Non-Prescription Antibiotic Use for Cough Among Chinese Children Aged Under 5 Years: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background: Cough is a common symptom in childhood and is an important circumstance of inappropriate antibiotic use. This study aimed to investigate the non-prescription use of antibiotics for cough among children aged under 5 years.Methods: We conducted a community-based survey of under-5 children in Yiwu, China from October to November 2019. The subjects were enrolled from 14 townships using a two-stage stratified sampling procedure. Detailed information was collected through a face-to-face interview based on a standard questionnaire, and the children’s caregivers answered as agents. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with nonprescription use of antibiotics for cough in children. Results: A total of 3102 children were included in the study, and 1211 children were reported to have a cough in the past month. Among them, 40.2% (487/1211) were medicated with antibiotics, and 18.7% (91/487) of these were unprescribed. Cephalosporins were the most frequently used antibiotic (52.8%), and community pharmacies were the main source (53.7%). Children who coughed for 1–2 weeks (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.03-2.90) or 3–4 weeks (OR=2.39, 95%CI=1.08-4.97), with 2 or more accompanying symptoms (OR=2.44, 95% CI=1.14-5.72), or with a family annual income between 50000 and 100000 RMB (OR=4.14, 95% CI=1.41-17.69) had a higher risk of non-prescription use of antibiotics than those coughing for <1 week, without accompanying symptoms, or with family annual income <50000 RMB.Conclusions: Our findings indicated that a high proportion of infants and young children had been treated with antibiotics for cough, and nearly 1/5 of them were used without prescription. More public health campaigns and further health teaching on the appropriate use of antibiotics are needed to ensure the rational treatment of cough in children.

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Non-prescription antibiotic use for cough among Chinese children under 5 years of age: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e051372

Author(s):

Yao Zhu ◽

Xuewen Tang ◽

Rui Yan ◽

Zhujun Shao ◽

Yang Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Use ◽

Further Education ◽

Annual Income ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Runny Nose ◽

The Past ◽

Children's Caregivers ◽

Children Under 5

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the non-prescription use of antibiotics for cough among children under 5 years in China.DesignA community-based cross-sectional survey.SettingA face-to-face interview based on a standard questionnaire in the community from October to December 2019.ParticipantsA total of 3102 children under 5 years of age were enrolled with probability proportionate to size sampling method. The children’s caregivers provided the responses as their agents.Outcome measuresCough in the past month, non-prescription use of antibiotics after cough.Results1211 of 3102 children were reported to have a cough in the past month. Of these, 40.2% (487/1211) were medicated with antibiotics, and 18.7% (91/487) of these were not prescribed. Cephalosporins were the most frequently used antibiotic (52.8%), and community pharmacies were the main source (53.7%). Children who coughed for 1–2 weeks (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.90) or 3–4 weeks (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.97), with runny nose (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.19) or those whose family annual income between ¥50 000 and ¥100 000 (OR 4.44, 95% CI 1.52 to 18.95) had a higher risk of non-prescription use of antibiotics than those coughing for <1 week, without runny nose or with family annual income <¥50 000.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that a high proportion of infants and young children had been treated with antibiotics for cough, and nearly one in five of them were used without prescription. More public health campaigns and further education on the appropriate use of antibiotics are needed to ensure the rational treatment of cough in children.

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Physical, behavioral and sociodemographic determinants of hypertension among the adult population in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia: community based study

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-019-4804-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gemechis Teshome Geleta ◽

Melese Chego Cheme ◽

Elias Merdassa Roro

Keyword(s):

Formal Education ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Community Level ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sociodemographic Determinants

Abstract Objectives Hypertension is a growing public health problem in many developing countries. However, there is an insufficiency of scientific evidence on the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) at a community level in the study area. The aim of the study was exploring the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Nekemte town, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 711 adults who were selected by the multistage sampling procedure. Height, weight, blood pressure and waist circumference were measured with standard procedures. Data were analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20, and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the independent risk factors for hypertension. Result The overall prevalence of hypertension was 34.9% among the adult population. Of them, only 52.7% know their status, and 22.4% were on antihypertensive medication. The prevalence of hypertension was higher among the older aged; AOR 5.85 (95% CI 1.74–20), Obese and over-weighted; (AOR 1.71 (95% CI 1.09–2.67)), Khat chewers in the past year; AOR 2.44 (95% CI 1.05–5.68), and with higher formal education (college and above); AOR 2.75 (95% CI 1.26–6.03) than their respective counterparts. Community-level prevention and treatment of hypertension should get due attention.

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Physical, Behavioral and Sociodemographic determinants of hypertension among adult population in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia: Community based study.

