Energy Transfer and Fabry-Perot Oscillation: A New Paradigm for Electrically Driven Laser in Quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Microplates Film

Abstract Recently emerged metal-halide hybrid perovskite (MHP) possesses superb optoelectronic features, which have great attention in solid-state lighting, photodetection, and photovoltaic applications. Because of its excellent external quantum efficiency, MHP acquires enormous potential for manifestation of ultra-low threshold optically pumped laser. However, demonstration of electrical-driven laser remains a challenge because of vulnerable degradation of perovskite, limited exciton binding energy, and intensity quenching and efficiency drop by non-radiative recombinations. In this work, we observed an ultralow-threshold (~ 18 nJcm−2) optically pumped Fabry-Perot (F-P) laser from moisture insensitive mixed dimensional quasi-2D Rudlesden-Popper phase perovskite (RPP) microplates. Unprecedently, we demonstrated electrical-driven F-P laser with threshold ~ 0.15 Acm−2 from quasi-2D RPP by judicious combination of perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL) having suitable band alignment and thickness. Additionally, we showed tunibility of lasing modes by driving external electrical potential. Ultralow-threshold lasing is mainly ascribed by existence of F-P feedback resonance inside RPP microplate, and selective resonance energy transfer mechanism in-between microplates. Performing the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, we confirmed the presence of F-P feedback resonance, and light trapping effect at perovskite/ETL contributing to laser action. Our discovery of electrical-driven laser from MHP opens an alternative avenue in developing optoelectronics.

Download Full-text

Solid-State Solar Cells Based on TiO2 Nanowires and CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11040404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 404

Author(s):

Abdul Sami ◽

Arsalan Ansari ◽

Muhammad Dawood Idrees ◽

Muhammad Musharraf Alam ◽

Junaid Imtiaz

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Solid State ◽

Light Trapping ◽

Active Material ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

Tio2 Nanowires

Perovskite inorganic-organic solar cells are fabricated as a sandwich structure of mesostructured TiO2 as electron transport layer (ETL), CH3NH3PbI3 as active material layer (AML), and Spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer (HTL). The crystallinity, structural morphology, and thickness of TiO2 layer play a crucial role to improve the overall device performance. The randomly distributed one dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanowires (TNWs) provide excellent light trapping with open voids for active filling of visible light absorber compared to bulk TiO2. Solid-state photovoltaic devices based on randomly distributed TNWs and CH3NH3PbI3 are fabricated with high open circuit voltage Voc of 0.91 V, with conversion efficiency (CE) of 7.4%. Mott-Schottky analysis leads to very high built-in potential (Vbi) ranging from 0.89 to 0.96 V which indicate that there is no depletion layer voltage modulation in the perovskite solar cells fabricated with TNWs of different lengths. Moreover, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis revealed larger fraction of photo-generated charges due to light trapping and distribution due to field convergence via guided modes, and improved light trapping capability at the interface of TNWs/CH3NH3PbI3 compared to bulk TiO2.

Download Full-text

Chalcogenide As Inorganic Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cell

10.21203/rs.3.rs-399307/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Atul kumar

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Fill Factor ◽

Perovskite Solar Cell ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Band Alignment ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

Band Offset ◽

Primary Concern ◽

Earth Abundant

Abstract Fill factor (FF) deficit and stability is a primary concern with the perovskite solar cell. Resistance values and band alignment at junction interface in perovskite are causing low fill factor. Moisture sensitivity of methylammonium lead halide perovskite is causing a stability issue. We tried to solve these issues by using inorganic hole transport layer (HTL). FF is sensitive to the band offset values. We study the band alignment/band offset effect at the Perovskite /HTL junction. Inorganic material replacing Spiro-MeOTAD can enhance the stability of the device by providing an insulation from ambient. Our simulation study shows that the earth abundant p-type chalcogenide materials of SnS as HTL in perovskite is comparable to Spiro-MeOTAD efficiency.

