VALUE OF ARTIFICAL EDUCATOIN FOR ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE AT THE MODERN STAGE

Analyzing relevant and informative sources for acquaintance with modern fine art, catalogs of various art exhibitions, article questions and problems associated with the creation of architectural and landscape compositions are considered from a practical point of view. A significant role in art belongs to the architectural landscape, as a genre variety. Promising types of cities - Veduta (A. Canaletto, V. Bellotto) have become separate types of architectural landscape. The genre of painting is the Veduta, which developed in the eighteenth century in Venice. This is an image of views of the city and its environs. Lead amaze with its accuracy. At that time, such images served as photographs. The requirements for the paintings corresponded to their purpose: the accuracy of the image of objects, down to the smallest detail. With the advent of photography, the requirements for graphic images have lost their relevance. The camera can accurately capture the object, transmit small details better than the artist. The changes that are taking place in modern realistic painting are connected precisely with the appearance of photography. Many modern impressionists, trying to impress the landscape they saw, write sketches with wide, wide strokes. For the sake of such a technique, they ignore many important elements of the landscape in order to maximize the expressiveness of their work. Modern artists working in the realistic direction of the architectural landscape pay attention to color reproduction, color of painting, while paying due attention to drawing, linear perspective and construction. Painting and photography at the present stage are fundamentally different from each other. Painting corresponds to its name - living writing, generalization, typification and stylization of forms, the viewer's impression of lightness, airiness and illumination. Modern realistic painting is modified relative to the painting of the VIII-XIX centuries. This process is due to the technical development of the modern world, the advent of digital photography, new materials for creativity. Picturesque language goes into the language of flowers. Professional art education plays a fundamental role in understanding the landscape as a genre of painting. Education allows you to combine composition, the picturesque effect, which is an innovation in realistic landscape painting, for the complete deep impression of the viewer.

ARTISTIC COMPONENT IN MODERN INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the formation of the appearance of objects, taking into account the technological process, the identification of fixed assets and methods of creating the spatial-spatial composition of buildings within the existing city development. These are: the Nestle plant in Mexico, the Fagus factory, the construction of the Leeds incinerator, etc. Industrial architecture is an integral part of society. The presence and functioning of industrial enterprises characterizes the economic and political independence of the state. Industrial areas are usually large in area. and environmental friendliness. It is extremely important for modern industrial design to take into account the energy efficiency of a building, as industrial buildings are directly related to the consumption of natural resources, most of which are exhausted. in the design and reconstruction of industrial facilities nowadays, in addition to taking into account the technological process, it is extremely important to pay attention to the exterior and interior decoration of buildings. This not only affects the aesthetic component of human perception, but also promotes the productivity of workers. Many industrial structures are included in the social and cultural life of the city, combining several additional functions, in addition to the main (industrial). The development of industrial architecture is closely linked to the development of facing materials, which are often used aluminum. But in the construction of industrial buildings can be used and other materials that allow you to create many color schemes. All factors determine the need to create an aesthetic environment that meets the needs of society.

WAYS OF FORMING PROFESSIONAL GRAPHIC COMPETENCE OF FUTURE ARCHITECTS

In the article actuality of research of questions of reformation is certain in the system of higher education, including from the point of view of improvement of modern principles of teaching of graphic disciplines creation of that assists forming of professional graphic competence students of architectural specialties. The forward process of improvement of educational activity produces new requirements to educating, in particular to his quality constituent, in this connection there is a necessity of development of mechanisms of the permanent monitoring of progress. The European model of education on the nearest future plugs in itself one of directions beginning such type of educating, that is characterized the considerable volume of independent work and active bringing in of students of creative specialties to the real projects, already from the first course, that it is impossible without steady skills individual graphic competence. In the last few years the circle of tasks that can be decided by graphic methods broadened, from meaningfulness of graphic disciplines that mortgage bases of the spatial thinking is accordingly enhance able therefore. The aim of our study is to analyze and summarize the results of experiments on the effect of quality of graphic competence of students which contributes to the effectiveness of their professional development. Long-term practice of teaching and exchange of experience in the methodology of graphic disciplines has shown that the formation of professional competence is impossible without a thorough study of the foundations of graphic literacy, whose essence lies in the study of the discipline Descriptive Geometry. Graphic education is a process, which leads to student’s gaining knowledge and skills of work with graphical information. The development of the ability to correctly perceive, create, store and transmit different graphical information about objects, processes and phenomena is the task of graphic training of professional education. Professional knowledge is objective necessary knowledge and abilities that is highly sought by future practical activity.

SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AS A PLANNING INSTRUMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHEREMUSHKI DISTRICT OF ODESSA

The article discusses issues related to the monitoring of public opinion in pre-project studies on the further development of the Cheremushki district in the city of Odessa. These studies were carried out as part of the international project “Unloved Heritage of a Socialist City?”, in the period from 2016 to 2019. The project was attended by Germany, Ukraine, Russia. The first and second stages of the project were devoted to the study of the German experience in renovation and a research workshop in the city of Odessa. The third stage is the creation of an office to familiarize residents of Cheremushki with pre-project research and monitoring public opinion. The article describes the results of a survey and two discussion round tables on the development and problems of the area; the authors noted the importance of taking into account the results of a sociological survey when conducting pre-design decisions. As a result of the discussion of the first round table, the participants came to the following conclusions: the residents of the region are indifferent to the adjacent territories, believing that these are housing and communal services tasks; their interests end outside their apartments; it is necessary to find methods to activate local residents and involve them in the management of their local territories; the solution may be to create a model quarter on Cheremushki as an example of successful renovation, thereby attracting residents to self-government and the desire to change something; a sociological survey of residents and their acquaintance with research developments on the topic of the development of Cheremushki will favorably affect not only future design decisions, but also the thoughts of residents themselves about the fate of their habitat. Analysis of the survey, the second round table and monitoring the opinions of residents led to the following conclusions: at the moment, investors are not interested in investing in the development of the Cheremushki region; there is no detailed plan for the development of the district at the official level, the city authorities support point and chaotic development; German experience as tracing paper cannot be transferred to Ukrainian realities; the district is inhabited by people of different social levels who have different levels of understanding in the ongoing processes, but most of them favor the preservation of basic architectural and urban planning decisions and the modernization of houses on Cheremushki; there are activists of the region and specialists interested in developing Cheremushki along the path of modernization and comprehensive renovation, using the experience of architectural and urban planning solutions in other countries, for example, Germany, but legal, economic and state support is needed; in conditions of extensive development of the city, it is advisable to use and develop existing territories.

INFLUENCE OF RAIN GARDENS ON THE QUALITY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ODESSA)

The article deals with the problems of sustainable development of the urban environment, which in addition to urban and architectural aspects include the problems of urban ecology. One of the important issues that needs to be addressed is the management of urban wastewater. In the long run, it is necessary to invest in sustainable infrastructure, upgrade urban systems and plant green spaces. Stormwater management allows you to apply a comprehensive approach to solving this problem, and to increase economic efficiency city. However, investments in this problem are of a long-term nature, and alternative solution of the problem could be the arrangement of rain gardens in urban space. The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze rain gardens as part of a sustainable urban development strategy. The methodological basis of the study was a number of scientific works related to the study of issues related to the improvement of urban planning, ecology of urban areas, as well as the study of the theory of cultural landscape and the theory of the ecological frame of the city. The article deals with the world examples of gardens, the main task of which is rainwater harvesting. Based on the analysis of world experience, we can conclude that rain gardens can be designed as a separate object of landscape architecture or as an element of urban space. Modern research has shown that bio-drainage structures (consisting of large gardens and parks) can be effective for improving water quality and maintaining hydrological function, even when the air temperature drops below zero. Studies show that, with proper site analysis, careful design and responsible plant selection, bio-drainage systems can work well even in regions with cold climates. In addition to performing their basic functions, rain gardens have an aesthetic component - they are beautiful elements of decoration, walkings paths in the park, city streets, roads and public buildings.

THE FEATURES OF FORMATION ARCHITECTURAL-SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE BELGIUM CITIES

The article examines the architectural and spatial environment of cities in Belgium, numerous examples of architectural solutions of buildings, both architectural monuments and future projects that have not yet been embodied. From the point of view of considering the foreshortenings of the city of Belgium proposed in the article, they can be considered as: a historically developed system of social and functional settlement of citizens, modern and future environment, an object of aesthetic perception. Architecture bears a projection of the integrity of the human personality and social interaction between people, as well as the preservation of an integral architectural environment as a whole. The modern architecture of Belgium – NewArt Style – is a set of basic forms and features characteristic of buildings of a certain time and a certain people, manifested in the features of a functional, constructive and artistic order. Each era has created its own style. The historically developed architectural and spatial environment of the cities of Belgium is a valuable object of research, both from a historical point of view and from an architectural point of view. It can be said that every European city has a rich history, reflecting in its characteristic compositional and landscape features, which makes it possible to identify the main problems of preserving the historical part of the city, which occupies most of the territory in the overall city planning and has a significant impact on its modern spatial composition and architecture in the future. This allows modern European architects to identify strategies for the development of a small historical city without violating its architectural and spatial integrity and artistic qualities, as well as to preserve a harmonious and comfortable urban environment.

