scholarly journals The Electronic Waste Management Crisis- A Situation Analysis of Zambia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAIZY SHOMA NALWAMBA
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Environmental Institutions ◽  
Method Approach

Abstract Globally, the technological era has seemingly increased the environmental burden of many Low income countries in the management of electronic waste. An increase in the use of electrical and electronic equipment potentially relates to an increase in e-waste in the environment. Poorly managed ewaste degrades the environment in various ways such as through percolation of toxicants into the soils and leaching into aquatic systems. As Zambia steadily develops, the use of EEEs is a major threat in the increased amounts of e-waste thus placing more demand on environmental institutions as well as wellestablished and sustainable e-waste management systems. Environmental issues are complex and diverse, in this view; waste management is an integral part of a sustainable environment thus making effective electronic waste management categorically fundamental. This study employed a mixed method approach (concurrent nested) to assess the effectiveness of electronic waste management facilities in Lusaka. In this study, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used so as to select the participants by use of questionnaires and interviews. This study showed that in Zambia, e-waste has not been given the same attention as other waste types. The knowledge base of electrical and electronic equipment users is very shallow as this study indicated that most EEE consumers have little or no knowledge of the toxic components of electronic waste. Further, available environmental institutions do not currently have the capacity to quantify e-waste that is generated in the country. Moreover, the e-waste that is appropriately disposed of is exported to neighboring countries recycling. The study concluded that Zambia lacks the needed expertise and facilities to adequately handle e-waste. However, information obtained from EEE users and e-waste generators clearly indicated that inasmuch as there could be efforts by environmental institutions to manage e-waste, there hasn’t been local authority effort to specifically handle e-waste or rather sensitize the users of EEEs on e-waste issues. The study thus recommended the following; creation of e-waste black market, further Studies, Laws to prohibit dumping of e-waste, Promotion of E-waste education amongst EEE users, Promotion of E-waste education amongst EEE users, Repurpose old devices before purchasing new ones.

scholarly journals Raising Awareness on Solid Waste Management through Formal Education for Sustainability: A Developing Countries Evidence Review

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice Kofi Debrah ◽  
Diogo Guedes Vidal ◽  
Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Low Income Countries

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a multifaceted problem comprising political, socioeconomic, institutional, and environmental aspects. Due to exponential urban growth, it has become one of the most significant issues faced by urban spaces in developing countries. The gap in environmental knowledge among the youth and the old within developing countries contribute to ecological issues or waste management problems, resulting in unsustainable development, with important consequences in low-income countries. For that matter, a systematic review was conducted aiming to identify and analyse environmental knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and practice studies on SWM from 2010 to 2019 in developing countries. The evidence suggests that students at both secondary and tertiary levels have positive environmental attitudes, and high awareness of environmental issues, but there is a lack of practical education of teachers to guide students to put SWM into practice. Student’s low environmental knowledge is related to a deficiency in teachers’ practical experience in SWM for environmental sustainability. A relationship between teachers’ and students’ knowledge and attitudes towards SWM, as well as differences in awareness, attitude, and practices of SWM linked with education and age, were also found. This review also revealed that the lack of environmental education in most developing countries is caused by fragilities in practical environmental curricula of teachers to respond to modern-day environmental issues for sustainable development and cleaner production (CP). To bridge the knowledge gap between the youth and older people in SWM, environmental sustainability education should be integrated into schools at all levels within developing countries.

PREDICTION OF ELECTRONIC WASTE DISPOSALS FROM RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norazli Othman ◽  
Roslina Mohammad ◽  
Samira Albati Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Disposal Option

The most fundamental element in planning electronic waste management is to acquire reliable data on the total volume of electronic waste generated from various sources such as residential premises, commercial buildings and industrial areas. Hence, a crucial aspect of electronic waste management is to predict the accumulation of electronic wastes in the future.  This study aims to predict electronic waste to be disposed of for the next 15 years, focusing only on electronic waste from residential areas. A few rural and urban areas of residential premises were randomly selected as a case study. The result for this study was deduced from the survey and interviews conducted in the vicinity of the study area. Thirty sets of questionnaire were distributed randomly at each selected area. The residential area was divided into three categories i.e. residents with low income (LI), residents with medium income (MI) and residents with high income (HI). The survey was done by distributing the questionnaire to investigate electronic equipment usage and its lifespan by users as well as the waste management option preferred by the residents. The findings of the study showed that approximately 51% of the generated electronic waste will go through four stages of waste management options i.e. reuse, repair, remanufacturing and recycling, while approximately 49% of the generated electronic waste will go through the disposal option i.e. landfill sites. The result of the study showed that the predicted lifespan for the electronic equipment used by residents in Malaysia is between the ranges of 0-15 years. On average, as much as 5% of used home electronic equipment will be disposed of after 6 years of usage, 41% after 9 years and 3% after 12 years. From the study, the information regarding the percentage of electronic waste that will be reused, repaired, remanufactured, recycled and disposed of for the next 15 years can be gained and is presented via scientific analysis.