Download Full-text

Improvement of Quantum Dot Light Emitting Device Characteristics by CdSe/ZnS Blended with HMDS (Hexamethyldisilazane)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10176081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 6081

Author(s):

Junekyun Park ◽

Eunkyu Shin ◽

Jongwoo Park ◽

Yonghan Roh

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dot ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Surface Defects ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Light Emitting ◽

X Ray

We demonstrated the way to improve the characteristics of quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) by adding a simple step to the conventional fabrication process. For instance, we can effectively deactivate the surface defects of quantum dot (QD) (e.g., CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs in the current work) with the SiO bonds by simply mixing QDs with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) under atmospheric conditions. We observed the substantial improvement of device characteristics such that the current efficiency, the maximum luminance, and the QD lifetime were improved by 1.7–1.8 times, 15–18%, and nine times, respectively, by employing this process. Based on the experimental data (e.g., energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)), we estimated that the growth of the SiOx on the surface of QDs is self-limited: the SiOx are effective to passivate the surface defects of QDs without deteriorating the intrinsic properties including the color-purity of QDs. Second, we proposed that the emission profiling study can lead us to the fundamental understanding of charge flow in each layer of QD-LEDs. Interestingly enough, many problems related to the charge-imbalance phenomenon were simply solved by selecting the combination of thicknesses of the hole transport layer (HTL) and the electron transport layer (ETL).

Download Full-text

Interface engineering using a perovskite derivative phase for efficient and stable CsPbBr3 solar cells

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c8ta03811b ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (29) ◽

pp. 14255-14261 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Huan Li ◽

Guoqing Tong ◽

Taotao Chen ◽

Hanwen Zhu ◽

Guopeng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Electron Transport ◽

Energy Barrier ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

Interface Engineering ◽

Interface Defects

A derivative-phase CsPb2Br5 is introduced into inorganic perovskite solar cells, which will effectively eliminate interface defects, lower the energy barrier of electron transport layer and suppress the recombination at the interface of hole transport layer in the devices.

Download Full-text

High luminance of CuInS2-based yellow quantum dot light emitting diodes fabricated by all-solution processing

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra14241a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (76) ◽

pp. 72462-72470 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jingling Li ◽

Hu Jin ◽

Kelai Wang ◽

Dehui Xie ◽

Dehua Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transport ◽

Quantum Dot ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

High Luminance ◽

Light Emitting

In this work, all-solution processed, multi-layer yellow QLEDs, consisting of a hole transport layer of poly(9-vinylcarbazole), emissive layer of ligand exchanged CuInS2/ZnS QDs, and electron transport layer of ZnO nanoparticles, are fabricated.

Download Full-text

Degradation of Bilayer Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Studied by Impedance Spectroscopy

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2016.12306 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 3368-3372 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shuri Sato ◽

Masashi Takata ◽

Makoto Takada ◽

Hiroyoshi Naito

Keyword(s):

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Device Simulation ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Organic Light

The degradation of bilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a device structure of N, N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N, N′-diphenylbenzidine (α-NPD) (hole transport layer) and tris-(8-hydroxyquinolate)aluminum (Alq3) (emissive layer and electron transport layer) has been studied by impedance spectroscopy and device simulation. Two modulus peaks are found in the modulus spectra of the OLEDs below the electroluminescence threshold. After aging of the OLEDs, the intensity of electroluminescence is degraded and the modulus peak due to the Alq3 layer is shifted to lower frequency, indicating that the resistance of the Alq3 layer is increased. Device simulation reveals that the increase in the resistance of the Alq3 layer is due to the decrease in the electron mobility in the Alq3 layer.

Download Full-text

Application of MXenes in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Short Review

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11082151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2151

Author(s):

Syed Shah ◽

Muhammad Sayyad ◽

Karim Khan ◽

Jinghua Sun ◽

Zhongyi Guo

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Carrier Mobility ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Short Review ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

Superior Mechanical Properties

Application of MXene materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted considerable attention owing to their supreme electrical conductivity, excellent carrier mobility, adjustable surface functional groups, excellent transparency and superior mechanical properties. This article reviews the progress made so far in using Ti3C2Tx MXene materials in the building blocks of perovskite solar cells such as electrodes, hole transport layer (HTL), electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite photoactive layer. Moreover, we provide an outlook on the exciting opportunities this recently developed field offers, and the challenges faced in effectively incorporating MXene materials in the building blocks of PSCs for better operational stability and enhanced performance.

