scholarly journals Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Luan ◽  
Xiaochen Shen ◽  
Jing Qiu ◽  
Yang Jing ◽  
Jingqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Detection Rates

Abstract Background:Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in children is an important public health problem in China. We performed the current study to explore the seroprevalence of VZV infection in Chinese children in order to provide more information for improvement of varicella vaccination in China. Methods: 3014 children were recruited from Chinesekindergarten students aged from four to six years.Anti-VZVIgG and IgM were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BothORF22and ORF62 of VZV were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by nested PCR. Results:Among 3014 children,43.9% of boys and 46.3% of girls were vaccinated with varicella vaccine, respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-VZV IgG was 54.4% in the children with varicella vaccination, which was significantly higher than those in unvaccinated children (49.2%) (χ2=8.206, P=0.004). Among of the vaccinated children, the detection rates of VZV IgG antibody increased with age, with 49.4%, 50.9% and 58.9% in 4, 5 and 6-year groups, respectively (Trend χ2=17.202, P=0.002). However, there was no difference in anti-VZV IgG detection rates among those unvaccinated children in different age groups (Trend χ2=8.681, P=0.070). In addition, thirteen boys and 13 girls were positive for anti-VZV IgM, respectively. Among of them, eight children (0.6%) have received varicella vaccination, which was similar to those in unvaccinated children (1.1%). However, only one ORF22 sequence was isolated from an unvaccinated 5-year boy. Compared to the reference VZV sequences, the nucleotide homology was estimated to be 99.7% with genotype J. Conclusions:Our study indicated that about half of Chinese children aged four to six years have a high risk of VZV infection. It should be helpful for the evaluation on the necessity of varicella immunization in China.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Luan ◽  
Xiaochen Shen ◽  
Jing Qiu ◽  
Yang Jing ◽  
Jingqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Detection Rates

Abstract Background:Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in children is an important public health problem in China. We performed the current study to explore the seroprevalence of VZV infection in Chinese children in order to provide more information for improvement of varicella vaccination in China. Methods: 3014 children were recruited from Chinesekindergarten students aged from four to six years.Anti-VZVIgG and IgM were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BothORF22and ORF62 of VZV were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by nested PCR. Results:Among 3014 children,43.9% of boys and 46.3% of girls were vaccinated with varicella vaccine, respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-VZV IgG was 54.4% in the children with varicella vaccination, which was significantly higher than those in unvaccinated children (49.2%) (χ2=8.206, P=0.004). Among of the vaccinated children, the detection rates of VZV IgG antibody increased with age, with 49.4%, 50.9% and 58.9% in 4, 5 and 6-year groups, respectively (Trend χ2=17.202, P=0.002). However, there was no difference in anti-VZV IgG detection rates among those unvaccinated children in different age groups (Trend χ2=8.681, P=0.070). In addition, thirteen boys and 13 girls were positive for anti-VZV IgM, respectively. Among of them, eight children (0.6%) have received varicella vaccination, which was similar to those in unvaccinated children (1.1%). However, only one ORF22 sequence was isolated from an unvaccinated 5-year boy. Compared to the reference VZV sequences, the nucleotide homology was estimated to be 99.7% with genotype J. Conclusions:Our study indicated that about half of Chinese children aged four to six years have a high risk of VZV infection. It should be helpful for the evaluation on the necessity of varicella immunization in China.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Luan ◽  
Xiaochen Shen ◽  
Jing Qiu ◽  
Yang Jing ◽  
Jingqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Varicella Zoster

