scholarly journals Quantifying the influence of temperature on hand, foot and mouth disease incidence in Wuhan, Central China

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Huang ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Yeqing Tong ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Central China ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

scholarly journals Regional-level risk factors for severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease: an ecological study from mainland China

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Pan ◽  
Fengfeng Liu ◽  
Juying Zhang ◽  
Xing Zhao ◽  
Yifan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Central China ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a life-threatening contagious disease among young children and infants. Although enterovirus A71 has been well acknowledged to be the dominant cause of severe HFMD, there still remain other unidentified risk factors for severe HFMD. Previous studies mainly focused on identifying the individual-level risk factors from a clinical perspective, while rare studies aimed to clarify the association between regional-level risk factors and severe HFMD, which may be more important from a public health perspective. Methods We retrieved the clinical HFMD counts between 2008 and 2014 from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, which were used to calculated the case-severity rate in 143 prefectural-level cities in mainland China. For each of those 143 cities, we further obtained city-specific characteristics from the China City Statistical Yearbook (social and economic variables) and the national meteorological monitoring system (meteorological variables). A Poisson regression model was then used to estimate the associations between city-specific characteristics (reduced by the principal component analysis to avoid multicollinearity) and the case-severity rate of HFMD. The above analysis was further stratified by age and gender to examine potential modifying effects and vulnerable sub-populations. Results We found that the case-severity rate of HFMD varied dramatically between cities, ranging from 0 to 8.09%. Cities with high case-severity rates were mainly clustered in Central China. By relating the case-severity rate to city-specific characteristics, we found that both the principal component characterized by a high level of social and economic development (RR = 0.823, 95%CI 0.739, 0.916) and another that characterized by warm and humid climate (RR = 0.771, 95%CI 0.619, 0.960) were negatively associated with the case-severity rate of HFMD. These estimations were consistent across age and gender sub-populations. Conclusion Except for the type of infected pathogen, the case-severity rate of HFMD was closely related to city development and meteorological factor. These findings suggest that social and environmental factors may also play an important role in the progress of severe HFMD.

scholarly journals Estimating the Influence of High Temperature on Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Incidence in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijie Luan ◽  
Shaonan Liu ◽  
Weiyan Zhang ◽  
Long Zhai ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract The burden of disease caused by ambient high temperature has become a public health concern, but the association between high temperature and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remain indistinct. We used Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM) to estimate the burden of disease attribute to high temperature, adjusting for long-term trend and weather confounders. Total 18167455 cases were reported in 31 Chinese provinces, the incidence of HFMD showed a gradually increasing trend from 2008 to 2017 in China. Minimum Mortality Temperature (MMT) was mainly concentrated at 17°C to 23°C in the age group less than 5 years old, 18°C to 25°C in the age group 6~10 years old and 19°C to 27°C in the age group above 10 years old. The greatest RR in age group 0~5 years old was 2.06 (95%CI: 1.85~2.30) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR was 1.02 (95%CI: 1.00~1.05) in Guangdong; the greatest RR in age group 6~10 years old was 2.24 (95%CI: 1.72~2.91) in Guizhou, and the lowest RR was 1.01 (95%CI: 0.97~1.12) in Tianjin; the greatest RR in the age group over 10 years old was 2.53 (95%CI: 1.66~3.87) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR 1.02 (95%CI: 0.71~1.46) in Henan. We found the positive association between high temperature and HFMD in China.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

High resolution surface structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
S. S. Breese ◽  
H. L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Models for the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proposed from chemical and physical measurements (Brown, et al., 1970; Talbot and Brown, 1972; Strohmaier and Adam, 1976) and from rotational image-enhancement electron microscopy (Breese, et al., 1965). In this report we examine the surface structure of FMDV particles by high resolution electron microscopy and compare it with that of particles in which the outermost capsid protein VP3 (ca. 30, 000 daltons) has been split into smaller segments, two of which VP3a and VP3b have molecular weights of about 15, 000 daltons (Bachrach, et al., 1975).Highly purified and concentrated type A12, strain 119 FMDV (5 mg/ml) was prepared as previously described (Bachrach, et al., 1964) and stored at 4°C in 0. 2 M KC1-0. 5 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 5. For electron microscopy, 1. 0 ml samples of purified virus and trypsin-treated virus were dialyzed at 4°C against 0. 2 M NH4OAC at pH 7. 3, deposited onto carbonized formvar-coated copper screens and stained with phosphotungstic acid, pH 7. 3.

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