Download Full-text

Simulation studies on the electron transport layer based perovskite solar cell to achieve high photovoltaic efficiency

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2083 (2) ◽

pp. 022011

Author(s):

Rui Huang ◽

Jiyu Tang

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Electron Transport ◽

Cupric Oxide ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

Simulation Studies ◽

Photo Voltaic

Abstract Perovskite solar cells have attracted the attention of the researchers in the last couple of years as a potential photovoltaic device. However, the use of expensive hole transport materials (HTM) in these devices often restricts their commercial adaptability. Thus exploring cost-effective, efficient HTL and ETL materials remain an important challenge to the researchers. In this work, simulation studies are carried out considering cupric oxide (CuO), a relatively inexpensive material as hole transport materials for planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. The photo-voltaic performance of CuO based hole transport layer (HTL) has been estimated in combination with several electron transport materials (ETM) that include TiO2,SnO2,ZnO, CdS, ZnSe,PCBM and Cd1-xZnxS. Studies predict that among these materials, the Cd1-xZnxS electron transport layer (ETL) could be the most promising to result high photo-voltaic efficiency in combination to CuO based HTL. Also, the thickness and optical band gap of perovskite absorber are optimized in order to achieve maximum photo-voltaic efficiency. The cell efficiency of FTO / Cd1-xZnxS/CH3NH3PbI3/CuO/carbon structure is predicted 25.24% under optimized operational conditions with Voc, Jsc and Fill Factor of 1.1eV,26.32mA/cm2 and 87.14% respectively.

Download Full-text

Simulation of the Electrical Parameters of Organic Photovoltaic Cells under QUCS and GPVDM Software

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS ◽

10.37394/23201.2020.19.22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Electron Transport ◽

Organic Solar Cells ◽

Ideality Factor ◽

Interface Layer ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

Shunt Resistance

Polymer solar cells have attracted much attention during the last years due to their lowerfabrication cost and possibility of using flexible substrates. Various parameters contribute to the stability of theperformances of organic solar cells: the configuration or the structure of the cells, the materials used in theirelaboration such as the active layer, the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer and the electrodecontact. This work represents the modelling and simulation of organic solar cells using two software: QuiteUniversal Circuit Simulator, QUCS and General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model, GPVDM. First, anequivalent circuit model constituted from one diode, a series and shunt resistance, and a photocurrent generatorhave been used, this circuit is simulated under QUCS. The simulated results as function of different parameterssuch as series resistance, temperature of the cell, the ideality factor and current saturation are given. Thecurrent density as function of voltage J-V characteristics of the organic cell obtained from the experimentalresults are compared to the simulated one, results show that the curve with Rs=10Ω correspond to theexperimental one, the ideality factor obtained by simulation of the organic cell is 1.2, which corresponds torecombination assisted by the traps levels. Second, we discuss the different structures of organic solar cells andthe role of the interface layer used as hole transport layer or electron transport layer. The effect of the thicknessand the type of the interfacial layers is simulated under GPVDM. The best efficiency is obtained in the case ofcell using aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as electron transport layer and copper oxide (Cu2O) as holetransport layer. The optimized cell is of the type: ITO/AZO (40 nm)/P3HT:PCBM (200 nm)/Cu2O (20 nm)/Ag,with a best power conversion efficiency of 5%.

Download Full-text

The Way to Pursue Truly High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9091269 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1269 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wu ◽

Thakur ◽

Chiang ◽

Chandel ◽

Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Hot Electrons ◽

Electron Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer ◽

Hot Carriers ◽

Potential Loss

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction solar cells was theoretically predicted to be limited by the Shockley–Queisser limit due to the intrinsic potential loss of the photo-excited electrons in the light absorbing materials. Up to now, the optimized GaAs solar cell has the highest PCE of 29.1%, which is close to the theoretical limit of ~33%. To pursue the perfect photovoltaic performance, it is necessary to extend the lifetimes of the photo-excited carriers (hot electrons and hot holes) and to collect the hot carriers without potential loss. Thanks to the long-lived hot carriers in perovskite crystal materials, it is possible to completely convert the photon energy to electrical power when the hot electrons and hot holes can freely transport in the quantized energy levels of the electron transport layer and hole transport layer, respectively. In order to achieve the ideal PCE, the interactions between photo-excited carriers and phonons in perovskite solar cells has to be completely understood.

Download Full-text