scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic Loading Rate and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal: A Coupled Anaerobic-aerobic Treatment Approach for Molasses Distillery Stillage Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew D. Gebreeyessus ◽  
Andualem Mekonnen ◽  
Yonas Chebude ◽  
Asaithambi Perumal ◽  
Esayas Alemayehu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Promising Technique

Abstract The objective of the current study is to determine the optimum organic loading rate for a continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) of an ethanol distillery stillage with and without of feed pretreatment. The AD has been performed in scoria packed continuous reactors. The pretreatment of the molasses ethanol distillery stillage brought a significantly better chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal with an increased loading rate to 2000 mg/L-d, when compared with the raw. The results obtained also showed a complete removal of the BOD, which was realized after applying the coupling of AD and aerobic treatments. During aerobic treatment, 68% of the organics were removed within eight hours of retention time. Despite the persistence of color, the removal of organics from integrating the wet air pretreatment, continuous AD and aerobic remediations appear to be promising technique towards the sustainable management of stillage thereby meeting discharge limits.

scholarly journals Effect of Stillage Pretreatment During a Coupled Scoria-Supported Anaerobic Digestion Followed by Aerobic Degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212199181
Author(s):  
Getachew Dagnew Gebreeyessus ◽  
Andualem Mekonnen ◽  
Yonas Chebude ◽  
Perumal Asaithambi ◽  
Trichur Ramaswamy Sreekrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Aerobic Degradation ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Promising Technique

The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment efficiency of a coupled stillage anaerobic digestion, which was performed in scoria-packed continuous reactors and following aerobic degradation. The optimum organic loading rate was determined for the continuous anaerobic digestion of a molasses ethanol distillery stillage with and without wet air feed pretreatment. The pretreatment of the molasses ethanol distillery stillage brought a significantly higher chemical oxygen demand removal in anaerobic digestion with an increased loading rate of 2000 mg/L d when compared with the raw stillage. The results also showed a complete removal of the biological oxygen demand following the coupling of anaerobic digestion with aerobic degradation. During the later stillage aerobic treatment, 68% of the chemical oxygen demand was removed within 8 hours of retention time. Despite the color, the removal of organics in stillage due to integrating wet air pretreatment, continuous anaerobic digestion, and aerobic degradation was successful. The pretreatment and hybrid technique also appears as a promising technique toward the sustainable management of stillage, thereby meeting discharge limit set for the ethanol industry by regulators.

Enhanced removal of chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen and phosphorus using the ameliorative anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process and micro-electrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Q. Bao ◽  
J. Q. Gao ◽  
Z. B. Wang ◽  
R. Q. Zhang ◽  
Z. Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Synthetic wastewater was treated using a novel system integrating the reversed anoxic/anaerobic/oxic (RAAO) process, a micro-electrolysis (ME) bed and complex biological media. The system showed superior chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal rates. Performance of the system was optimised by considering the influences of three major controlling factors, namely, hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR) and mixed liquor recirculation (MLR). TP removal efficiencies were 69, 87, 87 and 83% under the HRTs of 4, 8, 12 and 16 h. In contrast, HRT had negligible effects on the COD and TN removal efficiencies. COD, TN and TP removal efficiencies from synthetic wastewater were 95, 63 and 87%, respectively, at an OLR of 1.9 g/(L·d). The concentrations of COD, TN and TP in the effluent were less than 50, 15 and 1 mg/L, respectively, at the controlled MLR range of 75–100%. In this system, organics, TN and TP were primarily removed from anoxic tank regardless of the operational conditions.

Working Parameters Optimization of Hydrolysis-acidogenesis reactor in two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse Wastewater for Biogas Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene Tsegaye Bedane ◽  
Mohammed Mazharuddin Khan ◽  
Seyoum Leta Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Working Parameters

