scholarly journals Description of the targeted water supply and hygiene response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Kinshasa, DRC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Bompangue ◽  
Sandra Moore ◽  
Nadège Taty ◽  
Benido Impouma ◽  
Bertrand Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Cholera Case ◽  
Grid Approach ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban areas. During late-2017, Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, experienced an increase in cholera cases that showed potential to spread throughout the city. A novel targeted water and hygiene response strategy was implemented to quickly stem the outbreak. Methods We describe the first implementation of the cluster grid response strategy carried out in the community during the cholera outbreak in Kinshasa, in which water and hygiene response activities targeted cholera case clusters. Interventions, which focused on emergency water supply, household water treatment and safe storage, home disinfection and hygiene promotion, were organized using a grid approach. We also performed a preliminary community trial study to assess the temporal pattern of the outbreak, before and after response interventions were implemented. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the outbreak using epidemic curves and cartography. Results From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1,712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the health zones most affected included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. Following implementation of the response strategy, the weekly cholera case numbers in Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté decreased by an average of 57% in two weeks and 86% in four weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% at four weeks after the outbreak peak. Conclusion During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa experienced a sharp increase in cholera cases that showed potential to rapidly spread throughout the city. To contain the outbreak, water and hygiene response interventions targeted case households, nearby neighbors and public areas in case clusters using a grid approach. Following implementation of the response, the outbreak in Kinshasa was quickly brought under control. A similar approach may be useful to quickly interrupt cholera transmission in other urban settings.

scholarly journals Description of the targeted water supply and hygiene response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Kinshasa, DRC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Bompangue ◽  
Sandra Moore ◽  
Nadège Taty ◽  
Benido Impouma ◽  
Bertrand Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Cholera Case ◽  
Grid Approach ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Abstract Background Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban areas. During late-2017, Kinshasa, the capital ofthe Democratic Republic of the Congo, experienced a cholera outbreak that showed potential to spread throughout the city. A novel targeted water and hygiene response strategy was implemented to quickly stem the outbreak. Methods We describe the first implementation of the cluster grid response strategy carried out in the community during the cholera outbreak in Kinshasa, in which response activities targeted cholera case clusters using a grid approach. Interventions focused on emergency water supply, household water treatment and safe storage, home disinfection and hygiene promotion. We also performed a preliminary community trial study to assess the temporal pattern of the outbreak before and after response interventions were implemented. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the outbreak using epidemic curves and maps. Results From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1,712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the most affected health zones included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. Following implementation of the response strategy, the weekly cholera case numbers in Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté decreased by an average of 57% after two weeks and 86% after four weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% four weeks after the peak of the outbreak. Conclusion During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa experienced a sharp increase in cholera case numbers. To contain the outbreak, water supply and hygieneresponse interventions targeted case households, nearby neighbors and public areas in case clusters using a grid approach. Following implementation of the response, the outbreak in Kinshasa was quickly brought under control. A similar approach may be adapted to quickly interrupt cholera transmission in other urban settings.

scholarly journals ­Description of the targeted water supply and hygiene response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Kinshasa, DRC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Bompangue ◽  
Sandra Moore ◽  
Nadège Taty ◽  
Benido Impouma ◽  
Bertrand Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Cholera Case ◽  
Grid Approach ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Abstract Background: Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban areas. During late-2017, Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, experienced a cholera outbreak that showed potential to spread throughout the city. A novel targeted water and hygiene response strategy was implemented to quickly stem the outbreak.Methods: We describe the first implementation of the cluster grid response strategy carried out in the community during the cholera outbreak in Kinshasa, in which response activities targeted cholera case clusters using a grid approach. Interventions focused on emergency water supply, household water treatment and safe storage, home disinfection and hygiene promotion. We also performed a preliminary community trial study to assess the temporal pattern of the outbreak before and after response interventions were implemented. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the outbreak using epidemic curves and maps.Results: From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1,712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the most affected health zones included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. Following implementation of the response strategy, the weekly cholera case numbers in Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté decreased by an average of 57% after two weeks and 86% after four weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% four weeks after the peak of the outbreak.Conclusion: During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa experienced a sharp increase in cholera case numbers. To contain the outbreak, water supply and hygiene response interventions targeted case households, nearby neighbors and public areas in case clusters using a grid approach. Following implementation of the response, the outbreak in Kinshasa was quickly brought under control. A similar approach may be adapted to quickly interrupt cholera transmission in other urban settings.