Abstract Background Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in children is an important public health problem in China. We performed the current study to explore the seroprevalence of VZV infection in Chinese children in order to provide more information for improvement of varicella vaccination in China. Methods 3014 serum samples were collected from Chinese kindergarten students aged from four to six years. Anti-VZV IgG and IgM were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both ORF22 and ORF62 of VZV were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed by nested PCR. Results Totally, 43.9% of boys and 46.3% of girls were vaccinated with varicella vaccine, respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-VZV IgG was 54.4% in the children with varicella vaccination, which was significantly higher than those in unvaccinated children (49.2%) (χ2=8.206, P=0.004). Among of the vaccinated children, the detection rates of VZV IgG antibody increased with age, with 49.4%, 50.9% and 58.9% in 4, 5 and 6-year groups, respectively (Trend χ2=17.202, P=0.002). However, there was no difference in anti-VZV IgG detection rates among those unvaccinated children in different age groups (Trend χ2=8.681, P=0.070). In addition, thirteen boys and 13 girls were positive for anti-VZV IgM, respectively. Among of them, eight children (0.6%) have received varicella vaccination, which was similar to those in unvaccinated children (1.1%). However, only one ORF22 sequence was isolated from an unvaccinated 5-year boy. Compared to the reference VZV sequences, the nucleotide homology was estimated to be 99.7% with genotype J. Conclusions Our study indicated that about half of Chinese children aged four to six years have a high risk of VZV infection. It should be helpful for the evaluation on the necessity of varicella immunization in China.

scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Study of Dengue Viruses in Different Hospitals of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Gupta ◽  
Y Shah ◽  
A Poudel ◽  
R Pun ◽  
KP Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Occupation Group ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Acute Patients

Background: Dengue Virus (DV) is an emerging mosquito borne viral disease and important public health problem in low land of Terai region which is also expanding to hilly region. Methods: This study was designed to estimate sero-prevalence of dengue virus infection in the post monsoon period (Jun-Dec) of 2010 in Nepalese patients with fever visiting hospitals of Birganj, Damouli, Biratnagar and Dhading Besi. Serum samples were collected from 280 patients visiting hospitals with history of fever & clinically suspected dengue fever. The sero-prevalence of dengue virus specific IgM was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (SD, Korea) Results: The anti-dengue IgM positivity was found to be 8.2%. The positive dengue cases were higher in male (10.5%) as compared to female (6.5%). Among different age groups, the highest positive cases (11.5 %) were from age group below 15 years followed by above 50 years age group with 8.5%. Out of 4 hospitals, the highest positive cases were in Tanahu District Hospital, Damouli (23.8%) followed by Koshi Zonal Hospital, Biratnagar (12.5%). Age and gender were found to be independent predictors. The highest numbers of dengue positive cases were in occupation group business (13.3%) followed by agriculture (11.5%). Conclusion: The dengue positivity was estimated in acute patients from different hospitals of Nepal by enzyme immunoassay and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, the serological marker can be used to diagnose the acute patients of dengue during outbreaks. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 01 | Jan-Jun 2013 | Page 20-25 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i1.7646

scholarly journals A Valuable Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Acute Hepatitis E

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Ping Wen ◽  
Zi-Min Tang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Wen-Fang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Acute Hepatitis E ◽  
Capture Antibody

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a serious public health problem. The commonly used tests that are specific for current HEV infection diagnosis include the detection of anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA. Here, we report an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for HEV antigen detection with a linear range equivalent to 6.3 × 103to 9.2 × 105RNA copies per ml. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 12F12, a high-ability MAb that binds HEV virus, was selected as the capture antibody from a panel of 95 MAbs. The positive period of HEV antigenemia in infected monkeys using this test was, on average, 3 weeks longer than previously reported and covered the majority of the acute phase. The positive detection rates of IgM, RNA, and new antigen from the first serum samples collected from 16 confirmed acute hepatitis E patients were 81% (13/16), 81% (13/16), and 100% (16/16), respectively. In three patients, the initial serum specimens that tested negative for IgM, despite the presence of symptoms of acute hepatitis and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, were positive for HEV antigen and HEV RNA. In contrast, the serum samples of the three RNA-negative patients were antigen positive (and IgM positive), possibly due to the degradation of HEV nucleic acids. Our results suggest that this new antigen detection method has acceptable concordance with RNA detection and could serve as an important tool for diagnosing acute hepatitis E.

