scholarly journals Determination of Genome Size Differentiation and Ploidy Levels in Some Citrus Rootstock Populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefa POLATÖZ ◽  
Murat Seker ◽  
Çağlar KAYA
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Abstract In plants, knowing the ploidy level of plant material used in breeding studies, and especially for biotechnology applications, carries great importance. The presence of a rapid variety of dynamics in citrus fruits allows their use as rootstock and varieties ensuring adaptability to various climate and soil conditions with different breeding methods. A variety of appropriate rootstocks are used for commercial citrus species. This study investigated the genome sizes and ploidy levels in citrus rootstocks commonly used around the world with flow cytometry in seedling populations. The study used Gou-Tou, C-35, Troyer Citrange, Taiwanica, Citremon, Yuzu, Sunki mandarin, Flying Dragon, Yuma Citrange, Macrophylla and Chinese orange rootstocks. Fresh leaf tissues were mixed with the triploid Tahiti lime leaf tissue, used as standard species, and cell nuclei were isolated. Cells stained with propidium iodide were read with flow cytometry and histograms and cytograms were obtained. According to the obtained results, all seedlings of species had diploid genome volumes. In terms of genome volume, there were differences found between species. Yuzu seedlings were determined to be the species with largest genome volume (0.808 pg/2C), while Flying Dragon trifoliate had smallest genome volume (0.700 pg/2C).

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry-Based Determination of Ploidy from Dried Leaf Specimens in Genomically Complex Collections of the Tropical Forage Grass Urochloa s. l.

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Paulina Tomaszewska ◽  
Till K. Pellny ◽  
Luis M. Hernández ◽  
Rowan A. C. Mitchell ◽  
Valheria Castiblanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Robust Identification ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Relative Differences

Urochloa (including Brachiaria, Megathyrus and some Panicum) tropical grasses are native to Africa and are now, after selection and breeding, planted worldwide, particularly in South America, as important forages with huge potential for further sustainable improvement and conservation of grasslands. We aimed to develop an optimized approach to determine ploidy of germplasm collection of this tropical forage grass group using dried leaf material, including approaches to collect, dry and preserve plant samples for flow cytometry analysis. Our methods enable robust identification of ploidy levels (coefficient of variation of G0/G1 peaks, CV, typically <5%). Ploidy of some 348 forage grass accessions (ploidy range from 2x to 9x), from international genetic resource collections, showing variation in basic chromosome numbers and reproduction modes (apomixis and sexual), were determined using our defined standard protocol. Two major Urochloa agamic complexes are used in the current breeding programs at CIAT and EMBRAPA: the ’brizantha’ and ’humidicola’ agamic complexes are variable, with multiple ploidy levels. Some U. brizantha accessions have odd level of ploidy (5x), and the relative differences in fluorescence values of the peak positions between adjacent cytotypes is reduced, thus more precise examination of this species is required. Ploidy measurement of U. humidicola revealed aneuploidy.

scholarly journals Application of Flow Cytometry for Rapid Determination of Ploidy Levels in Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

10.5109/24253 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Yukio Ozaki ◽  
Kumiko Narikiyo ◽  
Michikazu Hiramatsu ◽  
Kenji Ureshino ◽  
Hiroshi Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Ploidy Levels

Accumulation of germanium (Ge) in plant tissues of grasses is not solely driven by its incorporation in phytoliths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Kaiser ◽  
Christin Moschner ◽  
Oliver Wiche
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Dry Ashing ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Canary Grass

&lt;p&gt;Until recently it has been generally assumed that Ge taken up by plants is stored in phytoliths together with Si. This assumption is mostly based on the geochemical similarities between Ge and Si, while a scientific proof was lacking. The aim of the present study is to&amp;#160;i) compare&amp;#160;the uptake of Si and Ge in three grass species, ii) localize Ge and Si stored in above-ground plant parts and iii) evaluate the amounts of Ge and Si sequestrated in phytoliths and plant tissues. Mays (&lt;em&gt;Zea mays&lt;/em&gt;), oat (&lt;em&gt;Avana sativa&lt;/em&gt;) and reed canary grass (&lt;em&gt;Phalaris arundinacea&lt;/em&gt;) were cultivated in the greenhouse on soil and sand to control element supply. Leaf phytoliths were extracted by dry ashing. Total elemental composition of leaves, phytoliths, stems and roots were measured by ICP-MS. For the&amp;#160;localization of phytoliths and&amp;#160;the determination of Ge and Si within leaf tissues and phytoliths scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) was used. The amounts of Si and Ge taken up by the species corresponded with biomass formation and decreased in the order &lt;em&gt;Z. mays &lt;/em&gt;&gt;&lt;em&gt;P. arundinacea, A. sativa&lt;/em&gt;. Results from LA-ICP-MS revealed that Si was mostly localizedin phytoliths, while Ge was disorderly distributed within the leaf tissue. In fact, from the total amounts of Ge accumulated in leaves only 10% was present in phytoliths highlighting the role of organic Ge species in plant tissues and the necessity for using bulk Ge/Si instead of Ge/Si in phytoliths to trace biogeochemical cycling of Si. Moreover, our results represent important background data for the optimization of a phytomining of Ge.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Cytogenetic relationships within the Maghrebian clade of Festuca subgen. Schedonorus (Poaceae), using flow cytometry and FISH