Abstract Background : Wastewater from agro-industries such as slaughterhouse is typical organic wastewater with high value of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biological organic nutrients (Nitrogen and phosphate) which are insoluble, slowly biodegradable solids, pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses, parasite eggs. Moreover it contains high protein and putrefies fast leading to environmental pollution problem. This indicates that slaughterhouses are among the most environmental polluting agro-industries. Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of metabolic steps involving consortiums of several microbial populations to form a complex metabolic interaction network resulting in the conversation of organic matter into methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other trace compounds. Separation of the phase permits the optimization of the organic loading rate and HRT based on the requirements of the microbial consortiums of each phase. The purpose of this study was to optimize the working conditions for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage in two step/phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater. The setup of the laboratory scale reactor was established at Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Science with a total volume of 40 liter (36 liter working volume and 4 liter gas space). The working parameters for hydrolytic - acidogenic stage were optimized for six hydraulic retention time 1-6 days and equivalent organic loading rate of 5366.43 – 894.41 mg COD/L day to evaluate the effect of the working parameters on the performance of hydrolytic – acidogenic reactor. Result : The finding revealed that hydraulic retention time of 3 day with organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L day was a as an optimal working conditions for the parameters under study for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage. The degree of hydrolysis and acidification were mainly influenced by lower hydraulic retention time (higher organic loading rate) and highest values recorded were 63.92 % at hydraulic retention time of 3 day and 53.26% at hydraulic retention time of 2 day respectively. Conclusion : The finding of the present study indicated that at steady state the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand and total volatile fatty acids increase as hydraulic retention time decreased or organic loading rate increased from 1 day hydraulic retention time to 3 day hydraulic retention time and decreases as hydraulic retention time increase from 4 to 6 day. The lowest concentration of NH 4 + -N and highest degree of acidification was also achieved at hydraulic retention time of 3 day. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydraulic retention time of 3 day/organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L .day was selected as an optimal working condition for the high performance and stability during the two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater for the hydrolytic-acidogenic stage under mesophilic temperature range selected (37.5℃). Keywords : Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Hydrolytic – Acidogenic, Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion, Optimal Condition, Agro-processing wastewater

The Study of Engineering Control Parameters on Soybean Protein Wastewater by UASB Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1031-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Zi Rui Guo ◽  
Xiao Ye Liu ◽  
Yong Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Brown Sugar

In order to disscuss the ability of H2-production and wastewater treatment, a up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) using a synthesize substrate with brown sugar wastewater was conducted to investigate the hydrogen yield, hydrogen producing rate, fermentation type of biohydrogen production, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, respectively. In this paper, UASB reactor was seeded with sludge from the Harbin Wenchang Sewage treatment plant dewatered sludge. Successful start-up of the reactor was achieved within 40 days at 35±1°C.The concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in influent is increased from 1100mg/L . When it reached maximum, the loading rate was adjusted in a small way and indicators such as VFA, pH and COD in effluent as well as gas production are observed. The most relevant parameters were calibrated with lab-scale experimental data. These experimental results clearly showed that, the most proper corresponding organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were 6 kg/ (m3.d)（COD=6000mg/L）and 24 h respectively. Up to 85% of COD was removed and the CH4 production rate of 3.2 m3 / (m3 .d) was obtained. The produced biogas contained 72% of CH4. In the mean time, anaerobic sludge multiplies more faster and exiguous particles appeared. Granules with diameter 1-3mm.

Application of cigarette filter rods as biofilm carrier in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1793-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sabzali ◽  
Mahnaz Nikaeen ◽  
Bijan Bina
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Activated Sludge Reactor

Bio-carriers are an important component of integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) processes. In this study, the capability of cigarette filter rods (CFRs) as a bio-carrier in IFAS processes was evaluated. Two similar laboratory-scale IFAS systems were operated over a 4-month period using Kaldnes-K3 and CFRs as IFAS media. The process performance was studied by using chemical oxygen demand (COD). The organic loading rate was in the range 0.5–2.8 kgCOD/(m3·d). The COD average removal efficiencies were 89.3 and 93.9% for Kaldnes-K3 (reactor A) and cigarette filters (reactor B), respectively. The results demonstrate that the performance of the IFAS reactor containing CFRs was comparable to the reactor using Kaldnes. The CFRs, which have a high porous surface area and entrapment ability for microbial cells, could be successfully used in biofilm reactors as a bio-carrier.

Nitrogen removal from high organic loading wastewater in modified Ludzack–Ettinger configuration MBBR system

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1274-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Torkaman ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Borghei ◽  
Sepehr Tahmasebian ◽  
Mohammad Reza Andalibi
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Denitrification Rate ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Aerobic Reactor

A moving bed biofilm reactor with pre-denitrification configuration was fed with a synthetic wastewater containing high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia. By changing different variables including ammonium and COD loading, nitrification rate in the aerobic reactor and denitrification rate in the anoxic reactor were monitored. Changing the influent loading was achieved via adjusting the inlet COD (956–2,096 mg/L), inlet ammonium (183–438 mg/L), and hydraulic retention time of the aerobic reactor (8, 12, and 18 hours). The overall organic loading rate was in the range of 3.60–17.37 gCOD/m2·day, of which 18.5–91% was removed in the anoxic reactor depending on the operational conditions. Considering the complementary role of the aerobic reactor, the overall COD removal was in the range 87.3–98.8%. In addition, nitrification rate increased with influent ammonium loading, the maximum rate reaching 3.05 gNH4/m2·day. One of the most important factors affecting nitrification rate was influent C:N entering the aerobic reactor, by increasing which nitrification rate decreased asymptotically. Nitrate removal efficiency in the anoxic reactor was also controlled by the inlet nitrate level entering the anoxic reactor. Furthermore, by increasing the nitrate loading rate from 0.91 to 3.49 gNO/m3·day, denitrification rate increased from 0.496 to 2.47 gNO/m3·day.

