scholarly journals Histopathological and Cytogenetic Analysis of Epidural Adipose Tissue in Symptomatic Lumbar Epidural Lipomatosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taketoshi Yasuda ◽  
Kayo Suzuki ◽  
Shoji Seki ◽  
Kenta Watanabe ◽  
Hiroto Makino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Epidural Lipomatosis ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Band Method ◽  
Spinal Epidural

Abstract Lumbar epidural lipomatosis (LEL) is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of unencapsulated adipose tissue in the spinal epidural space. Symptomatic LEL occurs in middle aged and elderly patients, and it is most often seen in males. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the histopathological and cytogenetic characteristics of the epidural lipomatosis in patients with symptomatic LEL. Six patients undergoing decompressive spinal surgery (mean age, 69.4 years) were enrolled between 2013 and 2017. Three cases were steroid-induced and 3 cases were diagnosed as idiopathic LEL. We compared the differences in histological morphology between the subcutaneous fat tissue and epidural fat tissue in each patient. We also analyzed the karyotype of resected epidural lipomatous tissue using the G-band method. The epidural adipocytes were histologically more irregular and smaller compared with the subcutaneous adipocytes in all cases. The mean size of subcutaneous adipocytes and epidural adipocytes was 5,485.6 ± 2,584.1 µm2 and 2,705.4 ± 1,069.1 µm2, respectively. In cytogenetic analysis of the epidural adipocytes, loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) was found in all 6 cases. The mechanisms related to the development of LEL are not well understood. In this study, the size of the lipid component of epidural adipocytes was significantly smaller than that of subcutaneous adipocytes in LEL. Cytogenetically, LOY was frequently recognized. Although this may be an effect rather than a cause, LOY may be related to morphologic changes in and proliferation of adipocytes in LEL. LOY might partially contribute to the pathological mechanism or expression of LEL.

scholarly journals Visceral obesity: A new risk factor for stone disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Akarken ◽  
Hüseyin Tarhan ◽  
Rahmi Gökhan Ekin ◽  
Özgür Çakmak ◽  
Gökhan Koç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: We examined the relationship between stone disease and the amount of visceral adipose tissue measured with unenhanced computed tomography (CT).Methods: We included 149 patients with complaints of flank pain and kidney stones detected by CT, from August 2012 to April 2013. In addition, as the control group we included 139 healthy individuals, with flank pain within the same time period, with no previous history of urological disease and no current kidney stones identified by CT. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, body mass index, amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and serum level of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of gender and age (p = 0.27 and 0.06, respectively). Respective measurements for the stone and control groups for body mass index were 29.1 and 27.6 kg/m2; for visceral fat measurement 186.0 and 120.2 cm2; and for subcutaneous fat measurements 275.9 and 261.9 cm2 (p = 0.01; 0.01 and 0.36, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the following factors were identified as increasing the risk of kidney stone formation: hyperlipidemia (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ratio of visceral fat tissue to subcutaneous fat tissue (p = 0.01). Our study has its limitations, including its retrospective nature, its small sample size, possible selection bias, and missing data. The lack of stone composition data is another major limitation of our study.Conclusion: The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue, in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, was identified as an emerging factor in the formation of kidney stones.

Sex difference in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat and human adipocytes

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. E211-E215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Foley ◽  
A. Kashiwagi ◽  
H. Chang ◽  
T. P. Huecksteadt ◽  
S. Lillioja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Subjects

In an effort to determine whether differences in basal and maximum insulin-stimulated glucose transport by isolated adipocytes are a function of donor sex, we measured glucose transport rates in the absence and presence of 8 nM insulin in adipocytes isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue of nine male and ten female subjects with varying degrees of obesity and in adipocytes isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat tissue of (180-220 g) male and female rats. Because maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport rate per cell of adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal tissue of male and female subjects was constant in each sex, the data have been normalized on the basis of transport per cell. The results demonstrated that basal and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport per cell was 53-75% higher per cell in the females versus males in adipocytes from human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (P less than 0.01). A similar difference in glucose transport rate between males and females (P less than 0.001) was also found in rat abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipocytes isolated from rat retroperitoneal adipose tissue had higher transport rates (approximately three-fold) and smaller sex differences (35% higher in females) than found in adipocytes from rat and human subcutaneous tissue. These results indicate that basal and maximum insulin-stimulated glucose transport is higher by adipocytes isolated from females and that this difference is independent of adipose cell size and species.

