Diet, microbes, and cancer across the tree of life: a systematic review

Abstract Cancers are a leading cause of death in humans and for many other species. Diet has often been associated with cancers, and the microbiome is an essential mediator between diet and cancers. Here we review the work on cancer and the microbiome across species. We systematically reviewed over a thousand published articles and identified links between diet, microbes and cancers in several species of mammals, birds, and flies. Some microbes, specifically Fusobacteria, Bacteroides fragilis, Helicobacter bacteria, and papillomaviruses, have cancer-inducing effects in gerbils, mice, dogs, or cats. Other microbes, such as Lactobacillus species, mostly found in milk products, prevent gastrointestinal, breast, and lung cancers in mice and rats. Future work should examine a larger variety of host species to discover new model organisms for human preclinical trials, better understand the observed variance in cancer prevalence across species, and discover which microbes and diets are associated with cancers across species. Ultimately this could help identify microbial and dietary interventions to diagnose, prevent and treat cancers in humans as well as other animals.

Download Full-text

Effects of bariatric surgery and dietary interventions for obesity on the brain: a systematic review of PET and SPECT studies.

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2021.105518 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105518

Author(s):

Alhanouf Al Alsheikh ◽

Alexander D. Miras ◽

Anthony P. Goldstone

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

The Brain

Download Full-text

Comparison of effects of different dietary interventions on cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease: protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042997 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. e042997

Author(s):

Lili Chen ◽

Xinhua Xu ◽

Huizhen Cao ◽

Hong Li

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Evaluation Framework ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterised by cognitive impairment. Non-pharmacological treatments such as diet therapy have been widely investigated in studies on AD. Given the synergistic effects of nutrients present in foods, considering overall dietary composition rather than focusing on a single nutrient may be more useful for evaluating the relationship between diet and AD cognition. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of different dietary interventions (eg, ketogenic and Mediterranean diets) on cognitive function in patients with AD in a systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials or clinical trials.Methods and analysisTwo reviewers will independently conduct searches of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Data will be extracted from selected studies and risk of bias will be assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and evidence quality will be assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. The primary outcome of interest is cognitive function in patients with AD; secondary outcomes include biochemical biomarkers of AD and oxidative stress and/or inﬂammatory biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid or plasma. For each outcome, random-effects pairwise and network meta-analyses will be carried out to determine the pooled relative effect of each intervention relative to every other intervention.Ethics and disseminationAs this study is based solely on published literature, no ethics approval is required. The research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Download Full-text

The Effectiveness and Safety of Probiotic Supplements for Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Preclinical Trials

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2021/7552546 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Liuting Zeng ◽

Ganpeng Yu ◽

Yang Wu ◽

Wensa Hao ◽

Hua Chen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Skin Thickness ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Probiotic Treatment ◽

Preclinical Trials

Background. Patients with psoriasis need long-term medication to control their condition. Recent studies suggest that changing the intestinal flora may be a potential treatment. Methods. The databases were utilized to search the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and preclinical trials about probiotic supplement in the treatment of psoriasis. The retrieval time is from the establishment of these databases to December 2020. RevMan5.3 was used for the risk assessment of bias and meta-analysis. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021232756). Results. A total of 3 RCTs involving 164 participants were included. Two RCTs showed that probiotics can improve PASI and thereby improve the condition. For inflammation-related indicators, only one RCT showed that probiotics can improve the levels of CRP and TNF-α but have no obvious improvement effect on IL6. One RCT demonstrated the total effective rate of probiotics in the treatment of psoriasis. For adverse events, one RCT showed that the incidence of adverse events of probiotic treatment was low. Preclinical studies showed that continuous intervention with oral probiotics can significantly improve the progression of psoriasis and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors. The meta-analysis showed that the PASI between two groups was of no statistical significance (SMD 1.83 [-0.41, 4.07], P = 0.11 ). Meanwhile, probiotics may improve skin thickness (SMD -5.87 [-11.34, -0.41], P = 0.04 ) in animal model. Conclusion. Prebiotics may have a positive effect on alleviating the clinical symptoms of psoriasis, but a large sample of RCTs is still needed to support its therapeutic effect in psoriasis.

Download Full-text

Quantifying TB transmission: a systematic review of reproduction number and serial interval estimates for tuberculosis

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818001760 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (12) ◽

pp. 1478-1494 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Y. Ma ◽

C. R. Horsburgh ◽

L. F. White ◽

H. E. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Parameter Estimation ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Reproductive Number ◽

Interval Estimates ◽

Transmission Parameters ◽

Serial Interval ◽

Number Of Publications

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is the leading global infectious cause of death. Understanding TB transmission is critical to creating policies and monitoring the disease with the end goal of TB elimination. To our knowledge, there has been no systematic review of key transmission parameters for TB. We carried out a systematic review of the published literature to identify studies estimating either of the two key TB transmission parameters: the serial interval (SI) and the reproductive number. We identified five publications that estimated the SI and 56 publications that estimated the reproductive number. The SI estimates from four studies were: 0.57, 1.42, 1.44 and 1.65 years; the fifth paper presented age-specific estimates ranging from 20 to 30 years (for infants <1 year old) to <5 years (for adults). The reproductive number estimates ranged from 0.24 in the Netherlands (during 1933–2007) to 4.3 in China in 2012. We found a limited number of publications and many high TB burden settings were not represented. Certain features of TB dynamics, such as slow transmission, complicated parameter estimation, require novel methods. Additional efforts to estimate these parameters for TB are needed so that we can monitor and evaluate interventions designed to achieve TB elimination.