10.21203/rs.2.14395/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gemechis Teshome Geleta ◽

Melese Chego Cheme ◽

Elias Merdassa Roro

Keyword(s):

Formal Education ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Community Level ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sociodemographic Determinants

Abstract Objectives: Hypertension is a growing public health problem in many developing countries. However, there is an insufficiency of scientific evidence on the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) at a community level in the study area. The aim of the study was exploring the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Nekemte town, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 711 adults who were selected by the multistage sampling procedure. Height, weight, blood pressure and waist circumference were measured with standard procedures. Data were analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20, and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the independent risk factors for hypertension. Result: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 34.9% among the adult population. Of them, only 52.7% know their status, and 22.4% were on antihypertensive medication. The prevalence of hypertension was higher among the older aged; AOR 5.85 (95% CI=1.74-20), Obese and over-weighted; (AOR 1.71 (95% CI=1.09-2.67), Khat chewers in the past year; AOR 2.44 (95% CI=1.05-5.68), and with higher formal education (college and above); AOR 2.75 (95% CI=1.26-6.03) than their respective counterparts. Community-level prevention and treatment of hypertension should get due attention. Keywords: Hypertension, Nekemte, Ethiopia.

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Physical, Behavioral and Sociodemographic determinants of hypertension among adult population in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia: Community based study.

10.21203/rs.2.14395/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gemechis Teshome Geleta ◽

Melese Chego Cheme ◽

Elias Merdassa Roro

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sociodemographic Determinants ◽

Multistage Sampling

Abstract Objectives Although hypertension is a growing public health problem in many developing countries there is inadequacy of scientific evidences on community based level of hypertension among the population. The study aimed at exploring prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Nekemte town, Ethiopia. Community based cross sectional study was conducted on 711 adults selected by multistage sampling procedure and data obtained by interview. Height, Weight, Blood Pressure and waist circumference were measured with standard procedures. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 version and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the independent risk factors for hypertension.Result The overall prevalence of hypertension was 34.9% of which only about half (52.7%) of them knew that they were hypertensive and only 22.4% of them were on medication. Older age; age group >65 year (AOR =5.85, 95% CI; 1.74-20), 41-64 year (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI; 1.49-4.57), Obesity and overweight (AOR =1.71, 95% CI; 1.09-2.67), chat chewers in the past year (AOR =2.44, 95% CI; 1.05-5.68) and lower educational status (AOR =2.75, 95% CI; 1.26-6.03) had higher risk of hypertension.

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Physical, Behavioral and Sociodemographic determinants of hypertension among adult population in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia: Community based study.

10.21203/rs.2.14395/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gemechis Teshome Geleta ◽

Melese Chego Cheme ◽

Elias Merdassa Roro

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sociodemographic Determinants ◽

Multistage Sampling

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Regional variation in the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes and their correlates among the adult rural population in India

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (7) ◽

pp. 1265-1272 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

I. I. Meshram ◽

M. Vishnu Vardhana Rao ◽

V. Sudershan Rao ◽

A. Laxmaiah ◽

K. Polasa

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Southern Region ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Obesity Hypertension

AbstractA community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in five regions of India by adopting a multistage random sampling procedure. Information was collected from the participants about socio-demographic particulars such as age, sex, occupation, education, etc. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight and waist and hip circumferences were measured and three measurements of blood pressure were obtained. Fasting blood sugar was assessed using a Glucometer. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, χ2 test for association and logistic regression analysis. A total of 7531 subjects were covered for anthropometry and blood pressure. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was 29 and 21 %, respectively, and was higher in the Southern region (40 % each) as compared with other regions. The prevalence of hypertension was 18 and 16 % and diabetes was 9·5 % each among men and women, respectively. The risk of hypertension and diabetes was significantly higher among adults from the Southern and Western regions, the among elderly, among overweight/obese individuals and those with abdominal obesity. In conclusion, the prevalence of overweight/obesity and hypertension was higher in the Southern region, whereas diabetes was higher in the Southern and Western regions. Factors such as increasing age, male sex, overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity were important risk factors for hypertension and diabetes. Appropriate health and nutrition education should be given to the community to control these problems.