scholarly journals Energy Generation through Integrated Sustainable Waste Management- Case Study NAXOS 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Shalini Jaiswal Preeti Singh Bahadur and Manjari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sustainable Waste Management ◽  
Power Module ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Management Case Study

The integrated waste management method used to examine solid waste problems in different developing countries along with their solution. Integrated sustainable waste management includes examination of physical elements like assemblage, dumping, and reprocessing as well as government role like involvement of consumers and facility suppliers; financial stability; rational institutions supported by coherent guidelines. The data shows that the performance has enhanced considerably over past 10 years in different developing countries. The mean collection and disposal rate of disposal in the middle 95% are even more common than in the low-income cities, even before 50%. Recycling rates of 20–30% have been achieved by the informal sector in many low-income countries. The evidence suggests that efficient, effective, and inexpensive systems are compatible with local requirements and conditions, developed with the direct involvement of service recipients. Despite the remaining challenges, evidence from recent reforms suggests that sustainable solid waste and resource management are possible for developing countries. The articles distributed right now a wide scope of themes, including vitality recuperation from squander, waste to vitality advances, maintainable vitality frameworks, anaerobic absorption, warm circular segment plasma gasification, microalgal-based biorefinery, squander the board, displaying of cutting edge gasification frameworks, squander valorisation, and microbial power module innovation.

scholarly journals THE URGENCY OF ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION IN INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL (ASEAN) LAW WITH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-104
Author(s):  
Nadya Meta Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Basel Convention ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Almost All

AbstractThe development of technology has been increasing rapidly thus almost all aspects of humans are supported by technology and electronic equipment. More electronic wastes are produced, but those could not be managed similar to the conventional wastes and do not have the same characteristics as hazardous wastes as regulated in the Basel Convention 1989 so that the Convention cannot be applied to electronic wastes management optimally. In this present time, there are still no instruments in international law regarding the management of electronic wastes, but the international community has begun to discuss this issue and argue that it is necessary to develop regulations in international and regional levels, especially in the ASEAN region. The analysis and conclusions of this research shows that the Basel Convention cannot optimally accommodate the regulation of electronic wastes management and it is necessary to establish a regulation in the form of a mechanism under the Basel Convention 1989 with regard to environmental aspects. Arrangements at the ASEAN regional level should be made by referring to the principles regulated in the mechanism and formed in a coordinative and non-coercive guideline. Keywords: e-waste, e-waste management, environmental protection   AbstrakTeknologi semakin berkembang hampir semua aspek kehidupan manusia telah didukung oleh teknologi dengan peralatan elektronik. Produksi sampah elektronik semakin banyak, namun mereka tidak dapat dikelola seperti sampah konvensional dan juga tidak sepenuhnya memiliki karakteristik yang sama seperti sampah B3 yang telah diatur dalam Konvensi Basel 1989 sehingga Konvensi tidak dapat diterapkan pada pengelolaan sampah elektronik secara optimal. Saat ini, belum ada instrumen dalam hukum internasional mengenai pengelolaan sampah elektronik, namun masyarakat internasional sudah mulai membahas isu ini dan perlu adanya untuk mengembangkan peraturan di tingkat internasional dan regional, khususnya di ASEAN. Analisis dan kesimpulan penelitian ini memperlihatkan pengaturan dalam Konvensi Basel 1989 tidak dapat mengakomodasi secara optimal mengenai pemanfaatan sampah elektronik sehingga perlu dibuat suatu peraturan berupa mekanisme di bawah Konvensi Basel 1989 dengan memperhatikan aspek-aspek lingkungan. Pengaturan di tingkat regional ASEAN dapat dibuat dengan mengacu pada prinsip-prinsip yang diatur dalam mekanisme tersebut namun dibentuk berupa panduan yang lebih koordinatif dan tidak memaksa. Kata kunci: sampah elektronik, pengelolaan sampah elektronik, perlindungan lingkungan

scholarly journals Failing Services on Urban Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Review on Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Breukelman ◽  
Harold Krikke ◽  
Ansje Löhr
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Waste Management

The potential and scale of cities enable economic growth and the improvement of citizens’ access to jobs, education, healthcare, culture, public utilities and services. Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the key services provided by cities. Its operations are complex, very visible to the general public, and impacted by strong financial, societal, and political constraints. Performances in developing countries, however, are not positive. United Nations research shows urban collection services covering no more than 39% of the population in low-income countries. Why are many cities in developing countries not able to use their increasing wealth and scale for basic SWM services such as city cleaning, collection, and sustainable landfilling? This paper provides a review of literature on this question over the last decade. It shows that research is mostly on symptoms and has not led to a deeper diagnosis of causes. Lack of resources, infrastructure, awareness, and institutional strength are often pinpointed as causes but, in fact, they should be addressed as symptoms. These symptoms should be designated as dependent variables in a complex causal network with systemic feedbacks, hindering or neutralizing attempts to improve performances if not properly dealt with. Research should concentrate more on assessing the relations between urbanization, urban processes, and urban governance that shape the performance of urban solid waste management. System dynamics modeling may provide new approaches for this diagnosis.

