Survey of Overwintering Trait in Chinese Rice Cultivars (Oryza Sativa L)

Abstract Overwintering (OW) rice can survive through the natural cold-winter field environment, exhibit a strong root system activity, sprout from rice tillering node in the following spring, and apparently reveal the cold resistance of rice during the whole growth stage. The successful utilization of cold-resistant rice is the most economical strategy for the cold-resistant rice cultivar breeding. This work aims to identify the OW rice for the future development of cold-resistant cultivars. Altogether 1034 Chinese rice cultivars were evaluated for their responses to low temperatures under the natural field cold-winter environment. The heading date (HD, d) and plant height (PH, cm) of 1034 rice cultivars ranged from 65 to 140 d in 2019, 65 to 150 d in 2020, ranged from 60 to 140 cm in 2019, 60 to 150 cm in 2020, and displayed slight difference between 2019 and 2020. Among them, altogether 262 (25.34%) Japonica rice cultivars could withstand cold to 4°C in December 2019 and distributed in 13 provinces of China, survive through the natural cold-winter field environment, and sprout from rice tillering node in March 2020. Only 24 (2.32%) japonica rice cultivars with resistance to 0°C in January 2021 distributed in seven provinces of China could also sprout from rice tillering node in March 2021. The present cold-resistant rice cultivars will provide beneficial breeding germplasm for future cold-resistant rice breeding and new strategies in elucidating the molecular mechanism of the cold resistance of rice.

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Genomic Regions Involved in Differences in Eating and Cooking Quality Other than Wx and Alk Genes between indica and japonica Rice Cultivars

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-020-00447-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kiyosumi Hori ◽

Keitaro Suzuki ◽

Haruka Ishikawa ◽

Yasunori Nonoue ◽

Kazufumi Nagata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Heading Date ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ◽

Chromosome Segments

Abstract Background In temperate rice cultivation regions, japonica rice cultivars are grown preferentially because consumers deem them to have good eating quality, whereas indica rice cultivars have high grain yields and strong heat tolerance but are considered to have poor eating quality. To mitigate the effects of global warming on rice production, it is important to develop novel rice cultivars with both desirable eating quality and resilience to high temperatures. Eating quality and agronomic traits were evaluated in a reciprocal set of chromosome segment substitution lines derived from crosses between a japonica rice cultivar ‘Koshihikari’ and an indica rice cultivar ‘Takanari’. Results We detected 112 QTLs for amylose and protein contents, whiteness, stickiness, hardness and eating quality of cooked rice grains. Almost of ‘Koshihikari’ chromosome segments consistently improved eating quality. Among detected QTLs, six QTLs on chromosomes 1–5 and 11 were detected that increased whiteness and stickiness of cooked grains or decreased their hardness for 3 years. The QTLs on chromosomes 2–4 were not associated with differences in amylose or protein contents. QTLs on chromosomes 1–5 did not coincide with QTLs for agronomic traits such as heading date, culm length, panicle length, spikelet fertility and grain yield. Genetic effects of the detected QTLs were confirmed in substitution lines carrying chromosome segments from five other indica cultivars in the ‘Koshihikari’ genetic background. Conclusion The detected QTLs were associated with differences in eating quality between indica and japonica rice cultivars. These QTLs appear to be widely distributed among indica cultivars and to be novel genetic factors for eating quality traits because their chromosome regions differed from those of the GBSSI (Wx) and SSIIa (Alk) genes. The detected QTLs would be very useful for improvement of eating quality of indica rice cultivars in breeding programs.

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Effect of high temperature on starch biosynthetic enzymes and starch structure in japonica rice cultivar ‘Akitakomachi’ (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm and palatability of cooked rice

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcs.2019.04.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 209-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kazunao Kato ◽

Yuta Suzuki ◽

Yuko Hosaka ◽

Ryuichi Takahashi ◽

Ikuko Kodama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

High Temperature ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Cooked Rice ◽

Starch Structure

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Starch Morphology and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal That the Effect of High Temperature on Cooked Rice Elongation and Expansion Varied in Indica and Japonica Rice Cultivars

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11122416 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2416

Author(s):

Nnaemeka Emmanuel Okpala ◽

Mouloumdema Pouwedeou Potcho ◽

Muhammad Imran ◽

Tianyue An ◽

Gegen Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Starch Granules ◽

Cooked Rice ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Badh2 Gene

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly grouped into indica and japonica varieties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on cooked rice elongation, cooked rice expansion, and rice fragrance. This study was conducted in three growth temperature chambers with indica cultivar Basmati 385 (B385) and japonica cultivar Yunjingyou (YJY). Grains of B385 grown in low-temperature regimes had the highest cooked rice elongation and expansion, whereas the grains of YJY grown in high-temperature regimes had the highest cooked rice elongation and expansion. Starch granules of B385 grown in low-temperature regimes were more compact and bigger, compared to grains grown in medium- and high-temperature regimes. Conversely, the starch granules of YJY grown in high-temperature regimes were more compact and bigger, compared to those grown in medium- and low-temperature regimes. Metabolomic analyses showed that temperature affected the rice metabolome and revealed that cyclohexanol could be responsible for the differences observed in cooked rice elongation and expansion percentage. However, in both B385 and YJY, grains from low-temperature regimes had the highest 2-AP content and the lowest expression levels of the badh2 gene. The findings of this study will be useful to rice breeders and producers.