scholarly journals Vascularization of Microvascular Fragment Isolates from Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Später ◽  
Julia E. Marschall ◽  
Lea K. Brücker ◽  
Ruth M. Nickels ◽  
Wolfgang Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

Abstract Background: Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) represent effective vascularization units for tissue engineering. Most experimental studies in rodents exclusively use epididymal adipose tissue as a visceral fat source for MVF isolation. However, in future clinical practice, MVF may be rather isolated from liposuctioned subcutaneous fat tissue of patients. Therefore, we herein compared the vascularization characteristics of MVF isolates from visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue of murine origin. Methods: MVF isolates were generated from visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue of donor mice using two different enzymatic procedures. For in vivo analyses, the MVF isolates were seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds and implanted into full-thickness skin defects within dorsal skinfold chambers of recipient mice. Results: By means of the two isolation procedures, we isolated a higher number of MVF from visceral fat tissue when compared to subcutaneous fat tissue, while their length distribution, viability and cellular composition were comparable in both groups. Intravital fluorescence microscopy as well as histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a significantly reduced vascularization of implanted scaffolds seeded with subcutaneous MVF isolates when compared to implants seeded with visceral MVF isolates. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed that this was due to high amounts of undigested connective tissue within the subcutaneous MVF isolates, which clogged the scaffold pores and prevented the interconnection of individual MVF into new microvascular networks. Conclusion: These findings indicate the need for improved protocols to generate connective tissue-free MVF isolates from subcutaneous fat tissue for future translational studies.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis: Unusual Presentation and Difficult Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ouidad Louachama ◽  
Noureddine Rada ◽  
Ghizlane Draiss ◽  
Mohamed Bouskraoui
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Epidural Space ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis ◽  
Epidural Lipomatosis ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Spinal Epidural ◽  
Possible Cause

Epidural lipomatosis (EL) is a pathology characterized by abnormal accumulation of unencapsulated fat in the epidural space. Although rare, it is a possible cause of lumbosciatica or narrow lumbar canal in adults. It is often associated with favorable factors such as prolonged corticosteroid therapy or obesity. We report an observation of an 18-month-old child who presented with walking delay without other abnormalities, and the radiological exploration confirmed the lumbar epidural lipomatosis. The management was mainly symptomatic, based on motor physiotherapy with additional management in neurosurgery. Various etiologies can cause this disease, remain rare in pediatrics, and the idiopathic form is predominant in children.

Symptomatic spinal epidural lipomatosis as a complication of steroid immunosuppression in cardiac transplant patients

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Zampella ◽  
Ernest R. Duvall ◽  
B. Chandra Sekar ◽  
Keith H. Langford ◽  
Andrew E. Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis ◽  
Epidural Lipomatosis ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Chronic Corticosteroid ◽  
Spinal Epidural

✓ Patients with Cushing's syndrome may develop spinal epidural lipomatosis, an abnormal accumulation of fat in the spinal epidural space. This accumulation of fat may cause compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina with resulting neurological deficit. Two cases of symptomatic spinal lipomatosis are reported in cardiac transplant patients receiving chronic corticosteroid treatment. The literature is reviewed, and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations are discussed.

scholarly journals Anthropological Characteristic of the Distribution of Adipose Tissue in Bulgarian Females with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
Atanas G. Baltadjiev ◽  
Stefka V. Vladeva ◽  
Dimitar B. Bahariev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Tissue

