scholarly journals Is Healthcare AI Research Engaging Publics In Conversations About Ethics? Protocol For A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Kellie Frost ◽  
Rebecca Bosward ◽  
Yves Saint James Aquino ◽  
Annette Braunack-Mayer ◽  
Stacy M Carter
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Academic Search

Abstract Background: In recent years, innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of new healthcare AI (HCAI) technologies. Whilst some of these technologies show promise for improving the patient experience, ethicists have warned that AI can introduce and exacerbate harms and wrongs in healthcare. It is important that HCAI reflects the values that are important to people. However, involving patients and publics in substantive conversations about AI ethics remains challenging due to relatively limited awareness of HCAI technologies. This scoping review aims to map how the existing literature on publics’ attitudes toward HCAI addresses key issues in AI ethics and governance.Methods: We developed a search query to conduct a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete from January 2010 onwards. We will include primary research studies which document publics’ or patients’ attitudes toward HCAI. A coding framework has been designed and will be used capture qualitative and quantitative data from the articles. Two reviewers will code a proportion of the included articles and any discrepancies will be discussed amongst the team, with changes made to the coding framework accordingly. Final results will be reported quantitatively and qualitatively, examining how each AI ethics issue has been addressed by the included studies.Discussion: If HCAI is to be implemented ethically and legitimately, publics and patients must be included in important conversations about HCAI ethics. This review will explore how ethical issues are addressed in literature examining publics and patients’ attitudes toward HCAI. We aim to describe how publics and patients have been successfully consulted on HCAI ethics, and to identify any areas of HCAI ethics where more work is needed to include publics and patients in research and discussions.

scholarly journals Adults diagnosed with vestibular schwannomas and treated with stereotactic radiosurgery: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Almufarrij ◽  
◽  
Cathal Hannan ◽  
Simon Lloyd ◽  
Kevin J Munro
Keyword(s):  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Review Question ◽  
Study Designs

Review question / Objective: This review aims to catalogue and collate information on outcome measures, study designs, and dose-related changes in hearing following stereotactic radiosurgery for adults diagnosed with sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma. Study designs to be included: Any peer-reviewed primary research publications will be eligible for inclusion. Information sources: Electronic databases. The following databases will be systematically searched to identify relevant studies: PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, EMCare, Web of Science and Cochrane Library.

The concept of futility in health: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
pp. 147775092097710
Author(s):  
João Vítor da Silva Vieira ◽  
Sérgio Deodato ◽  
Felismina Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Introduction Due to the constant scientific and technological development, health professionals are regularly confronted with situations in which there are always therapeutic options, regardless of the severity of the patient’s condition. However, regarding these therapeutic options as feasible in all situations can be harmful, since it is universally accepted that, despite all advances in health, there are inevitable limits and the promotion of some interventions may be useless or futile. Objective To characterize the use of the concept of futility in the health literature. Method Review of the literature following the Scoping Review protocol of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research was performed in CINAHL, Cochrane, Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science to identify studies published prior to 2020. Nineteen studies were selected. Results There is no universally accepted definition for the concept of futility. In the literature there are different conceptions for the concept of futility that point to qualitative and quantitative roots and that are associated with ethical dilemmas that make it difficult to conceptualize this concept and make it operational in clinical practice. Conclusion The central elements of the concept of futility include: the diagnosis of futility is closely related to clinical judgment; futility has both quantitative and qualitative roots; futility is always appreciated posteriori; futility is related to the lack of benefit. It is essential to promote a discussion that enables the definition of the concept and that makes it possible to promote ethical principles in care, especially when the inevitable limits of treatments are reached.

scholarly journals Benefícios do uso do mel no tratamento do pé diabético: Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e956974663
Author(s):  
Isabel Dutra da Cruz ◽  
Daliane Soares Dantas Monteiro ◽  
Mikael de Araújo Silva ◽  
Bruno Oliveira Carreiro ◽  
Érico Gurgel Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Academic Search