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A large-scale analysis of seed natural aging revealed stronger aging resistance in weedy rice than coexisting cultivated rice for continuous 4 years across China

10.21203/rs.2.17773/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

weimin dai ◽

Yuan Wang ◽

Yu-Jie Zhang ◽

Xi-Xi Sun ◽

Jin-Ling Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Large Scale ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Aging Resistance

Abstract Increasing resistance to aging is conducive to seed storage and germination rate of crop. Meanwhile, the resistance to aging is one of the important adaptive mechanisms of weed to thrive in farmland. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) provide a unique pair demonstrating a weed and conspecific model crop that can be used to study the aging resistance of plants across a diverse geographical range. Chinese weedy rice derived from de-domestication of cultivated rice has rapidly risen to malignant weeds, though the hazard has only been reported for about 20 years. Whether weedy rice rapidly evolves higher seed aging resistance than cultivated rice during the process of dedomestication, which is conducive to its persistence in rice fields, is still unclear. In this experiment, the seeds of weed rice populations and their co-existing rice varieties were collected from 61 regions of China and germinated under normal and high temperatures for consecutive four years (2013–2016). Our study found that the aging resistance of weedy rice was higher than that of the co-existing rice cultivars, and weedy rice may have evolved a different aging resistance mechanism than rice cultivars and could be used as a germplasm resource to cultivate aging-resistant rice. The indica-type has strong aging resistance and no dormancy, while the japonica type has weak aging resistance and a little weak dormancy. Thus, by introducing indica-type aging-resistant alleles into japonica rice, cultivation of aging-resistant japonica rice could be possible.

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Identification of YAC clones containing the mutable slender glume locus slg in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g00-081 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Teraishi ◽

H Hirochika ◽

Y Okumoto ◽

A Horibata ◽

H Yamagata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Yeast Artificial Chromosome ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Artificial Chromosome ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Inverse Pcr ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Yac Contig

A mutable slender glume gene slg, which often reverts to the wild-type state, was induced by gamma-ray irradiation of seeds of the japonica rice cultivar 'Gimbozu'. The final goal was to understand whether the slender glume mutation was associated with the insertion of a transposable element, utilizing map-based cloning techniques. The RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis revealed that the slg locus was located between two RFLP loci, XNpb33 and R1440, on chromosome 7 with recombination values of 3.1% and 1.0%, respectively. Using these two RFLP loci as probes, five YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) clones containing either of these two loci were selected from a YAC library. Subsequently, both end fragments of these YAC clones, amplified by the inverse PCR (IPCR) method, were used to select new YAC clones more closely located to the slg locus. After repeating such a procedure, we successfully constructed a 6-cM YAC contig, and identified four overlapping YAC clones, Y1774, Y3356, Y5124, and Y5762, covering the slg locus. The chromosomal location of the slg was narrowed down to the region with a physical distance of less than 280 kb between the right-end fragments of Y1774 and Y3356.Key words: Oryza sativa, mutable gene, slender glume mutation, YAC contig.

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Characterization of QTLs and Candidate Genes for Days to Heading in Rice Recombinant Inbred Lines

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11090957 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 957 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Youngjun Mo ◽

Jong-Min Jeong ◽

Su-Kyung Ha ◽

Jinhee Kim ◽

Changmin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Heading Date ◽

Additive Effect ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Days To Heading ◽

Target Environment

Understanding the gene mechanisms controlling days to heading (DH) is important in rice breeding for adaption in the target environment. Using a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross between two japonica rice cultivars, Koshihikari and Baegilmi, we identified three consistent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for DH for two years, qDH3, qDH6, and qDH7 on chromosomes 3, 6, and 7, respectively. While Baegilmi contributed the allele for early heading at qDH6 and qDH7 with the additive effect of five days each, Koshihikari contributed the allele for early heading at qDH3 with the additive effect of three days. Notably, pyramiding two or more alleles for early heading at these QTLs accelerated heading effectively. Sequencing of Hd16, Hd1, and Ghd7, the previously known heading date genes underlying qDH3, qDH6, and qDH7, respectively, revealed that Baegilmi and Koshihikari carry different alleles at the three genes. Molecular markers were developed to screen the allelic compositions of the three genes among 295 Korean commercial rice cultivars. The results showed that few cultivars carry alleles for early heading at the three genes, highlighting that DH can be further accelerated and fine-tuned in breeding programs by combining the desirable alleles of Hd16, Hd1, and Ghd7.