Abstract Background: The complex study of adipose tissue in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is of importance for the clinical course and prognosis of the disease. Aim: To study the distribution of adipose tissue in Bulgarian females with T2DM. Patients and methods: The study included 92 women with T2DM (age range 40-60 years). The control group consisted of 40 age-matched women. Measurement parameters: height, weight, 9 skinfolds (sf) – sfTriceps, sfBiceps brachii, sfForearm, sfSubscapular, sfXrib, sfAbdomen, sfSuprailiaca, sfThigh, and sfCalf; bioelectrical impedance analysis - % body fat tissue and visceral fat tissue. Calculated indexes: body mass index (BMI), the ratio sfTrunk to sfLimbs, the ratio skin folds upper half of body/skin folds lower half of body, fat mass and subcutaneous fat mass. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the means of sfTriceps, sfXrib, sfThigh, sfCalf, % body fat tissue, visceral fat tissue, and fat mass and subcutaneous fat mass between the diabetic and healthy women. The body composition of diabetic females aged 40-60 years contained a larger adipose component than controls. Visceral adipose tissue which determines the body composition is a reliable indicator of the health risks in diabetic women. Conclusion: The pattern of subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in diabetic females aged 40-60 yrs was primarily in the upper torso region and less so in the limbs. In the controls adipose tissue is accumulated primarily in the limbs and in the lower part of the body.

scholarly journals Spinal epidural lipomatosis: a review of its causes and recommendations for treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Fassett ◽  
Meic H. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Decompressive Laminectomy ◽  
Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis ◽  
Epidural Lipomatosis ◽  
Progressive Myelopathy ◽  
Radicular Symptoms ◽  
Spinal Epidural ◽  
Idiopathic Disease ◽  
Endogenous Steroid

Spinal epidural lipomatosis is most commonly observed in patients receiving long-term exogenous steroid therapy, but can also be seen in patients with endogenous steroid overproduction, obesity, or idiopathic disease. With this condition, there is hypertrophy of the epidural adipose tissue, causing a narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of neural structures. A majority of patients will present with progressive myelopathy, but radicular symptoms are also common. Conservative treatment—weaning from steroids or weight loss—can reverse the hypertrophy of the adipose tissue and relieve the neural compression. If conservative management fails, surgery with decompressive laminectomy is also very successful at improving the patient's neurological symptoms.

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean Meal Substitution by Raw Chickpea Seeds on Thermal Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Subcutaneous Fat Tissue of Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Paszkiewicz ◽  
Siemowit Muszyński ◽  
Małgorzata Kwiecień ◽  
Mykola Zhyla ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

In this study, the effect of soybean meal substitution by raw chickpea seeds on the thermal properties and fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat tissue of broiler chickens was examined. The experiment, performed on Ross 308 chickens, lasted for 42 days. Tight subcutaneous fat tissue was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements while the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue was determined chromatographically. There was no effect of soybean meal substitution on fat crystallization temperature or crystallization enthalpy. However, the total calorimetric enthalpy of the melting of low-melting monounsaturated and saturated triacylglycerols differed between groups. Fatty acid proportions in the subcutaneous fat tissue of broiler chickens were also altered. Among others, chickpea seed inclusion decreased the content of main saturated acid (palmitic acid) and increased the content of main monounsaturated (oleic) and tri-unsaturated (linolenic) acids. The results show that the soybean meal substitution by raw chickpea seeds in the feed can affect the structural properties of adipose tissue in broiler chickens, including the thermal transformation of unsaturated fatty acids. Due to the numerous physiological functions of subcutaneous fat tissue, understanding these mechanisms can promote the use of alternative protein both in poultry and human nutrition.

FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR A FAT MOBILIZING EFFECT OF ANDROGENS

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Laron ◽  
Avivah Kowadlo-Silbergeld
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

ABSTRACT Groups of starved female rats were treated with either testosterone propionate, 19-norandrostenolone phenylpropionate (Nandrolone, Durabolin) or bovine growth hormone (BGH). The effect of these hormones on the concentration of the plasma unesterified fatty acids (UFA) was then studied in blood withdrawn from the heart daily. As controls groups of rats were treated with either oil or saline, i. e. the vehicles for the above named hormones. It was found that both testosterone and Nandrolone caused a marked increase in plasma UFA concentrations, similar to the effects obtained by growth hormone. Accepting UFA as an index of the metabolic activity of adipose tissue, it is concluded that testosterone and its less androgenic derivative Nandrolone possess fat mobilizing properties. In view of the fact that during puberty in boys the subcutaneous fat tissue decreases as compared with girls and that eunuchs have a tendency to obesity, it is suggested that androgens play an active physiological role in adipose tissue metabolism.

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