Primary Crime Prevention Apps: A Typology and Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802098556
Author(s):  
Mark A. Wood ◽  
Stuart Ross ◽  
Diana Johns
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Meta Analyses

In the last decade, an array of smartphone apps have been designed to prevent crime, violence, and abuse. The evidence base of these apps has, however, yet to analyzed systematically. To rectify this, the aims of this review were (1) to establish the extent, range, and nature of research into smartphone apps with a primary crime prevention function; (2) to locate gaps in the primary crime prevention app literature; and (3) to develop a typology of primary crime prevention apps. Employing a scoping review methodology and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, studies were identified via Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. We included English-language research published between 2008 and 2020 that examined smartphone applications designed explicitly for primary crime prevention. Sixty-one publications met our criteria for review, out of an initial sample of 151 identified. Our review identified six types of crime prevention app examined in these publications: self-surveillance apps, decision aid apps, child-tracking apps, educational apps, crime-mapping/alert apps, and crime reporting apps. The findings of our review indicate that most of these forms of primary crime prevention apps have yet to be rigorously evaluated and many are not evidence-based in their design. Consequently, our review indicates that recent enthusiasm over primary crime prevention apps is not supported by an adequate evidence base.

scholarly journals Sensory-Based Priming for Upper Extremity Hemiparesis After Stroke: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 153944922110326
Author(s):  
Mary E. Stoykov ◽  
Courtney Heidle ◽  
Shamshir Kang ◽  
Lisa Lodesky ◽  
Lindsay E. Maccary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration

Sensory priming is a technique to facilitate neuroplasticity and improve motor skills after injury. Common sensory priming modalities include peripheral nerve stimulation/somatosensory electrical stimulation (PNS/SES), transient functional deafferentation (TFD), and vibration. The aim of this study was to determine whether sensory priming with a motor intervention results in improved upper limb motor impairment or function after stroke. PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and EMBASE were the databases used to search the literature in July 2020. This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and recommendations for the Cochrane collaboration. In total, 30 studies were included in the analysis: three studies examined TFD, 16 examined PNS/SES, 10 studied vibration, and one combined the three stimulation techniques. Most studies reported significant improvements for participants receiving sensory priming. Given the low risk, it may be advantageous to use sensory-based priming prior to or concurrent with upper limb training after stroke.

scholarly journals Problemas de coagulação em adultos com síndroma respiratório agudo grave devido a infeção por coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): uma revisão abrangente

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-434
Author(s):  
Susana Pereira Costa ◽  
◽  
Inês Lopes Antunes ◽  
Ana Margarida Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objetivos: Resumir as informações publicadas acerca dos problemas de coagulação em adultos com SARS-CoV-2, incluindo características, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e resposta ao uso profilático ou terapêutico de anticoagulantes ou antiagregantes plaquetários. Métodos: Realizada uma revisão abrangente, de acordo com as guidelines Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines on Scoping Reviews e Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). Efetuada pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE®, SciELO® e Web of Science® entre 1 e 2 de maio de 2020. A seleção dos artigos foi dividida em etapas sequenciais considerando: título, resumo e artigo integral. Em cada etapa os artigos foram aceites ou rejeitados tendo em conta os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foi feito o mapeamento dos dados e a evidência relevante foi sumarizada. Resultados: Após seleção obtiveram-se 106 artigos. Destes, 36 correspondiam a cartas, 28 a estudos originais, 25 a revisões e 14 a relatos de caso; uma meta-análise, um comentário e um consenso também foram incluídos. Os resultados mostraram associação entre COVID-19 e complicações trombóticas, embora com diferentes tipos de eventos e taxas de frequência. A tríade inflamação, disfunção endotelial e coagulopatia parecem estar subjacentes às alterações fisiopatológicas. As técnicas laboratoriais e de imagem podem ser úteis para uma intervenção adequada. A profilaxia com anticoagulantes parentéricos, preferencialmente heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) em dose intermédia, entre as comummente utilizadas para profilaxia ou tratamento, está indicada em pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente com doença grave. Deve ser mantida por um período variável após a alta, dependendo do doente. A anticoagulação terapêutica parece não diferir de outras situações previamente conhecidas. Conclusões: Várias incertezas persistem na abordagem dos problemas da coagulação em pacientes com infeção por SARS-CoV-2. As informações existentes dizem respeito principalmente ao contexto hospitalar e têm origem em fontes pouco robustas. Assim, são necessários ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e controlados para sustentar as decisões clínicas em todos os estadios.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
T Jordan Walter ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
Jared W Young ◽  
Mark A Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Doses

Abstract Background Older adults (≥50 years) represent the fastest-growing population of people who use cannabis, potentially due to the increasing promotion of cannabis as medicine by dispensaries and cannabis websites. Given healthy aging and cannabis use are both associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognition in healthy aging. Objective This systematic scoping review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research. Method A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results. Results Six articles reported findings for older populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research in this area. Human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Better-controlled rodent studies indicate that the relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in healthy aging depends on age and level of THC exposure. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognition in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses improved cognition in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition. Conclusions This systematic scoping review provides crucial, timely direction for future research on this emerging issue. Future research that combines neuroimaging and cognitive assessment would serve to advance understanding of the effects of age and quantity of THC and CBD on cognition in healthy aging.

Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Jessica Salley ◽  
Libby Crook ◽  
Angela Ciccia ◽  
Juliet Haarbauer-Krupa ◽  
Jennifer P. Lundine
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractTo review the evidence available on early childhood (i.e., 0–5 years 11 months) traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify clinical implications and future directions for speech-language pathology (SLP) practice and research, a scoping review of the literature was conducted following the 2018 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRSIMA-ScR) guidelines. A total of 44 peer-reviewed articles were included for review. Included studies were assigned one or more of the following thematic labels related to early childhood TBI: etiology, assessment, treatment, outcomes, contributing factors. Most of the studies were nonexperimental studies and addressed outcomes following early childhood TBI. We conclude, based on this scoping review, that children who experience a TBI before 6 years of age are at risk for persistent long-term difficulties in academic and social functioning. SLPs are among the group of clinicians most appropriate to assess and treat these children; yet, the evidence for assessment, treatment, and identification of factors contributing to the recovery of young children with TBI is particularly lacking. Rigorous research is needed to improve the evidence base for SLPs.

Assessing risk of neurodevelopmental disorders after birth with oxytocin: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole N. Lønfeldt ◽  
Frank C. Verhulst ◽  
Katrine Strandberg-Larsen ◽  
Kerstin J. Plessen ◽  
Eli R. Lebowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
English Language ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Risk Estimate ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractExperts have raised concerns that oxytocin for labor induction and augmentation may have detrimental effects on the neurodevelopment of children. To investigate whether there is the reason for concern, we reviewed and evaluated the available evidence by searching databases with no language or date restrictions up to 9 September 2018. We included English-language studies reporting results on the association between perinatal oxytocin exposure and any cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms or disorders in childhood. We assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales. Independent risk estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses when at least two independent datasets provided data on the same symptom or disorder. Otherwise, we provided narrative summaries. Two studies examined cognitive impairment, one examined problem behavior, three examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and seven focused on autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We provided narrative summaries of the studies on cognitive impairment. For ADHD, the pooled risk estimate was 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–1.78, based on a pooled sample size of 5 47 278 offspring. For ASD, the pooled risk estimate was 1.10; 95% CI 1.04–1.17, based on 8 87 470 offspring. Conclusions that perinatal oxytocin increases the risks of neurodevelopmental problems are premature. Observational studies of low to high quality comprise the evidence-base, and confounding, especially by the genetic or environmental vulnerability, remains an issue. Current evidence is insufficient to justify modifying obstetric guidelines for the use of oxytocin, which state that it should only be used when clinically indicated.

scholarly journals Factors contributing to practitioner choice when declining involvement in legally available care: A scoping protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023901
Author(s):  
Janine Brown ◽  
Donna Goodridge ◽  
Lilian Thorpe ◽  
Mary Chipanshi
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionAs legislation addressing medical treatments continues to evolve, there are several circumstances (eg, abortion, assisted dying) in which health practitioners may choose to not provide legally available care options. It is not always clear what underlies practitioner choice, as some research has suggested non-participation in care provision is not always due to an ethical abstention but may represent other factors. This results in tension between a practitioner’s right to refrain from practices deemed morally objectionable by the practitioner, and the care recipient’s right to access legally available treatments. The aim of this systematic scoping review is to identify the current knowledge regarding all the factors influencing practitioner’s choices when declining involvement in legally available healthcare options.Methods and analysisArksey and O’Malley’s scoping framework in concert with Levacet al’s enhancements will guide the systematic scoping review methodological processes. English language documents from 1 January 1998 to current will be sought using Medline, CINAHL, JSTOR, EMBASE, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, PsychINFO and Sociological Abstracts. MeSH headings, keywords and synonyms will be adjusted using an iterative search process. Theses and dissertations will be included in the search protocol; however, other grey literature will be accessed only as required. Two research team members will screen the abstracts and full articles against inclusion criteria. Article information will be extracted via a data collection tool and undergo thematic analysis. Descriptive summary (visual summary and study contextual information) and a presentation of analytical themes will align findings back to the research question.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be used to support transparency and guide translation of findings. Findings will be disseminated through professional networks, in peer-reviewed journals and conferences via abstract and presentation.