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Effect of sowing date and harvest time on longevity of rice seeds

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258500003317 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 13-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. Kameswara Rao ◽

M. T. Jackson

Keyword(s):

Indica Rice ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Harvest Time ◽

The Third ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Germination Ability ◽

The Mean

AbstractChanges in germination ability and longevity were monitored during seed development in three japonica rice cultivars and one indica rice cultivar sown on three different dates, 14 October 1993, 24 November 1993 and 5 January 1994 at Los Baños, Philippines. Germinability of the seeds varied among cultivars in the early stages of development, but it was generally similar across sowing dates. The estimates of potential longevity (determined by storage at 40°C and 15% moisture and quantified by the values of the seed lot constant K1 of the viability equation) differed among cultivars and sowing dates. While the maximum potential longevity attained across different sowing dates was similar in the japonica cultivars Ju ku and Chianan 8, it was significantly higher in the first sowing than in the second or third sowings in cv. Akihikari. In the indica cultivar IR 58, maximum potential longevity attained in the second and third sowings was significantly greater than that in the first sowing. The mean potential longevity, averaged over cultivars and sowing dates, was marginally higher in the first sowing (K1=3.81) than in the second (3.65) and third (3.63); and averaged over cultivars and harvest times it was greatest at 34.8 days after flowering (DAF) in the first sowing, 31.8 DAF in the second and 28.3 DAF in the third. These results suggest that sowing in mid-October to allow seed ripening to coincide with the cooler and drier segment of the Los Baños dry season, and harvesting 35 DAF can improve the potential longevity of some japonica cultivars.

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Endodermal silicification in developing seminal roots of lowland and upland cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b99-043 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 77 (7) ◽

pp. 955-960 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alexander Lux ◽

Miroslava Luxová ◽

Shigenori Morita ◽

Jun Abe ◽

Shinobu Inanaga

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Environmental Scanning ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Silica Deposition ◽

X Ray ◽

Seminal Roots ◽

Scanning Electron

Silica deposition in two upland rice cultivars, IRAT 109 and Moroberekan, and one lowland rice cultivar, Koshihikari, were compared. X-ray microanalysis coupled with environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to examine fresh, unfixed, hydrated samples for analyses. The results showed silica deposition in seminal roots exclusively in endodermal cells. A clear basipetal increase in Si content was found in the endodermis of all cultivars. Comparison of silicification intensity between the three cultivars showed higher amounts of Si deposited in the endodermis of upland rice cultivars. This might be related to a higher drought resistance of these types of rice. In leaves, silica deposits were present in all epidermal cells with the highest concentration in silica cells. The amount of Si deposited in leaves was several times higher than in the root endodermis. No relationship between extent of leaf epidermal silicification was found when lowland and upland cultivars were compared.Key words: endodermis, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), rice, root, silica deposits, X-ray microanalysis.

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Partitioning of 13C-labelled photosynthate varies with growth stage andpanicle size in high-yielding rice

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp03177 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Pravat K. Mohapatra ◽

Yasuyuki Masamoto ◽

Satoshi Morita ◽

Junichi Takanashi ◽

Tsuneo Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Source Area ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Heavy Carbon ◽

Heavy Carbon Isotope ◽

Source Sink ◽

Developing Grains

A super-high-yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, Takanari, and a traditional japonica rice cultivar, Nakateshinsenbon, were grown under field conditions to compare partitioning of 13C-labelled photosynthate to different plant organs during the period of reproductive development. The flag leaf and the two leaves immediately below it on the main culm were exposed individually to 13CO2 and the movement of the heavy carbon isotope to grains, hull, panicle branches and vegetative parts of plant was assessed. Also, the effect of a reduction of sink size on the partitioning of 13C to different organs was studied by removing some of the primary branches of the panicle. 13C taken up by the three leaves in the post-heading period, moved mostly to the grains and hull of the panicle. At this stage, the uppermost three leaves and the panicle consisted of a single source–sink unit. Partitioning of 13C to the rest of the vegetative structures of the plant was minimal. In the case of Nakateshinsenbon, the flag leaf supplied most of the carbon assimilates for the grains and contributions from the other two leaves were much smaller. However, in Takanari, the contribution of 13C to grains from the second leaf was equivalent to that of the flag leaf. In Takanari, removal of more than one third of the primary branches of the panicle significantly reduced partitioning from the third leaf of the culm, but partitioning from the flag leaf was not significantly changed. In contrast, branch removal treatment significantly depressed transport of carbon assimilates from the flag leaf in Nakateshinsenbon. The obligatory nature of the source–sink relationship in rice is discussed. It is concluded that in lower-yielding traditional rice, photosynthesis in the flag leaf supplies carbon assimilates to the developing grains. But in the super-yielding rice Takanari, the main source area is extended to include the two leaves below the flag leaf so as to sustain an extra large panicle. Even greater grain-filling is possible in super-yielding rice, if the source area is increased further.

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