Anaerobic baffled reactor treatment of biodiesel-processing wastewater with high strength of methanol and glycerol: reactor performance and biogas production

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin Phukingngam ◽  
Orathai Chavalparit ◽  
Dararat Somchai ◽  
Maneerat Ongwandee
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

AbstractBiodiesel-processing factories employing the alkali-catalyzed transesterification process generate a large amount of wastewater containing high amount of methanol, glycerol, and oil. As such, wastewater has high potential to produce biogas using anaerobic treatment. The aim of this research was to investigate the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor for organic removal and biogas production from biodiesel wastewater. The effect of different organic loading rates, varying from 0.5 kg m−3 d−1 to 3.0 kg m−3 d−1 of chemical oxygen demand, was determined using three 22 L reactors, each comprising five separate compartments. Wastewater was pretreated with chemical coagulants to partially remove oil prior to experimentation. Results show that the anaerobic baffled reactor operated at 1.5 kg m−3 d−1 of chemical oxygen demand and ten days of hydraulic retention time provided the best removal efficiencies of 99 % of chemical oxygen demand, 100 % of methanol, and 100 % of glycerol. Increasing the organic loading rate over 1.5 kg m−3 d−1 of chemical oxygen demand led to excessive accumulation of volatile fatty acids thereby making the pH drop to a value unfavorable for methanogenesis. The biogas production rate was 12 L d−1 and the methane composition accounted for 64–74 %. Phase-separated characteristics revealed that the highest chemical oxygen demand removal percentage was achieved in the first compartment and the removal efficiency gradually decreased longitudinally. A scanning electron microscopic study indicated that the most predominant group of microorganisms residing on the external surface of the granular sludge was Methanosarcina.

Petrochemical wastewater treatment with aerated submerged fixed-film reactor (ASFFR) under high organic loading rate

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Park ◽  
K. H. Lee ◽  
D. S. Kim ◽  
C. W. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Petrochemical Wastewater ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Film Reactor

An aerated submerged fixed-film reactor (ASFFR) was developed to treat a petrochemical wastewater with high organic loading rate, where stationary submerged biofilms were attached to net-type media (SARAN 1000D) under diffused aeration. The specific surface area of SARAN 1000D was 400 m2/m3 approximately. The organic removal ability of the reactor was tested in three lab-scale ASFFRs. The reactor demonstrated 91.8-96.6% removal efficiencies of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and exhibited efficient and stable performance at organic loadings of 1.02-6.21 kg COD/m3 day. When the media packing ratio increased the COD removal efficiency increased, while the effluent COD and SS concentrations were stable. The organic removal rates were dependent on the effluent SCOD concentration and the reaction orders were the same as or lower than 0.5. Based on the experimental results, the ASFFR should be very suitable for treating petrochemical wastewater with relatively high organic loading rate.

Start up of an anaerobic inverse turbulent bed reactor fed with wine distillery wastewater using pre-colonised bioparticles

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Arnaiz ◽  
S. Elmaleh ◽  
J. Lebrato ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Distillery Wastewater

The long start-up period of fluidized bed biofilm reactors is a serious obstacle for their wide installation in the anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater. This paper presents the results of an anaerobic inverse turbulent bioreactor treating distillery wastewater during 117 days of operation at a laboratory scale. The pre-colonized bioparticles for this work were obtained from a similar reactor processing the same wastewater and which had a start-up period of 3 months. The system attained carbon removal efficiency rates between 70 and 92%, at an organic loading rate of 30.6 kg m+3 d+1 (chemical oxygen demand) with a hydraulic retention time of 11.1 h. The results obtained showed that the start-up period of this kind of reactors can be reduced by 3 using pre-colonized bioparticles.

Operation of an anaerobic filter compared with an anaerobic moving bed bioreactor for the treatment of waste water from hydrothermal carbonisation of fine mulch

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2065-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Meier ◽  
U. Austermann-Haun ◽  
J. Fettig ◽  
H. Liebe ◽  
M. Wichern
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonisation ◽  
First Time

This experimental study investigates the anaerobic digestion of waste water from hydrothermal carbonisation of fine mulch (wood chips) in combination with a co-substrate for the first time. Two anaerobic reactors, an anaerobic filter (AF) and an anaerobic moving bed bioreactor (AnMBBR), were operated over a period of 131 days at mesophilic conditions. The organic loading rate was increased to a maximum of 8.5 g L−l d−1 in the AF and the AnMBBR. Both reactors achieved similarly efficient chemical oxygen demand removal rates of 80% approximately (approx.) and high methane production rates of approx. 2.7 L L−1 d−1. Nevertheless, signs of an inhibition were observed during the experiments.

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