scholarly journals Return-to-Sport Criteria After Upper Extremity Surgery in Athletes—A Scoping Review, Part 2: Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow Procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712110218
Author(s):  
Rebecca Griffith ◽  
Ioanna K. Bolia ◽  
Nickolas Fretes ◽  
Iain R. Murray ◽  
John Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: There is a lack of consensus to guide patient return to sport (RTS) after elbow ulnar collateral ligament surgery (eUCLS). Purpose: To describe the reported RTS criteria after eUCLS in the athletic population. Study Design: Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This scoping review was performed by adhering to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses–Scoping Review) guidelines. We searched 5 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Google Scholar Advanced) and the gray literature for English-language studies that reported at least 1 RTS criterion in athletes after eUCLS. Data were extracted and summarized as frequencies or arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Results: Included were 14 studies and 1335 athletes with a mean age of 21.4 ± 1.1 years. Time from surgery (range, 6-16 months) was the most common RTS criterion used, and it was reported by all 14 of the included articles. RTS criteria reported less often were pain (3/14; 21%), successful completion of a throwing program (3/14; 21%), muscle strength of the forearm muscles (1/14; 7%), and “normal” range of motion and muscle strength of the elbow and shoulder joints on the operated upper extremity (1/14; 7%). All studies used 1 to 5 of the above RTS criteria. Conclusion: Only 14 studies reported 1 or more RTS criteria after eUCLS in athletes, and time was the most common RTS criterion used. Our results highlight the need for a coordinated effort among surgeons, physical therapists, and athletic trainers in order to establish evidence-based RTS criteria after eUCLS in athletes so athletes can safely to sport and prolong their athletic careers.

scholarly journals Web of Science and Scopus are not global databases of knowledge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Tennant
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Global Databases ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Critical Components

Both Web of Science and Scopus are critical components of our research ecosystem, providing the basis for university and global rankings, as well as for bibliometric research. However, both are structurally biased against research produced in non-western countries, non-English language research, and research from the arts, humanities and social sciences. This viewpoint emphasises the damage that these systematic inequities pose upon our global knowledge production systems, and the need to research funders to unite to form a more globally-representative, non-profit, community-controlled infrastructure for our global research knowledge pool.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in geriatric oncology.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21517-e21517
Author(s):  
Marek S. Poniewierski ◽  
Gary H. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
English Language ◽  
Geriatric Oncology ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Meta Analyses

e21517 Background: Cancer incidence for most malignancies increases with age with the majority diagnosed after age 65. Aging is also associated with an increasing number of major comorbidities and greater risk and consequences of treatment-related complications. Geriatric Oncology has emerged as a subdiscipline within oncology focused on clinical management and research related to the elderly. Methods: A comprehensive search of the English language literature between 1990-2016 was undertaken for systematic reviews or meta-analyses (SRMAs) related to geriatric oncology. Titles, abstracts and full text manuscripts when needed were reviewed. 1,088 potentially eligible records were identified including 703 not limited to elderly patients, 89 not cancer studies and 236 not SRMAs. Results:More than half of 61 eligible studies were published in the last five years including systematic reviews in 42 (69%), meta-analyses in 42 (69%) and both in 23 (40%). Studies came from Europe (30), US (14), Canada (9), Asia (7) and South America (1) with elderly age cutoffs ranging from > 60 to > 80. While 17 reviews included multiple cancer types, 44 were limited to lung cancer (9), colorectal cancer (8), breast cancer (7), multiple myeloma (5) and lymphoma (4). Research focus was survivorship or end-of-life (41), treatment (24), geriatric assessment (11) and supportive care (8). Studies were limited to randomized controlled trials (37), non-RCTs (9) and both (16). The primary outcome was overall survival (39), progression free or relapse-free survival (15), response or recurrence (11), treatment-related toxicity (21) and geriatric assessment or frailty (9). More than half of SRMAs included < 10 studies while 20% included > 30 with the number of subjects in included trials ranging from 153 to > 15,000. Conclusions: The development of Geriatric Oncology has spanned nearly three decades. While a strong evidence base of published research including rigorous SRMAs in Geriatric Oncology has only emerged over the past decade, steady growth across a range of topics and outcomes relevant to cancer in the elderly is apparent.

scholarly journals Implementation of health-focused interventions in vulnerable populations: protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036937
Author(s):  
Amanda M Midboe ◽  
Caroline Gray ◽  
Hannah Cheng ◽  
Leonore Okwara ◽  
Randall C Gale
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionVulnerable populations face significant challenges in navigating the care continuum, ranging from diagnosis of illness to linkage and retention in healthcare. Understanding how best to move individuals within these vulnerable populations across the care continuum is critical to improving their health. A large body of literature has focused on evaluation of implementation of various health-focused interventions in this population. However, we do not fully understand the unique challenges to implementing healthcare interventions for vulnerable populations. This study aims to examine the literature describing implementation of health service interventions among vulnerable populations to identify how implementations using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research are adapted. Findings from this review will be useful to implementation scientists to identify gaps in evidence and for adapting similar interventions in unique settings.Methods and analysisThis study protocol outlines a scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature, using established approaches delineated in Arksey and O'Malley’s scoping review framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. Search strategies will be developed and refined by a medical librarian in collaboration with the research team. Searches will be conducted in electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, PsychINFO, PubMed, Social Services Abstracts, Web of Science, Google and Google Scholar) and limited to studies published between 1 August 2009 and 1 June 2020. Additionally, hand searches will be conducted in three relevant journals—Implementation Science, Systematic Reviews and BMJ Open. English-language studies and reports meeting inclusion criteria will be screened independently by two reviewers and the final list will be abstracted and charted in duplicate.Ethics and disseminationThis is a review of the literature; ethics approval is not indicated. We will disseminate findings from this study in peer-reviewed journals as well as presentations to relevant stakeholders and conferences.

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