scholarly journals Description of the targeted WASH response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Kinshasa, DRC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Bompangue ◽  
Sandra Moore ◽  
Nadège Taty ◽  
Benido Impouma ◽  
Bertrand Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Emergency Water Supply ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban settings, and documented results on field interventions are scarce. During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa, the capital ofDemocratic Republic of the Congo, experienced a sharp increase in cholera cases that showed potential to quickly spread throughout the city. A novel targeted WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) strategy was implemented to quickly stem the cholera outbreak. Methods We carried out a descriptive study of the cholera outbreak in Kinshasa from 2017 to 2018. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the cholera outbreak using epidemic curves and cartography. Weekly precipitation levels in Kinshasa were also assessed. We also described the targeted cluster grid WASH strategy, which was implemented to quickly target case clusters at the household and community level, carrying out interventions focused on emergency water supply, household water treatment and safe storage, home disinfection and hygiene promotion. We also examined the evolution of the outbreak following implementation of the response strategy. Results From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1,712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the health zones most affected included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. Following implementation of the response strategy, the weekly cholera case numbers in Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté decreased by an average of 57% in two weeks and 86% in four weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% at four weeks after the outbreak peak. Conclusion During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa experienced a sharp increase in cholera cases that showed potential to quickly spread throughout the city. To contain the outbreak, WASH response interventions targeted case households, nearby neighbors and public areas in case clusters using a grid approach. Following implementation of the WASH response, the outbreak in Kinshasa was quickly brought under control. A similar approach may be useful to quickly interrupt cholera transmission in other urban settings.

Abstract 197: What Limits the Use of AEDs by Bystanders?

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kaneko ◽  
Tetsuo Hatanaka ◽  
Aki Nagase ◽  
Seishiro Marukawa ◽  
Tetsuya Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Automated External Defibrillators ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Patient Side ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
The City

Introduction: In Japan, the number of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) placed in public areas has climbed up to the estimated 530,000. We reported previously that a half of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurred within 100 m from a public AED in urban areas. However, shocks for defibrillation were given to less than 15% of those patients. The objectives of this study was to identify the limiting factors against the use of AEDs by bystanders. Methods: A prospective survey on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was conducted in the city of Osaka (Dec 2016 through Mar 2017) and the city of Nagoya (Dec 2016 through Nov 2017) searching for patient demographics and AED settings including; absence/presence of a public AED on the scene, attachment of AED pads, delivery of shocks before the time of EMS arrival. Results: Of 558 cases of cardiac arrest registered during the survey period, an AED had already been delivered at the patient side by the time of EMS arrival in 92 case (16.5%). Of those, pads had been attached in 89 cased (96.7%). Shocks had been advised in 35 cases (39.3%) and to all but one of those cases at least 1 shock had been given by the bystanders. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups of cases with and without AEDs at the patient side regarding the patient age (65 years [IQR: 48-74] vs 63 years [IQR49-75], p=0.84), gender (p=0.68) and the time from call to EMS arrival (7 min [IQR: 6-9] vs 7 min [IQR: 6-9], p=0.74). Cases occurring indoors had more chances of AEDs being delivered on the patient side than cases occurring outdoors (24.0% vs 7.8%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study indicates that once an AED is delivered at the patient side, pads are successfully attached and shocks are given if indicated in almost all cases. This suggests that finding and delivering an AED onto the patient side are the limiting factors against the use of AEDs by bystanders. In order to popularize the use of AEDs by bystanders, informing people with AED placement and clear direction to the AED location seem to be the key steps.

