scholarly journals Estimating the Influence of High Temperature on Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Incidence in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijie Luan ◽  
Shaonan Liu ◽  
Weiyan Zhang ◽  
Long Zhai ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract The burden of disease caused by ambient high temperature has become a public health concern, but the association between high temperature and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remain indistinct. We used Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM) to estimate the burden of disease attribute to high temperature, adjusting for long-term trend and weather confounders. Total 18167455 cases were reported in 31 Chinese provinces, the incidence of HFMD showed a gradually increasing trend from 2008 to 2017 in China. Minimum Mortality Temperature (MMT) was mainly concentrated at 17°C to 23°C in the age group less than 5 years old, 18°C to 25°C in the age group 6~10 years old and 19°C to 27°C in the age group above 10 years old. The greatest RR in age group 0~5 years old was 2.06 (95%CI: 1.85~2.30) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR was 1.02 (95%CI: 1.00~1.05) in Guangdong; the greatest RR in age group 6~10 years old was 2.24 (95%CI: 1.72~2.91) in Guizhou, and the lowest RR was 1.01 (95%CI: 0.97~1.12) in Tianjin; the greatest RR in the age group over 10 years old was 2.53 (95%CI: 1.66~3.87) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR 1.02 (95%CI: 0.71~1.46) in Henan. We found the positive association between high temperature and HFMD in China.

scholarly journals Association of PM2.5 and its Components with Lengths of Hospital Stay for Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Jieguo Wang ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Feiran Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Demographic Features

Abstract Background Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health concern. Studies on air pollution and the lengths of hospital stay (LOS) of HFMD are scarce. Methods We characterized the clinic demographic features of 5135 hospitalized HFMD in Nanjing, China from 2012 to 2017, and analyzed the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 as well as its components (OM, BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT, SOIL and SS) and the LOS of HFMD. Results Among them 98.62% were aged 0–6 years old, and 3772 (73.46%) were hospitalized for seven days or less. The LOS of HFMD children was different in different ages, illness onset years and illness onset seasons (P<0.01). For per IQR increase in PM2.5 concentrations, LOS of HFMD increased by 0.52(0.33, 0.71), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31–0.69) and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.28–0.65) day in adjusted models at lag 3 days, lag 7days and lag 14 days, respectively. In addition, per IQR increase of BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL were also significantly associated with the LOS of HFMD. Conclusions Our findings corroborated the hypothesis that short-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased the LOS of HFMD, and its components (BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL) of PM2.5 might play a key role in the prolonged LOS of HFMD.

Inactivation of Milkborne Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus at Ultra-High Temperatures1

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. CUNLIFFE ◽  
J. H. BLACKWELL ◽  
R. DORS ◽  
J. S. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

Milk from cows with foot-and-mouth disease containing 103–7 to 106–4 plaque-forming units of virus/ml was exposed to several ultra-high temperature treatments for 2–5 sec. Results indicated that the virus in such milk could be reliably inactivated when held at 148 C for 3 sec or longer.

Case-fatality of hand, foot and mouth disease associated with EV71: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 3094-3102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. ZHAO ◽  
H. JIN ◽  
X. F. ZHANG ◽  
B. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Model Potential ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a growing public health concern. This study aimed to estimate the case-fatality of HFMD associated with EV71 on the basis of a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Elsevier, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. Two authors independently selected relevant studies. The pooled estimate of case-fatality was calculated using a random-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression. We identified 14 eligible studies with a total population of 112 546. The random-effects pooled case-fatality was 1·7% (95% confidence interval 1·2–2·4). The funnel plot was asymmetrical. The estimate of case-fatality was highest in mainland China (1·8%). Removal of eight local Chinese studies decreased the original estimate. The pooled case-fatality in the period of 1998–2007 (1·5%) was lower than that in the period 2008–2012 (1·8%). Control measures for HFMD associated with EV71 are essential because of the increased case-fatality over time, especially in East Asia.

scholarly journals Association of PM2.5 and Its Components With Lengths of Hospital Stay for Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Jieguo Wang ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Feiran Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Demographic Features

Abstract Background Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health concern. Studies on air pollution and the lengths of hospital stay (LOS) of HFMD are scarce. Methods We characterized the clinic demographic features of 5135 hospitalized HFMD in Nanjing, China from 2012 to 2017, and analyzed the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 as well as its components (OM, BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT, SOIL and SS) and the LOS of HFMD. Results Among them 98.62% were aged 0–6 years old, and 3772 (73.46%) were hospitalized for seven days or less. The LOS of HFMD children was different in different ages, illness onset years and illness onset seasons (P<0.01). For per IQR increase in PM2.5 concentrations, LOS of HFMD increased by 0.52(0.33, 0.71), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31–0.69) and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.28–0.65) day in adjusted models at lag 3 days, lag 7days and lag 14 days, respectively. In addition, per IQR increase of BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL were also significantly associated with the LOS of HFMD. Conclusions Our findings corroborated the hypothesis that short-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased the LOS of HFMD, and its components (BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL) of PM2.5 might play a key role in the prolonged LOS of HFMD.

scholarly journals Thermal Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Milk Using High-Temperature, Short-Time Pasteurization

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 3202-3211 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Tomasula ◽  
M.F. Kozempel ◽  
R.P. Konstance ◽  
D. Gregg ◽  
S. Boettcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Short Time

scholarly journals Economic Burden Attributed to Children Presenting to Hospitals With Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Nguyen Thanh Nhan ◽  
Hugo C Turner ◽  
Truong Huu Khanh ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Hung ◽  
Le Bich Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has become a major public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. Knowledge of its economic burden is essential for policy makers in prioritizing the development and implementation of interventions. Methods A multi-hospital-based study was prospectively conducted at 3 major hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, during 2016–2017. Data on direct and productivity costs were collected alongside clinical information and samples and demographic information from study participants. Results A total of 466 patients were enrolled. Two hundred three of 466 (43.6%) patients lived in Ho Chi Minh City, and 72/466 (15.5%) had severe HFMD. An enterovirus was identified in 74% of 466 patients, with EV-A71, CV-A6, CV-A10, and CV-A16 being the most common viruses identified (236/466, 50.6%). The mean economic burden per case was estimated at US$400.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], $353.80–$448.90), of which the total direct (medical) costs accounted for 69.7%. There were considerable differences in direct medical costs between groups of patients with different clinical severities and pathogens (ie, EV-A71 vs non-EV-A71). In Vietnam, during 2016–2017, the economic burden posed by HFMD was US$90 761 749 (95% CI, $79 033 973–$103 009 756). Conclusions Our findings are of public health significance because for the first time we demonstrate that HFMD causes a substantial economic burden in Vietnam, and although multivalent vaccines are required to control HFMD, effective EV-A71 vaccine could substantially reduce the burden posed by severe HFMD. The results will be helpful for health policy makers in prioritizing resources for the development and implementation of intervention strategies to reduce the burden of HFMD.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

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