Download Full-text

Systematic review of the evidence for sustained efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite or energy intake

Obesity Reviews ◽

10.1111/obr.12712 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1329-1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. C. G. Halford ◽

U. Masic ◽

C. F. M. Marsaux ◽

A. J. Jones ◽

A. Lluch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Sustained Efficacy

Download Full-text

Migraine and Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1658 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Parisa Gazerani

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Ketogenic Diets ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Definition Of ◽

Future Work

Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of disabling headaches, often accompanied by sensory and motor disturbances. Clinical manifestations of migraine are influenced by dietary behaviors and dietary elements. Several dietary triggers for migraine have been identified, leading to the definition of strategies such as elimination diets, ketogenic diets, and comprehensive diets, mainly to help prevent migraine. Although inconsistency is present in the literature and no consensus exists, the available data are promising in supporting beneficial dietary interventions for some migraine patients. Several factors influence the net outcome, including age, sex, genetics, and environmental factors. Advancement in understanding the underlying mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis and how dietary factors can interfere with those mechanisms has encouraged investigators to consider diet as a disease-modifying agent, which may also interfere with the gut–brain axis or the epigenetics of migraine. Future work holds potential for phenotyping migraine patients and offering personalized recommendations in line with biopsychosocial models for the management of migraine. Diet, as an important element of lifestyle, is a modifiable aspect that needs further attention. Well-designed, systematic, and mechanism-driven dietary research is needed to provide evidence-based dietary recommendations specific to migraine. This narrative review aims to present the current status and future perspective on diet and migraine, in order to stimulate further research and awareness.

Download Full-text

A systematic review of the effect of dietary interventions on cardiovascular disease risk in adults with spinal cord injury

Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine ◽

10.1080/10790268.2019.1592926 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priya Iyer ◽

Eleanor J. Beck ◽

Karen L. Walton

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Cord Injury

Download Full-text

Systematic review of textile-based electrodes for long-term and continuous surface electromyography recording

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517519858768 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 227-244

Author(s):

Li Guo ◽

Leif Sandsjö ◽

Max Ortiz-Catalan ◽

Mikael Skrifvars

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Myoelectric Activity ◽

Self Administration ◽

Smart Textile ◽

Textile Electrode ◽

Future Work

This systematic review concerns the use of smart textiles enabled applications based on myoelectric activity. Electromyography (EMG) is the technique for recording and evaluating electric signals related to muscle activity (myoelectric). EMG is a well-established technique that provides a wealth of information for clinical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Introducing sensor systems that allow for ubiquitous monitoring of health conditions using textile integrated solutions not only opens possibilities for ambulatory, long-term, and continuous health monitoring outside the hospital, but also for autonomous self-administration. Textile-based electrodes have demonstrated potential as a fully operational alternative to ‘standard’ Ag/AgCl electrodes for recording surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. As a substitute for Ag/AgCl electrodes fastened to the skin by taping or pre-gluing adhesive, textile-based electrodes have the advantages of being soft, flexible, and air permeable; thus, they have advantages in medicine and health monitoring, especially when self-administration, real-time, and long-term monitoring is required. Such advances have been achieved through various smart textile techniques; for instance, adding functions in textiles, including fibers, yarns, and fabrics, and various methods for incorporating functionality into textiles, such as knitting, weaving, embroidery, and coating. In this work, we reviewed articles from a textile perspective to provide an overview of sEMG applications enabled by smart textile strategies. The overview is based on a literature evaluation of 41 articles published in both peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings focusing on electrode materials, fabrication methods, construction, and sEMG applications. We introduce four textile integration levels to further describe the various textile electrode sEMG applications reported in the reviewed literature. We conclude with suggestions for future work along with recommendations for the reporting of essential benchmarking information in current and future textile electrode applications.

Download Full-text

Tracking Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection Across the Globe

EcoHealth ◽

10.1007/s10393-020-01504-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 270-279

Author(s):

Federico Castro Monzon ◽

Mark-Oliver Rödel ◽

Jonathan M. Jeschke

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Host Species ◽

Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

Amphibian Species ◽

Species Overlap ◽

The Usa

AbstractInfection records of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a pathogen that has devastated amphibian populations worldwide, have rapidly increased since the pathogen’s discovery. Dealing with so many records makes it difficult to (a) know where, when and in which species infections have been detected, (b) understand how widespread and pervasive Bd is and (c) prioritize study and management areas. We conducted a systematic review of papers and compiled a database with Bd infection records. Our dataset covers 71 amphibian families and 119 countries. The data revealed how widespread and adaptable Bd is, being able to infect over 50% of all tested amphibian species, with over 1000 confirmed host species and being present in 86 countries. The distribution of infected species is uneven among and within countries. Areas where the distributions of many infected species overlap are readily visible; these are regions where Bd likely develops well. Conversely, areas where the distributions of species that tested negative overlap, such as the Atlantic Coast in the USA, suggest the presence of Bd refuges. Finally, we report how the number of tested and infected species has changed through time, and provide a list of oldest detection records per country.

Download Full-text