scholarly journals Water sanitation, hygiene and the prevalence of diarrhea in the rural areas of the delta region of Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Htet Ko ◽  
Hiroshi Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Abstract Myanmar is an agriculture-based country with 70% of the total population residing in rural areas. Around half of the total population in Myanmar has to consume water from unimproved sources. The prevalence of diarrhea due to contaminated drinking water is high even in urban areas. The urban community may expect the provision of municipal water supply in the near future if the current revolution in the country succeeds. However, the rural areas have lesser or no chance to get quality water because of a lot of other prioritized tasks. Household water treatment is encouraged to be implemented as one of the national water safety plans for rural water supply in Myanmar. This study explored the diarrhea prevention awareness of the rural community using a questionnaire survey. The microbial quality parameters of drinking water sources were also examined. Fecal coliform contamination was detected in all examined drinking water sources. A significant association was found between drinking untreated water and the occurrence of diarrhea. The percentage of people who applied the diarrhea preventive measures was low. Even if they knew how to prevent the disease, very few people applied the measures in reality. Therefore, measures to cause behavioral change should be initiated, together with awareness raising, to promote diarrhea prevention in the community.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI ANAK JALANAN TERHADAP BIMBINGAN SOSIAL MELALUI RUMAH SINGGAH DI KOTAMADYA BANDUNG

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sr Tjahjorini ◽  
Margono Slamet ◽  
Pang S Asngari ◽  
Djoko Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Guidance Program ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

The street children has become an important phenomenon in urban areas. Most of the children spent their time on the street or in other public areas. Government throught Social Welfare Departement developed an transit house program which providing social guidance fo ther street children, but the budget can not cover all of the children. Many of the children are still on the street that cause them to be out of control and easily trapped in juvenile delinquency. The study tried to understand perception of the children on the social guidance of the transit house program, since there are not enough information about the issue. The study used quantitative and qualitative data and analized in non parametric statistic. Bandung was selected as location of the study since the city is one of cities in Indonesia that has street children problems. Population of the study are street children of 6-18 years old. Stratifield random sampling technique was used to get 60 respondents. The data was collected through interview schedule, field observation and desk study. The research fond that the perception of the respondents toward social guidance program is negative in terms of physical, mentality, social and skill. But, the respondent that involved in the program less or equal to 6 months is better than whose that involved 7-12 months and more than 13 months, especially in terms of mental and skill guidance. Based on the finding, a reorientation of the program is needed throught in form of guidance and councelling package that short in time (less than 6 months), relevance with interest and talent of the children, emphasize on developing the children skill, but still concern with physical, mental and social development.

scholarly journals Cholera epidemic in Kinshasa 2017-2018: targeted community-grid WaSH strategy rapidly interrupts cholera transmission throughout the city

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Bompangue ◽  
Sandra Moore ◽  
Nadège Taty ◽  
Benido Impouma ◽  
Bertrand Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wash Water ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Grid Approach ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Epidemic Response ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban settings, and documented results on field interventions are scarce. During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa, the capital of Democratic Republic of the Congo, experienced two cholera epidemics of increasing intensity. By January 2018, cholera cases were reported throughout the city. We describe the spatiotemporal evolution of the cholera outbreaks in Kinshasa from 2017 to 2018 and assess the impact of the targeted community-grid WaSH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) strategy to quickly interrupt cholera transmission. Methods We carried out a descriptive study of the cholera outbreaks in Kinshasa from 2017 to 2018. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the cholera epidemic using epidemic curves and cartography. Weekly precipitation levels in Kinshasa were also assessed. Additionally, we described the targeted community-grid WaSH strategy and examined the impact of this approach to interrupt cholera transmission in the city. Results From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1,712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the health zones most affected included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. The community-grid WaSH strategy was implemented to rapidly contain the outbreak by targeting interventions in five heavily-affected heath zones. With this strategy, cholera awareness and WaSH activities were carried out in cholera clusters. In Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté, the weekly cholera case numbers were reduced by an average of 57% in two weeks and 86% in four weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% at four weeks after the epidemic peak. Conclusion During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa reported two cholera epidemics of increasing intensity. To contain the main epidemic, response interventions targeted case households and nearby neighbors using a community-grid approach, focusing on emergency WaSH activities and awareness campaigns. The community-grid strategy was effective in bringing outbreaks throughout Kinshasa quickly under control. A similar approach may be useful in other urban settings to quickly interrupt cholera transmission.