scholarly journals Validity of Self-Reported Varicella Disease History in Pregnant Women Attending Prenatal Clinics

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Watson ◽  
Rachel Civen ◽  
Meredith Reynolds ◽  
Karl Heath ◽  
Dana Perella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Cell Enzyme

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of self-reported history for varicella disease relative to serological evidence of varicella immunity in pregnant women attending antenatal care at clinics located in two diverse geographical locations in the U.S. (Antelope Valley, California, and Philadelphia) with high varicella vaccination coverage. Methods. Pregnant women attending prenatal care appointments who needed blood drawn as part of their routine care were eligible to participate. Self-reported varicella disease history was obtained via questionnaire. Varicella serostatus was determined using a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test for varicella zoster virus-specific immunoglobulin G (VZV IgG) antibodies. Results. Of the 309 study participants from Antelope Valley and the 528 participants from Philadelphia who self-reported having had chickenpox disease, 308 (99.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 98.2, 100) and 517 (97.9%; 95% CI: 96.3, 99.0), respectively, had serological evidence of immunity to varicella. Only 6.8% (95% CI: 3.9, 11.0) and 17.4% (95% CI: 13.1, 22.5) of women who self-reported having a negative or uncertain varicella disease history in Antelope Valley and Philadelphia, respectively, were seronegative for varicella antibodies. Conclusion. Despite the dramatic changes in the epidemiology of varicella that have occurred since 1995 due to the introduction and subsequent widespread use of the varicella vaccine, self-reported history of varicella continues to be a strong predictor of VZV IgG antibodies in pregnant women. Negative or uncertain history remains poorly predictive of negative serostatus.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiological Survey of Canine Leishmania Infections from Peripheral Areas in Natal, Northeast Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa ◽  
Francisco Canindé Carlota ◽  
Valter Ferreira de Andrade-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Objective: Human visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Natal, northeast of Brazil, where the domestic dog is an important parasite reservoir in the infectious cycle of Leishmania spp. In this study, was evaluated the antileishmanial IgG antibody and epidemiological factors related to canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Methods: Sera samples obtained by venipuncture of 1,426 dogs living in areas of human visceral leishmaniasis occurrence were tested for detection of IgG anti-leishmania antibodies with Immunofluorescence Antibody Assay (IFA) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Chi-square (x2) and Odds Ratio (OR) were calculated. Differences were considered statistically significant at p≤0.05. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence was 10.30% (147/1,426); prevalence increased when the samples were found to be positive at least for one technique ([417/1,426] 29.3%). The high percentage of seroprevalence was observed in Nova República (15.35%), Nova Natal I (12.7%) and Lagoa Azul (11.4%) neighborhoods. In the Planalto, Soledade and Brasil Novo, the infection rates ranged from 7.5 at 8.06%. (p=0.00051). There was neither statistically significant difference between leishmanial infection nor clinical signs of disease (p=0.84; OR=1.0 [0.41; 2.3]), sex (p=0.78, OR=0.94 [0.66; 1.28]); and breed (p=0.92; OR=1.0 [0.65; 1.54]) were observed. Conclusion: The RESULTS suggest that CVL is widely distributed in Natal, may be increasingly urbanizing and will spread through neighborhoods but not endemic, resulting in a serious public health problem, emphasizing the need for epidemiological studies to a greater understanding of the distribution of canine leishmaniasis in these specific areas and contribute proactively to the public health policies.

