suffering from ischaemic heart disease. The present study detected diabetes in 21% patients. Fifty three percent of the study subjects were smoker, 39% patients had habit of betelnut chewing. Out of 26 female patients, only 23% had history of using oral contraceptives. Majority of the patients were sedentary workers (46%). Thirty seven percent of the stroke patients were obese. Among the stroke patients 9% had previous history of stroke and 3% had TIA respectively. Most of the patients (21%) were awake while they suffered from stroke and the time of occurrence was mostly in the afternoon (46%). This study found that hypertension, cigarette smoking, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus are the major risk factors prevalent in our community while other risk factors demand further study. Key words: stroke; risk factors; hospitalized patients; Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7405 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 19-23

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The Cross-Sectional Determinants of Secessionism in Advanced Democracies

Comparative Political Studies ◽

10.1177/0010414004272538 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 304-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Jason Sorens

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Ethnic Identity ◽

Ethnic Conflict ◽

Political System ◽

Regional Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regional Language ◽

History Of ◽

Advanced Democracies

This article analyzes the “risk factors” of secessionism at the substate, regional level. It seeks to answer the question, What regions are more likely to support more successful secessionist parties? Using new data in cross-sectional regression analysis, the author finds that secessionism involves unique factors not common to other kinds of ethnic conflict. Specifically, in addition to “identity” variables such as regional language and history of independence, the following variables explain secessionist strength: lack of irredentist potential, relative affluence, geographical noncontiguity, population, and multiparty political system. These factors generally serve as activators of ethnic identity rather than a substitute for the same, although there are important cases of nonethnic secessionism.

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The prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among subcontracted hospital cleaners in Thailand

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-01-2021-0040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Thanaphum Laithaisong ◽

Wichai Aekplakorn ◽

Paibul Suriyawongpaisal ◽

Chanunporn Tupthai ◽

Chathaya Wongrathanandha

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Stress Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Content Type ◽

History Of

PurposeThis research aimed to explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and related factors among subcontracted cleaners in a teaching hospital in Thailand.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted of 393 subcontracted cleaners in a teaching hospital, from May to June 2020. Face-to-face interviews were carried out using a standard questionnaire, consisting of four parts: (1) participant characteristics, (2) stress test, (3) work characteristics and (4) standardized Nordic questionnaire, Thai version, for MSDs outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between MSDs and related factors.FindingsThe prevalence of MSDs was 81.9%, involving mostly the lower back (57.7%), followed by the shoulder (52.6%). Factors significantly associated with MSDs were as follows: male gender (OR = 3.06, 95% CI [1.19, 7.87]), severe stress (OR = 2.72, 95% CI [1.13, 6.54]), history of injuries (OR = 4.37, 95% CI [1.27, 15.11]), mopping posture (OR = 2.81, 95% CI [1.43, 5.50]) and task duration (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.01, 3.57] for 2–4 h and OR = 3.39, 95% CI [1.17, 9.86] for more than 4 h). Sick leave due to MSDs was associated with history of injuries, Thai nationality and having another part-time job.Originality/valueThe study findings about MSDs in terms of prevalence and related factors contributed to limited pool of the knowledge among subcontracted hospital cleaners in Thailand and middle-income country settings. With growing popularity in outsourcing cleaning services among hospitals in these countries, the study findings could raise a concern and inform policymakers and hospital administrators the importance of the magnitude and risk factors for MSDs necessitating design of preventive strategies.

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Analysis Factors That Affecting the Incidence of Hypertension in Menopausal Woman

Jurnal Kebidanan Midwiferia ◽

10.21070/midwiferia.v6i1.449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Estin Gita Maringga ◽

Nunik Ike Yunia Sari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Free Variable ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Menopausal Woman ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

History Of ◽

Using Data ◽

The Village

Hypertension is an increased incidence of blood pressure characterized by the increase of sistole and diastole. Hypertension if not properly administered, can cause a variety of complications such as stroke, heart failure, renal failure, encephalopathy, and others. Based on the statistical data of menopause women risk to experience hypertension of 41% compared with males. This research aims to analyze the risk factors that affect the incidence of hypertension in menopausal women in the village Kayen Kidul. The design of research in this study uses cross sectional, with the population is all menopause women who have hypertension in the village of South Kayen, using simple random samplling technique, obtained as many as 71 respondents . The variables in this study consist of a free variable that is age and a history of the use of KB and variables bound in the form of hypertension in menopausal women. The study was conducted on 16-21 September 2019, collecting data using interview and observation techniques using data collection sheets. Data analysts use linear regression, with calculations using SPSS. The results in this study were obtained from 71 respondents, 59.2% of the mother aged < 60 years, 69% had a history of hormonal contraceptives, 57.6% menopause had hypertension. The aged menopause ≥ 60 years and has a history of hormonal contraceptives have a greater risk of hypertensive incidence in menopause.

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