O pé diabético pode ser compreendido como destruição de tecidos moles, infecção ou ulceração associada a alterações neurológicas e vasculares nos membros inferiores de portadores de diabetes mellitus (DM). É também uma das mais graves, dispendiosas e devastadoras complicações da DM, sendo as úlceras nos pés precursoras, em 85% dos casos, da amputação do membro inferior. Assim, o mel surge como uma alternativa de tratamento, sendo barato, com pouco risco de resistência bacteriana e amplamente disponível, fatores imprescindíveis para a continuidade do tratamento pelos pacientes. Este artigo é uma Scoping Rewiew que pretende descrever as evidências de forma a elucidar os benefícios do mel no tratamento do pé diabético. A pesquisa engloba estudos primários, revisões, metanálises e/ou metassínteses, livros e guidelines, teses e dissertações, publicados em fontes indexadas ou na literatura cinzenta publicados nas bases de dados: Scielo, LILACS, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL e Academic Search Premier, CAPS, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações USP, Busca Integrada USP. Na literatura revisada, foram encontrados 33 diferentes benefícios descritos para o uso do mel.  Dentre eles, destacam-se a maior taxa de cicatrização, propriedades antimicrobianas, anti-inflamatórias e desbridantes, entre outras. Portanto, os estudos analisados demonstraram uma grande variedade de benefícios, refletindo a complexidade de ação e a utilidade deste produto.

scholarly journals Recomendações propostas por gestores públicos para prevenção e controle da COVID-19 entre a população privada de liberdade: Protocolo de scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e2510917815
Author(s):  
Willie Otávio Bueno Bernardi ◽  
Melisane Regina Lima Ferreira ◽  
Nanci Michele Saita ◽  
Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade ◽  
Keila Diane Lima de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Academic Search

Este artigo apresenta o protocolo de uma Scoping Review que tem o objetivo de identificar as recomendações propostas pelos gestores públicos para prevenção e controle da Covid-19 entre a população privada de liberdade. A Scoping Review contemplará as seguintes etapas: identificação da questão de pesquisa; identificação de publicações relevantes; seleção de publicações; extração dos dados; análise e síntese das evidências. A questão de investigação foi formulada por meio do acrônimo PCC (população, conceito e contexto): “Quais recomendações vêm sendo propostas pelos gestores públicos para prevenção e controle da COVID-19 entre a população privada de liberdade do sistema prisional?”. Serão utilizados vocabulários controlados e livres para o levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados: EMBASE, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cinahl, Academic Search Premier, LILACS, Web of Science e Epistemonikos. Após as buscas, os dados serão exportados para o aplicativo Rayyan QCRI, por meio do qual será possível excluir as publicações em duplicidade e proceder à seleção das publicações por meio da leitura dos títulos e resumos por dois revisores independentes. Serão incluídas publicações que apresentem as recomendações propostas por gestores públicos da saúde, da justiça e/ou da segurança e instituições/organismos/agências nacionais e internacionais/ para a prevenção e o controle da COVID-19 entre as pessoas privadas de liberdade. Dar-se-á preferência para estudos experimentais e quase-experimentais, observacionais analíticos, séries de casos, relatos de casos individuais, estudos qualitativos, artigos de opinião, comentários e editoriais. As publicações incluídas serão submetidas a uma síntese narrativa após a extração de dados dos mesmos, a qual será conduzida por meio da utilização de um formulário específico.

scholarly journals Dificuldades da intubação submentoniana em pacientes com traumas faciais: Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e974998171
Author(s):  
Isabel Dutra da Cruz ◽  
Daliane Soares Dantas Monteiro ◽  
Mikael de Araújo Silva ◽  
Hécio Henrique Araújo de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Academic Search

A intubação submentoniana consiste em uma técnica de manutenção da via aérea que tem seu acesso cirúrgico situado na região submentual medial/paramedial, paralelamente à base da mandíbula. O seu principal objetivo é substituir a intubação nasotraqueal quando esta é contraindicada, surgindo como uma opção à traqueostomia, que seria o próximo passo nesses casos. Esse artigo é uma scoping review com o objetivo de descrever as evidências de forma a elucidar as dificuldades encontradas na intubação submentoniana no trauma facial. A estratégia de busca se deu nos bancos de dados SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL e Academic Search Premier (via plataforma EBSCO), Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações USP, Busca Integrada USP e banco de teses CAPES, considerando elegíveis estudos primários, revisões, metanálises e/ou metassínteses, livros e guidelines, teses e dissertações, publicados em fontes indexadas ou na literatura cinzenta e nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Na literatura revisada, foram encontrados 23 diferentes grupos de dificuldades relacionadas ao procedimento. Entre elas, destacam-se como as mais descritas os danos ao tubo endotraqueal e a dificuldade na passagem do tubo pela incisão submentoniana. Portanto, os estudos analisados demonstraram uma grande variedade de dificuldades relacionadas a vários aspectos intrinsecamente relacionados a realização do procedimento da intubação submentoniana.