scholarly journals Serodiagnosis as Adjunct Assay for Pertussis Infection in São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes R. A. Vaz-de-Lima ◽  
Monte D. Martin ◽  
Lucia C. Pawloski ◽  
Daniela Leite ◽  
Karen C. P. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTPertussis remains an important public health problem in many countries despite extensive immunization. Cultures and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assays are the recommended pertussis diagnostic tests, but they lack sensitivity at the later stage of the disease. This study introduces the IgG anti-pertussis toxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PT ELISA) in our routine diagnosis to improve disease burden estimation. Serum samples and nasopharyngeal swabs (n= 503) were collected at the same time from patients presenting with cough illness suspected of being pertussis and tested by the PT ELISA and culture and/or RT-PCR, respectively. Patients were separated into three age groups: group 1, <1 year (n= 260; mean age, 3 months), group 2, 1 to 6 years (n= 81; mean age, 3 years), and group 3, ≥7 years (n= 162; mean age, 26 years). The times (means) from cough onset to specimen collection were 16, 24, and 26 days, respectively. In group 1, 83 (82.2%) of 101 positive cases were positive for pertussis by culture/RT-PCR, while 40 (39.6%) tested positive by PT ELISA. In group 2, 6 (19.4%) of 31 positive cases were culture/RT-PCR positive, and 29 (93.6%) were seropositive. In group 3, 13 (13.8%) of 94 positive cases were positive by culture/RT-PCR and 91 (96.8%) were positive by serology. Culture/RT-PCR detected more cases of pertussis in infants (P< 0.0001), whereas the PT ELISA detected more cases in adolescents and adults (P< 0.0001). The timing between cough onset and specimen collection or recent vaccination may have partially affected our results. Serology is a suitable, cost-effective, and complementary pertussis diagnostic tool, especially among older children, adolescents, and adults during the later disease phase.

Immunoglobulin Subclass Antibodies to Varicefla-Zoster Virus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-936
Author(s):  
Yoshizo Asano ◽  
Yuichi Hiroishi ◽  
Naoko Itakura ◽  
Shigeyuki Hirose ◽  
Yuji Kajita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Immunoglobulin Subclass ◽  
Igg4 Antibody

Commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies to human IgG subclass (IgG1 to IgG4) were applied to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure IgG subclass-specific antibodies to varicellazoster virus in children naturally infected with varicellazoster virus and in varicella vaccine recipients. In children naturally infected with varicella-zoster virus, IgG 1 antibody was detected 2 weeks after onset of the disease in all cases, its activity increased at 1 month after onset, and almost equal antibody value was maintained 10 years after infection. This pattern of antibody response was similar to that of total IgG antibody to varicella-zoster virus after natural infection. On the other hand, low antibody activity was found in IgG2 only at 1 month of the disease. The highest antibody level of IgG3 was shown 2 weeks after onset of the disease; then, it gradually decreased, and no antibody activity was detected 10 years later. IgG4 antibody was first detected 1 month after onset and an almost equal level of antibody was shown 10 years after the disease. After inoculation of children with a live varicella vaccine, in contrast, IgG subclass antibody responses to vaccine recipients were almost equal to those after natural infection.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Yemen: Factors associated with high seroprevalence

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira M. Al-Eryani ◽  
Abdulsalam M Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
Latifa A Al-Shibani ◽  
Mohammed M. K. Mahdy ◽  
Ahmed A Azazy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Important Public Health Problem

Introduction: Although toxoplasmosis is an important public health problem, there is scarcity of data on the disease available from Yemen. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in health facilities to determine seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sana’a, the capital city of Yemen. Methodology: A total of 593 pregnant women were included and examined for anti-T. gondii antibodies (Ab) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bio and socio-demographic data were collected by pre-tested structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. Results: The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 45.4% (95% confidence interval: 41%–49%). The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM was 43.7 (95% CI: 40–%48%) and 9.1% (95% CI: 7%–12%), respectively. About 7.4 (95% CI: 6%–10%) of pregnant women were seropositive for both IgG and IgM Abs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for toxplasmosis (IgG and/or IgM): age ≥ 25 years (adjusted OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.44–2.84, p < 0.001), rearing cats in the house (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20–2.55, p = 0.004), and contact with soil (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.32–2.75, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The study reported high seroprevalence among pregnant women in Sana’a, Yemen, with a high proportion of pregnant women having a possibility of acute toxoplasmosis. This highlights the need for including routine screening for T. gondii in pregnant women in the country’s antenatal clinics. In addition, health education on the mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis should be provided for pregnant women in Yemen.

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