scholarly journals Increased Fat Mass Leads To Bone Loss, A Prospective Short-Term, 18-Week Study In Young Healthy Men Undergoing Basic Training of The Swiss Army

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Straessle ◽  
Jonas Grossmann ◽  
Patrick Eppenberger ◽  
Alexander Faas ◽  
Yvanka Jerkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods have been widely used to assess bone status in osteoporosis. For follow-up examinations, there are no recommendations regarding the use of QUS due to a lack of data. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal use of QUS in 4 months of military training to assess bone remodelling in association with physical activity and anthropometry.Subjects and methods: We analysed the changes in bone health using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (Sonost-3000) as well as the impact of anthropometry, body composition, and physical activity in young men at the start (n=104) and 18 weeks later after basic training (n=73).Results: After basic training, the subjects were heavier, slightly taller, and had higher fat mass and grip strength. An overall decrease in physical activity and bone ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was observed. A negative correlation between the development of fat mass and physical activity with BUA was found, with fat mass as the highest impact factor. Development of grip strength correlated positively with SOS, while skeletal muscle mass and waist circumference correlated negatively. Development of skeletal muscle mass and weight had the highest impact on SOS.Conclusion: Overall, subjects were heavier, taller, and fatter and showed increased grip strength, decreased physical activity, and loss of bone health. It is alarming that the increase in fat mass already has a negative effect on the bone structure after 18 weeks. As seen in other studies, the impact of force on bone during walking is insufficient to strengthen it. The results imply that the selected troops of the Swiss army recruits (air defence) have too little high-impact physical activity during their basic training, what should be changed in the future. To verify the worrying results from our study, a prospective randomized study with a survey of low and high impact activities as well as a detailed survey of eating and nutritional habits during basic training should be carried out. QUS seems to be a good tool for assessing bone status, even in the event of short-term changes.

scholarly journals FRI0384 BODY COMPOSITION AS A MEDIATOR IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN LOWER-LIMB OSTEOARTHRITIS: RESULTS FROM THE KHOALA COHORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 789.1-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wieczorek ◽  
C. Rotonda ◽  
J. Sellam ◽  
F. Guillemin ◽  
A. C. Rat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index

Background:Many trials investigated the beneficial effect of physical activity (PA) on physical function (PF) in people with osteoarthritis (OA), but factors involved in this relationship are poorly understood. Considering the link between OA and obesity and obesity-related disorders, body composition (BC) could be one of these factors.Objectives:To examine the relationships between baseline components of PA and 5-year PF scores, considering BC variables measured at 3 years as potential mediators in theses associations (Figure).Methods:We used data from the KHOALA cohort, a French population-based multicenter cohort of 878 patients with symptomatic knee and/or hip OA, aged between 40 and 75 years old. Baseline PA intensity (Metabolic Equivalent of Task, MET), frequency (times/week), duration (hours/week) and type (weight-bearing or not) were assessed by the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. PF was measured with the WOMAC questionnaire at 5 years (higher scores = greater functional limitations).Skeletal muscle mass (grams) and fat mass (grams) were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 358 patients at 3 years. Fat mass index (kg/m2), appendicular fat mass (kg), % of fat mass, lean mass index (kg/m2), appendicular muscle mass (kg), skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2or %) were calculated based on DXA data. Sarcopenia was defined according to the FNIH Sarcopenia Project recommendations.A causal mediation analysis was used to highlight the mediating role of BC variables. Bivariate analyses (multiple linear and logistic regressions) were performed to select the variables of interest. Separate generalized linear models were used to describe the relationships between PA components, PF and selected BC variables. Unadjusted and adjusted for baseline confounders (age, gender, number of comorbidities, disease duration, mental health and vitality scores) models were ran.Results:A 1-MET increase in baseline PA intensity was significantly associated with an improvement in PF at 5 years (-3 points). Weight-bearing PA was also significantly associated with better PF scores (-5 points).A 1-MET-increase in PA intensity at baseline was associated with a subsequent decrease at 3 years in fat mass index (-0.86 k/m2), an increase in skeletal muscle mass index (≥ 6%), and a decrease in % of fat mass (-2%). Non-weight-bearing PA was significantly associated with a decrease in fat mass index (-2.5 kg/m2).A 1-point increase in PF score was associated with a reduction in skeletal muscle mass index (calculated from body mass index, -0.3%) and an increase in skeletal muscle mass index (calculated from height, +3 kg/m2). The presence of sarcopenia was significantly associated with a degradation of PF (+7 points).Crude analyses indicated that 20.4% of the effect of baseline PA intensity on PF scores at 5 years was mediated by skeletal muscle mass index (calculated from height), 23.2% by fat mass index and 26.6% by % of fat mass. Similarly, 19.3% of the effect of baseline PA type on PF scores at 5 years was mediated by fat mass index and 15.1% by % of fat mass. After adjustment, we found no longer evidence of a mediating role of BC variables in these associations.Conclusion:We found significant associations between a 1-MET increase in PA intensity, weight-bearing PA at baseline and improvement in PF at 5 years, without any mediating role of BC variables. Further studies are needed to better understand the factors involved in these associations, especially psychosocial variables.Disclosure of Interests:Maud Wieczorek: None declared, Christine Rotonda: None declared, Jérémie SELLAM: None declared, Francis Guillemin Grant/research support from: Francis Guillemin received a grant from Expanscience paid to his institution., Anne-Christine Rat: None declared