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 052 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ezquerro-López ◽  
David Kopecký ◽  
Luis Á. Inda
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
New Information ◽  
Shed Light

Festuca subgen. Schedonorus is a group of broad-leaved fescues, which can be divided into two clades: European and Maghrebian. We employed fluorescent in situ hybridization —FISH— with probes specific for 5S and 35S ribosomal DNA and genome size estimation using flow cytometry to shed light on the determination of possible parental genomes of polyploid species of the Maghrebian clade. Our results indicate that octoploid F. arundinacea subsp. atlantigena probably originated from crossing of the tetraploids F. arundinacea subsp. fenas —2n = 4x = 28— and F. mairei —2n = 4x = 28— followed by whole genome duplication. However, a large reconstruction of karyotype and genome downsizing has been revealed. Similarly, hexaploid F. arundinacea subsp. corsica presumably resulted from the interspecific hybridization of the diploid F. pratensis and tetraploid F. arundinacea subsp. fenas. Several scenarios on the origin of decaploid F. arundinacea var. letourneuxiana are discussed. This study contributed to our knowledge on the phylogeny of broad-leaved fescues and provided new information on the karyotypes —chromosome numbers, ploidy levels and numbers and positions of rDNA loci— using FISH and genome size estimations using flow cytometry in selected taxa of this important grass genus.

scholarly journals Estimation of the relative DNA content in species of the genus Spiraea, sections Chamaedryon and Glomerati by flow cytometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
V. A. Kostikova ◽  
M. S. Voronkova ◽  
E. Yu. Mitrenina ◽  
A. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. S. Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Relative Dna Content

The relative DNA content was studied in seven species of the genus Spiraea L., section Chamaedryon Ser., and in two species, section Glomerati Nakai, from 28 natural populations growing in Asian Russia. The cell nuclei were isolated from a leaf tissue. The relative intensity of fluorescence was measured using flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained nuclei. The analysis was performed using a CyFlowSpace device (Germany, Sysmex Partec) with a laser radiation source of 532 nm. Fresh leaves of Solanum lycopersicum cv. ‘Stupice’ were used as an internal standard. Data on the relative DNA content are presented for the first time for S. flexuosa Fisch ex Cambess. (0.42–0.47 pg), S. ussuriensis Pojark. (0.49–0.52; 0.85 pg), S. alpina-Pall. (0.49–0.51 pg), S. media Schmidt. (0.45; 0.98–1.01 pg), S. trilobata L. (0.46 pg), S. hypericifolia L. (0.49–0.52 pg) and S. aquilegifolia Pall. (0.48–0.51 pg). Mesophytic species of the genus Spiraea growing in the forest zone (S. chamaedryfolia L. and S. media) exhibit a 2-fold higher relative DNA content (C-value) compared to xerophytic species (S. hypericifolia, S. crenata L., S. aquilegifolia and S. trilobata) and species confined only to mountain areas (S. alpinа, S. trilobata and S. aquilegifolia).

scholarly journals Ploidy level determination of Hedera (Araliaceae) with an emphasis on discussable species (Hedera hibernica)

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Fallah ◽  
Farrokh Ghahremaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Internal Reference Standard ◽  
Significant Difference

Genome size is a helpful tool for circumscribing taxa at diverse taxonomic degrees (mostly species) and resolving intricate low-level taxonomies. The correct genome size in Hedera (Araliaceae) has long been discussed, and the ploidy levels of some taxa are still unclear. Twelve accessions of Hedera were measured via flow cytometry. Flow cytometry is a relatively rapid, inexpensive, and credible tool. Fresh leaves of Hedera samples and internal reference standard parsley (Petroselinum crispum) were stained with propidium iodide (PI). Flow cytometry measurements showed that for the accessions of 2CV (3.09 - 6.40 pg), the lowest amount of nuclear DNA was 3.09 pg for Hedera crebrescens (So), while the highest amount was 6.40 pg for H. hibernica “Hamilton,” representing a statistically significant difference. According to this study, the new taxon (H. crebrescens) is a diploid, though this taxon was previously considered H. hibernica (tetraploid).

Screening for Ploidy Variation in Collections of Malus (Apple) Species by Flow Cytometry

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 483e-483
Author(s):  
Laura L. Benson ◽  
Nancy Wheeler ◽  
James R. McFerson
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Periclinal Chimera ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
The Core ◽  
In The Wild

Flow cytometry was used to determine the ploidy levels in three subsets of the apple germplasm collection held by the USDA–ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit. C-values ranging from diploid to pentaploid DNA content have been reported in the genus Malus, but cytogenetic information is often not available for specific trees. Diploid, triploid, and tetraploid clones were found in the core collection, a diverse group of Malus species and hybrids. Ploidy level may vary within and between Malus species in the wild. The progeny of 38 M. sieversii trees sampled from a natural population near Targabatai, Kazakstan were screened with flow cytometry. All the tested progeny had diploid C-values. Gigas characters such as larger leaves and fruit are sometimes associated with elevated ploidy levels. Ten elite scions of large-fruited M.sieversii were evaluated. All 10 had C-values in the diploid range. While flow cytometry of nuclei liberated from leaf tissue gave the expected DNA content for cultivars with previously known ploidy levels, this technique could not distinguish a known 2-2-4-4 periclinal chimera from diploid individuals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document