scholarly journals Development of a Generic Domestic Water Security Index, and Its Application in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas Assefa ◽  
Mukand Babel ◽  
Janez Sušnik ◽  
Victor Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The City

Water security is a global concern because of the growing impact of human activities and climate change on water resources. Studies had been performed at global, country, and city level to assess the water security issues. However, assessment of water security at a domestic scale is lacking. This paper develops a new domestic water security assessment framework accounting for water supply, sanitation, and hygiene through twelve indicators. Water supply, sanitation, and hygiene are central to key water-related sustainable development goals. The framework is subsequently applied to the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. From the domestic water security assessment of Addis Ababa, the water supply dimension was found to be of good level, whereas the sanitation and hygiene dimensions were of poor and fair level, respectively, indicating both a challenge and an opportunity for development. Because the analysis is spatially explicit at the city-branch level (in Addis), variation in domestic water security performance across Addis Ababa can be assessed, allowing efficient targeting of scant resources (financial, technical, personnel). Analysis further shows that a lack of institutional capacity within the utility, existing infrastructure leading to ‘lock-in’ and hindering maintenance and upgrade initiatives, and an unreliable power supply are the main issues leading to poor domestic water security in the study city. These areas should be tackled to improve the current situation and mitigate future problems. The developed framework is generic enough to be applied to other urban and peri-urban areas, yet provides planners and policy makers with specific information on domestic water security considering water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and accounting for within-city variability. This work could therefore have practical applicability for water service providers.

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF FORMING A GREEN FRAME IN THE CITY STRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
O. A. Kryzhantovska ◽  
◽  
E S. Evstigneeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Green Architecture ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
The City

In the last decade, the issue of forming a green framework system during the development and organization of cities, the structure and principles of its formation has been widely discussed. Meanwhile, the concept of a green framework in urban planning and ecology is different, which requires the synthesis and analysis of these concepts in urban ecology. The article is devoted to determining the role of the natural framework in the structure of the modern urban environment, it also highlights key issues related to urban development features of the formation of the green framework in the structure of the city, at the same level with the problems of its organization. This article reflects various approaches to the development of a green framework in an urban environment and the problems in its formation in modern conditions. The role of the green framework as the basis for ecological planning of the territory and optimization of the quality of the urban environment is considered. In the process of analysis, we conclude that the main aspects of compensation in urban areas are the preservation and development of the gardening system, the determination of their size and connectedness, ecological and urban planning functions that provide ecological compensation for the city, as well as the creation of green architecture. The preservation and growth of green spaces in cities is one of the main environmental tasks. The indifferent attitude of citizens to their environment is a serious urgent problem. The article raises the issue of increasing the civic activity of residents of megacities in the field of preserving the green frame of cities. The successful experience in the conservation of natural resources and the development of green public areas is described on the example of 5 European cities. The obtained results can be used by architects for the theory and practice of the formation of green frames in a modern urban environment.

scholarly journals Description of the targeted water supply and hygiene response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017–2018 in Kinshasa, DRC

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Bompangue ◽  
Sandra Moore ◽  
Nadège Taty ◽  
Benido Impouma ◽  
Bertrand Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Cholera Outbreak
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