scholarly journals Higher Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Protects Metabolically Healthy Obese Boys but Not Girls from Cardiometabolic Abnormality

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Nam Kim ◽  
Jaehee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
The Impact

Factors related to metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) are not well characterized in adolescents. The study’s aim was to investigate the impact of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on MHO in adolescents. A secondary analysis was performed using the data of 221 Korean overweight and obese adolescents aged 12–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) mass and total body fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Being metabolically unhealthy was defined using three definitions: Having ≥1, ≥2, or ≥3 cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs; waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol). Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and lifestyle factors were performed to assess the association between ASM and MHO. In boys, the risk for having either ≥2 CRFs or ≥3 CRFs was significantly lower with higher weight-adjusted ASM and ratio of ASM to fat mass after controlling for covariates, but this association was not significant with CRFs ≥ 1. In girls, all adjusted odds ratios were not significant. Findings indicate that SMM is a potentially protective factor against cardiometabolic abnormality in adolescents with MHO, showing gender difference. This heightens the importance of SMM in the management of obesity, especially in boys.

scholarly journals Static one-leg standing balance test as a screening tool for low muscle mass in healthy elderly women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praval Khanal ◽  
Lingxiao He ◽  
Georgina K. Stebbings ◽  
Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson ◽  
Hans Degens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Balance Test

Abstract Background Identification of simple screening tools for detecting lower skeletal muscle mass may be beneficial for planning effective interventions in the elderly. Aims We aimed to (1) establish a threshold for one-leg standing balance test (OLST) time for low muscle mass, and (2) test the ability of that threshold to assess muscular impairments in a poor balance group. Methods Eyes-open OLST (maximum duration 30 s) was performed with right and left legs in 291 women (age 71 ± 6 years). OLST time was calculated as the sum of the OLST time of right and left legs. Fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), fat mass, biceps brachii and vastus lateralis sizes; handgrip strength (HGS), elbow flexion maximum torque (MVCEF) and knee extension maximum torque (MVCKE) were measured. Muscle quality was calculated as MVCKE/FFM and physical activity was assessed by questionnaire. Low muscle mass was defined as SMMrelative of 22.1%, a previously established threshold for pre-sarcopenia. Results The OLST threshold time to detect low muscle mass was 55 s (sensitivity: 0.63; specificity: 0.60). The poor balance group (OLST < 55 s) had higher fat mass (3.0%, p < 0.001), larger VL thickness (5.1%, p = 0.016), and lower HGS (− 10.2%, p < 0.001), MVCEF (− 8.2%, p = 0.003), MVCKE (− 9.5%, p = 0.012), MVCKE/FFM (− 11.0%, p = 0.004) and physical activity (− 8.0%, p = 0.024) compared to the normal balance group. While after adjusting age, the differences exist for HGS, fat mass and VL thickness only. Discussion An OLST threshold of 55 s calculated as the summed score from both legs discriminated pre-sarcopenic characteristics among active, community-dwelling older women with limited potential (sensitivity 0.63, specificity 0.60). Conclusion OLST, which can be performed easily in community settings without the need for more complex muscle mass measurement, may help identify women at risk of developing sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Visceral fat mass is associated with daily physical activity, leg skeletal muscle mass and fiber intake in healthy men

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P3397-P3397
Author(s):  
K. Nishikawa ◽  
S. Yagi ◽  
T. Ise ◽  
Y. Ueda ◽  
I. Iwase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Healthy Men

THE VALUE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN PREDICTING SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR KLATSKIN TUMOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Yuriy Zharikov ◽  
Tatyana Zharikova ◽  
Vladimir Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
Klatskin Tumor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oncological Patients

The objective of this review study was to analyze the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and postoperative short-term outcomes morbidity in patients with Klatskin tumor who underwent surgical treatment. Low index skeletal muscle mass had a negative impact factor on postoperative morbidity following resection of Klatskin tumor and should therefore be considered as preoperative risk assessment. The further study of body composition in oncological patients allowed revealing the group of patients with high probability of postoperative complications and this factor needed to be added to future models predictive scale of short-term outcomes with the aim of making the most rational preoperative treatment algorithm.

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