Circular Economy Model for the E-Waste Management Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-230
Author(s):  
Dileep Baburao Baragde ◽  
Amit Uttam Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
The World

The circular economy (CE) model has become highly relevant in recent years, with the electronics industry being one of the divisions that have thought about its application. Regardless of just a constrained measure of writing being accessible on waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste), electronic waste or e-waste is a developing and quickly developing test for waste administration in the world. E-waste is a term for electronic items that have turned out to be undesirable, non-working, or outdated, and have basically come to the 'part of the arrangement', inside only a couple of brief years, given the quick innovative advances inside the business. E-waste is created from anything electronic —PCs, TVs, screens, PDAs, PDAs, VCRs, CD players, fax machines, printers, and coolers— and is commonly broken into two classes, information technology (IT) and consumer electronics (CE), on account of divergent systems and technologies required for recycling these products.

Solid Waste Management Policies in Kenya: The Silence on the Plight of Women and Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Dickson A. Amugsi ◽  
Jane N. Mwangi ◽  
Tilahun Nigatu Haregu ◽  
Isabella Aboderin ◽  
Kanyiva Muindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Preceding Discussion ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Implementation Gaps

Building on available evidence that there are differences of exposure to solid waste among men, women and children, it follows that effective solid waste management (SWM) policies need to recognise such variations, as a prelude to rolling out programmes to address associated socio-economic and health risks. However, this logical scenario does not seem to be the case in many middle- and low-income countries. In this paper, we use analytical review methodology to examine integrated environmental management and sector specific policies in Nairobi and Mombasa, Kenya's two biggest cities, to highlight the extent to which existing policies cover the differential challenges of exposure to solid waste and associated health challenges for women and children. We found that apart from one municipal policy and the Kenya Vision 2030 documents respectively, which underscore the importance of including women and young people in waste management, 16 other policy documents reviewed are generally silent on women and children issues. Beyond the limited focus on women- and children-specific challenges, the general lag in policy implementation and enforcement of regulations will still hinder the emergence of an effective SWM system out of the best policy frameworks . The preceding discussion underscores both policy and implementation gaps, which need to be filled, if policies will potentially engender SWM practices that will be relevant and effective in protecting the health of the most vulnerable in urban Africa.

scholarly journals A Study of E-Waste Management Programs: a Comparative Analysis Of Switzerland And Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Dashkova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Fast Development

Electronic waste (e-waste) is being generated around the globe at a high rate. High market penetration of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and the fast development of more innovative designs by producers and manufacturers on a regular basis make the current electrical and electronic equipment obsolete faster than before, which contributes towards the generation of more e-waste. To combat the issue, e-waste management programs are being developed, implemented, or evaluated in many jurisdictions around the world. Ontario is one of the jurisdictions that have taken initiatives and implemented an e-waste management program to address the rising quantity of e-waste. This thesis evaluates the Ontario's e-waste management program by using Logical Framework Approach (LFA) as an evaluation framework, and focusing on the criteria for a normative e-waste management program. It utilizes the Swiss e-waste management program as a case study to provide a comparative analysis, and extract valuable lessons through the application of the lesson-drawing approach that can be applied to improve the effectiveness of the implemented e-waste management program in Ontario.

scholarly journals A Study of E-Waste Management Programs: a Comparative Analysis Of Switzerland And Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Dashkova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Fast Development

Electronic waste (e-waste) is being generated around the globe at a high rate. High market penetration of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and the fast development of more innovative designs by producers and manufacturers on a regular basis make the current electrical and electronic equipment obsolete faster than before, which contributes towards the generation of more e-waste. To combat the issue, e-waste management programs are being developed, implemented, or evaluated in many jurisdictions around the world. Ontario is one of the jurisdictions that have taken initiatives and implemented an e-waste management program to address the rising quantity of e-waste. This thesis evaluates the Ontario's e-waste management program by using Logical Framework Approach (LFA) as an evaluation framework, and focusing on the criteria for a normative e-waste management program. It utilizes the Swiss e-waste management program as a case study to provide a comparative analysis, and extract valuable lessons through the application of the lesson-drawing approach that can be applied to improve the effectiveness of the implemented e-waste management program in Ontario.

Previous, Contemporary, and Prospects of E-Waste and Its Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-110
Author(s):  
Vara Saritha ◽  
Madhavi Konni ◽  
Bhavya Kavitha Dwarapureddi ◽  
R. S. S. Srikanth Vemuri ◽  
Manoj Kumar Karnena
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Enhanced Production

The contemporary world is driven by electronic gadgets without which the survival of mankind is perceived to be incomplete. The uncontrolled dependence of mankind on electronic gadgets has resulted in enhanced production of these gadgets leading to the accumulation of e-waste. Both technological innovation and market expansion have played an important role in electronic waste (e-waste). Owing to hazardous material composition, electronic waste causes environmental problems during the waste management phase if not properly pre-treated. Growing attention is being given to the impacts of these hazardous components from e-waste on the environment. Many countries have drafted legislation to improve the reuse, recycling, and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce disposal problems. The purpose of this chapter is to present an overview of electronic waste, the current status of management of electronic waste, and recycling technologies for the recovery of metals from end-of-life electronic equipment.

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