The neuroethical future of wearable and mobile health technology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karola V. Kreitmair ◽  
Mildred K. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Health ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Mobile Health Technology ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Mobile Mental Health ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

Wearable and mobile health technology is becoming increasingly pervasive, both in professional healthcare settings and with individual consumers. This chapter delineates the various functionalities of this technology and identifies its different purposes. It then addresses the ethical challenges that this pervasiveness poses in the areas of accuracy and reliability of the technology, privacy and confidentiality of data, consent, and the democratization of healthcare. It also looks at mobile mental health apps as a case study to elucidate the discussion of ethical issues. Finally, the chapter turns to the question of how this technology and the associated “quantification of the self” affect traditional modes of epistemic access to and phenomenological conceptions of the self.

The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Control Complex

This book explores the intertwining domains of artificial intelligence (AI) and ethics—two highly divergent fields which at first seem to have nothing to do with one another. AI is a collection of computational methods for studying human knowledge, learning, and behavior, including by building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge—far from completely understood—that helps agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other AIs) decide how they and others should behave. Despite these differences, however, the rapid development in AI technology today has led to a growing number of ethical issues in a multitude of fields, ranging from disciplines as far-reaching as international human rights law to issues as intimate as personal identity and sexuality. In fact, the number and variety of topics in this volume illustrate the width, diversity of content, and at times exasperating vagueness of the boundaries of “AI Ethics” as a domain of inquiry. Within this discourse, the book points to the capacity of sociotechnical systems that utilize data-driven algorithms to classify, to make decisions, and to control complex systems. Given the wide-reaching and often intimate impact these AI systems have on daily human lives, this volume attempts to address the increasingly complicated relations between humanity and artificial intelligence. It considers not only how humanity must conduct themselves toward AI but also how AI must behave toward humanity.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence for good health: a scoping review of the ethics literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Murphy ◽  
Erica Di Ruggiero ◽  
Ross Upshur ◽  
Donald J. Willison ◽  
Neha Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Ethical Implications

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as the “fourth industrial revolution” with transformative and global implications, including in healthcare, public health, and global health. AI approaches hold promise for improving health systems worldwide, as well as individual and population health outcomes. While AI may have potential for advancing health equity within and between countries, we must consider the ethical implications of its deployment in order to mitigate its potential harms, particularly for the most vulnerable. This scoping review addresses the following question: What ethical issues have been identified in relation to AI in the field of health, including from a global health perspective? Methods Eight electronic databases were searched for peer reviewed and grey literature published before April 2018 using the concepts of health, ethics, and AI, and their related terms. Records were independently screened by two reviewers and were included if they reported on AI in relation to health and ethics and were written in the English language. Data was charted on a piloted data charting form, and a descriptive and thematic analysis was performed. Results Upon reviewing 12,722 articles, 103 met the predetermined inclusion criteria. The literature was primarily focused on the ethics of AI in health care, particularly on carer robots, diagnostics, and precision medicine, but was largely silent on ethics of AI in public and population health. The literature highlighted a number of common ethical concerns related to privacy, trust, accountability and responsibility, and bias. Largely missing from the literature was the ethics of AI in global health, particularly in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusions The ethical issues surrounding AI in the field of health are both vast and complex. While AI holds the potential to improve health and health systems, our analysis suggests that its introduction should be approached with cautious optimism. The dearth of literature on the ethics of AI within LMICs, as well as in public health, also points to a critical need for further research into the ethical implications of AI within both global and public health, to ensure that its development and implementation is ethical for everyone, everywhere.

Primary Crime Prevention Apps: A Typology and Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802098556
Author(s):  
Mark A. Wood ◽  
Stuart Ross ◽  
Diana Johns
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Meta Analyses

In the last decade, an array of smartphone apps have been designed to prevent crime, violence, and abuse. The evidence base of these apps has, however, yet to analyzed systematically. To rectify this, the aims of this review were (1) to establish the extent, range, and nature of research into smartphone apps with a primary crime prevention function; (2) to locate gaps in the primary crime prevention app literature; and (3) to develop a typology of primary crime prevention apps. Employing a scoping review methodology and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, studies were identified via Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. We included English-language research published between 2008 and 2020 that examined smartphone applications designed explicitly for primary crime prevention. Sixty-one publications met our criteria for review, out of an initial sample of 151 identified. Our review identified six types of crime prevention app examined in these publications: self-surveillance apps, decision aid apps, child-tracking apps, educational apps, crime-mapping/alert apps, and crime reporting apps. The findings of our review indicate that most of these forms of primary crime prevention apps have yet to be rigorously evaluated and many are not evidence-based in their design. Consequently, our review indicates that recent enthusiasm over primary crime prevention apps is not supported by an adequate evidence base.

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