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KNOWLEDGE Of ANTIBIOTIC USE, MISUSE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE SLUM COMMUNITY IN KARACHI

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v9i1.271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 04-06 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alia Nasir ◽

Badil Das Goil ◽

Adeel Eliyas ◽

Shireen Sherali ◽

Muhammad Hasnain Shaikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Improper Use ◽

Slum Community

Background: Worldwide antimicrobial resistance is hugely increasing in the response of inappropriate antibiotic use. Our objectives were to assess knowledge of antibiotic use, misuse and antibiotic resistance in the slum community of Karachi. Methods: This Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out Shireen Jinnah Colony in Karachi for the period of six months from 1st January to 30th June 2017.Subjects of both genders were approached through convenient non-probability sampling technique. Subjects of both genders having age 15 years and above and who were willing to participate in the study were included. An adapted and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Out of total 120 subjects, the majority of 100 (83.3%) were males, 64 (53.3%) married, 36 (30%) were matriculate and 54.2% fell in the age group between 15-30 years of age. Majority of 77.5% participants never attended any seminar or workshop about antibiotic resistance. Most of 73.33% subjects answered that antibiotics are effective in treating both bacterial and viral infections. 60.83% of respondents purchase antibiotic with the prescription. 70 % of subjects knew about antibiotic adverse drug reaction. In addition, 60.83% stop the antibiotic medication when feeling better. Conclusion: The study concluded the lack of knowledge of the use of antibiotics and the unnecessary and improper use of the antibiotic may cause antibiotic resistance.

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Menopause-Specific Quality of Life among Emirati Women

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Linda Smail ◽

Ghufran Jassim ◽

Anam Shakil

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Sexual Symptoms ◽

Study Participants

To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of menopausal Emirati women aged 40–64 years and determine its relationship with their sociodemographic characteristics. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 Emirati women using multistage stratified clustered random sampling. The participants were interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire comprising sociodemographic variables, reproductive characteristics, and the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. The most common symptom among the study participants was ‘aching in the muscles’. The participants had a moderate level of bothersome symptoms; in addition, vasomotor symptoms were reported by 61%, while sexual symptoms were only reported by one-third of the participants. There were no significant differences between the menopausal status in any of the four domains of the MENQOL questionnaire. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the mean scores of the four MENQOL domains and all predictors. This study highlights the importance of educating women about menopause and its symptoms.

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ANTIBIOTICS IN THE HANDS OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS: A PROSPECTIVE AVENUE FOR COMMUNITY BASED ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE

African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment ◽

10.52417/ajhse.v2i2.160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

N. A. Isabel ◽

O. I. Joshua ◽

A. E. Efe

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Benin City ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Fever Treatment ◽

Study Participants

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is high on the agenda of global health organizations with an increasing interest in community-based AMS initiatives, as this is where the majority of antibiotic use occurs. This study sought to evaluate the practice of community pharmacists toward antibiotic use and the likely need for AMS. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among registered community pharmacists in Benin City, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. All study participants were duly informed on study objectives and informed consent was sought. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Of the 101 pharmacists who participated in the study, 92 (91.1%) dispensed antibiotics without prescription. The most prescribed antibiotic is Ciprofloxacin 59(58.42%), followed by Amoxicillin 42 (41.58%) and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid 41 (40.59%). Ninety-six (95%) of the pharmacists use antibiotics agents as an adjunct in Typhoid fever treatment, and 78(77.2%) of them use it as an adjunct in Malaria treatment. Cost 32 (31.68%) is the most common reason for dispensing antibiotics without laboratory investigation and physician’s consultation. Most (93.1%) pharmacists agree that they need training on antimicrobial stewardship practice. The antibiotic prescription pattern among community pharmacists was high, the possibility of antibiotic misuse in the hands of community pharmacists without appropriate guidelines cannot be overlooked. This emphasizes the need for the inclusion of community pharmacies in antimicrobial stewardship programs.

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Lipophilic Statin Use and Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of Adults With Mood Disorders

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000260 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 278-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Karen M. Davison ◽

Bonnie J. Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptom Scores ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Predominantly Female ◽

Lipophilic Statin

Background: Mood disorders are associated with a high risk of suicide. Statin therapy has been implicated in this relationship. Aims: To further clarify reported associations between suicide and cholesterol in mental health conditions, we conducted an analysis of dietary, clinical, and suicidal ideation measures in community-living adults with mood disorders. Method: Data were used from a cross-sectional study of a randomly selected community-based sample (> 18 years; n = 97) with verified mood disorders. Dietary (e.g., fat, iron, vitamin intakes), clinical (e.g., current depression and mania symptoms, medications), and sociodemographic (age, sex, and income) measures were analyzed using bivariate statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Participants were predominantly female (71.1%) with bipolar disorder (59.8%); almost one-third (28.9%) were taking lipophilic statins. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was more than 2.5 times in those taking statins, PR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.27–5.31, p < .05. The prevalence ratio for suicidal ideation was 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.15, p < .001, for each unit increase in mania symptom scores. No associations between suicidal ideation and dietary intake measures were identified. Conclusion: Individuals with mood disorders may be susceptible to neuropsychiatric effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs, which warrants further research.

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