ARCHITECTURAL URBAN PLANNING AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

In the article the relevance of this research is due to overcoming the complex of social, environmental and economic problems in urban planning related to environmental improvement, improvement, greening of cities and settlements. Being one of the main elements of urban planning, "green spaces" form a favorable ecological environment. They also help to combat the effect of "thermal islands" by participating in the process of evaporation of moisture; reduce storm water runoff; improve air quality by absorbing atmospheric pollution. Improvement of cities is one of the priority tasks of forming a comfortable urban environment. It includes: improvement of the ecological situation in cities (related to the improvement of the landscaping system, which means scientifically grounded spatial arrangement of all components of urban landscaping according to urban areas) soil, climatic and other factors in order to achieve optimal ecological, sanitary and sanitary and sanitary effects. In the foreign practice of urban planning use the concept of "green infrastructure" ("Green infrastructure") or blue-green infrastructure ("Blue - green infrastructure"), which focuses on the environmental importance of the territory. Which considers the whole spectrum of landscape changes and serves as a basis for the formation and development of a favorable state in cities. The main reason for the interest in green infrastructure in the world is the desire to make the city a more conducive place to live, as well as to climate change. Reducing the negative impact on the environment is the key to the socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of this work is to develop recommendations for the design of green infrastructure. Analysis of existing experience in designing and implementing green infrastructure in an urbanized environment, identifying trends in the further development of their architectural and urban planning structure. The object of the study is the green infrastructure of major cities in the world, including its architectural and urban planning and spatial solutions in the city structure. The article presents typical landscaping schemes and their classification, as well as methods of using green spaces to improve the environmental, social and aesthetic status of cities.

PARAMETRIC MODELING IN ARCHITECTURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF CREATIVITY OF ZAHA HADID

Modern architecture is parametric architecture. Parametric entered our life not only through architecture, but also through design, fashion, industry, art. Zaha Hadid’s leading architects for many years successfully working in the style of parametric. Although parametric is rooted in digital animation techniques of the mid-1990s, it only became fully apparent in recent years with the development of advanced parametric computer programs. The so-called digital architecture, closely associated with programming, automatically converts volume, making it technically and economically feasible. Using computer programs, we can create a “thinking” building. Using the morphogenesis algorithm applied to different situations, we get unique buildings that are members of the same “population”. The most modern example of analysis allows us to determine the patterns of regional development by 25 parameters. Programmers have developed various scripts that form blocks around the perimeter, depending on the size of the land, proportion and orientation. These scripts are used in their work by leading architects in the field of parametric. This is best seen in the master plans of Zaha Hadid. Thus, the dynamic parametric architecture doesn’t create a separate building, but integrates it into the structure of space, linking modern architecture with the historical development of the city.

USE OF CONTRAST RELATIONS IN CREATION OF INTERIOR

Article addresses issues, constrained with the use of property colors allowing to use him, as psychological factor, for the achievement of aims, facilitating vital indexes or impedimental to the functional processes, showing up in contrasting relations in an interior. The use of the contrast effect is based on a person’s desire to compare everything. When studying the manifestation of contrast from a scientific point of view, two aspects of the problem are distinguished: psycho physiological and aesthetic. Both factors must be considered when creating an interior. Contrast in the interior, as in painting, is important, especially when choosing expressiveness. Depending on the intensity, the contrast can give the impression of diversity, strength, determination. To create a mood in the interior, convey emotions and set the right accents, you need to transform the walls into an interesting element of design. You need to create a complete composition of all the elements of the interior. Contrasting interiors are always expressive. Particular attention should be paid to the arrangement of a work of art in a contemporary interior and its integration into the architectural space. By creating a painting for the interior directly, we can change the architectural space and set the color palette, as well as choose the material to create the artwork. Choosing a work of art allows designers to create bold interiors to order. This article aims to explain and systematically characterize the selection of materials and principles in determining the type and purpose of the interior, as well as to formulate the criteria for creating a competent contemporary interior, using contrasting features when finding the main visual focus in the interior. Thus, the contrast used as a means of organizing the architectural environment also works to enhance the impact of the work of art on the created interior and multiply its significance.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE FORMATION OF HIGH-DENSITY LOW-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

The article discusses key issues related to the historical prerequisites for the formation of a high-density low-rise residential development. This is a complex and long process, the stages of which took place at different times and in different countries of the world. Today, such a building is very promising for modern rapidly growing cities, so it is important to track the history of its formation and the features of such planning decisions at different times. Such architecture can become a new vector in the development of modern cities, because low-rise residential buildings are much more comfortable than high-rise buildings. The article gives examples of low-rise city houses in different histories and in different countries. The aim of this work is to review the historical background of the formation of modern high-density low-rise buildings. The following historical examples of low-rise high-density buildings are considered: early single-family residential buildings of the ancient settlements of Mesopotamia and Egypt, residential buildings in Ancient Greece and Rome, blocked residential buildings for workers in the 19th century. In the UK, townhouses of the 1920s and 30s. In the USA, etc. The article shows the planning decisions and the appearance of low-rise high-density residential buildings. The main features of such houses are quarterly development, large-scale man, blocked development and the presence of a small house area.