scholarly journals Dental Macrowear Reveals Ecological Diversity of Gorilla Spp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegan Harty ◽  
Michael A. Berthaume ◽  
Alistair R. Evans ◽  
Jordi Galbany ◽  
Franck Guy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Western Lowland Gorilla ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Dental Measurements ◽  
Western Lowland Gorillas ◽  
Enamel Wear

Abstract Size and shape variation of molar crowns in primates plays an important role in understanding how species adapted to their environment. Gorillas are commonly considered to be folivorous primates because they possess sharp cusped molars which are adapted to process fibrous leafy foods. However, the proportion of fruit in their diet can vary significantly depending on their habitats. While tooth morphology can tell us what a tooth is capable of processing, tooth wear can help us to understand how teeth have been used during mastication. The objective of this study is to explore if differences in diet at the subspecies level can be detected by the analysis of molar macrowear. We analysed a large sample of second lower molars of Grauer’s, mountain and western lowland gorilla by combining the Occlusal Fingerprint Analysis method with other dental measurements. We found that Grauer’s and western lowland gorillas are characterised by a macrowear pattern indicating a larger intake of fruit in their diet, while mountain gorilla’s macrowear is associated with the consumption of more folivorous foods. We also found that the consumption of herbaceous foods is generally associated with an increase in dentine and enamel wear, confirming the results of previous studies.

scholarly journals Effect of NaF, SnF2, and TiF4Toothpastes on Bovine Enamel and Dentin Erosion-Abrasion In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Picchi Comar ◽  
Marina Franciscon Gomes ◽  
Naiana Ito ◽  
Priscila Aranda Salomão ◽  
Larissa Tercília Grizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Metal Fluoride ◽  
Tooth Erosion ◽  
Electric Toothbrush ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Enamel Wear ◽  
Dentin Erosion

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of toothpastes containing TiF4, NaF, and SnF2on tooth erosion-abrasion. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were distributed into 10 groups (n=12): experimental placebo toothpaste (no F); NaF (1450 ppm F); TiF4(1450 ppm F); SnF2(1450 ppm F); SnF2(1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); TiF4(1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); commercial toothpaste Pro-Health (SnF2—1100 ppm F + NaF—350 ppm F, Oral B); commercial toothpaste Crest (NaF—1.500 ppm F, Procter & Gamble); abrasion without toothpaste and only erosion. The erosion was performed 4 × 90 s/day (Sprite Zero). The toothpastes’ slurries were applied and the specimens abraded using an electric toothbrush 2 × 15 s/day. Between the erosive and abrasive challenges, the specimens remained in artificial saliva. After 7 days, the tooth wear was evaluated using contact profilometry (μm). The experimental toothpastes with NaF, TiF4, SnF2, and Pro-Health showed a significant reduction in enamel wear (between 42% and 54%). Pro-Health also significantly reduced the dentin wear. The toothpastes with SnF2/NaF and TiF4/NaF showed the best results in the reduction of enamel wear (62–70%) as well as TiF4, SnF2, SnF2/NaF, and TiF4/NaF for dentin wear (64–79%) (P<0.05). Therefore, the experimental toothpastes containing both conventional and metal fluoride seem to be promising in reducing tooth wear.

Technical note: Occlusal fingerprint analysis: Quantification of tooth wear pattern

2009 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottmar Kullmer ◽  
Stefano Benazzi ◽  
Luca Fiorenza ◽  
Dieter Schulz ◽  
Stefan Bacso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Wear Pattern

scholarly journals Fingerprint Analysis of Ginkgo biloba Leaves and Related Health Foods by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1798-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Song ◽  
Guozhen Fang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Qiliang Deng ◽  
Shuo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract A fingerprint analysis method was developed for Ginkgo biloba leaves and was successfully used for quality evaluation of related health foods by HPLC with electrospray ionization MS. Fifteen samples of G. biloba leaves, which were collected from 15 different locations in China, were analyzed and identified in this study. By both peak analysis and similarity analysis of the fingerprint chromatograms, variation of constituents was easily observed in the leaves from different sources. By comparison with batches of authentic leaves, the authenticity, and quality consistency of related health foods in different matrixes were effectively estimated. It is important to mention that studying a wide range of authentic leaves from various habitats made the quality evaluation of commercial products more convincing and reasonable. The fingerprint-based strategy of the developed method should provide improved QC of G. biloba leaves and products.

scholarly journals Wear reliability of spur gear based on the cross-analysis method of a nonstationary random process

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 168781401881929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Yuan ◽  
Yuhou Wu ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Mircea-Viorel Dragoi ◽  
Minghe Liu
Keyword(s):  
Random Process ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Reliability Model ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Nonstationary Random Process

Tooth wear is one of the main reasons that lead to gear failure. The amount of wear is nonlinearly related to temperature, lubrication, load, and various random factors of materials, with obvious randomness and slow time-varying characteristics. Wear is a nonstationary random process, which has no accurate mathematical model or accurate reliability estimation method. This article proposes a reliability model of spur gears which works under a nonstationary random process that exceeds the limit, and the time-varying wear reliability is studied based on the level crossing analysis method. The wear at tooth root is revised in the calculation under the nonstationary random process, and the reliability curves are obtained afterwards. An experiment is carried out on the spur gear meshing test rig, and the reliability model and wear performance are verified and analyzed. Results obtained with the proposed tooth surface wear reliability model match well with the experimental results. Therefore, this model is applicable for situations under a nonstationary random process. The new method makes contribution to the assessment of gear running status and is of great significance in the prediction of wear life under a nonstationary random process.

scholarly journals In Vitro Simulation and In Vivo Assessment of Tooth Wear: A Meta-Analysis of In Vitro and Clinical Research

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Koletsi ◽  
Anna Iliadi ◽  
Theodore Eliades ◽  
George Eliades
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Enamel Wear

Tooth wear may be described as a side-effect of occlusal forces that may be further induced by the common use of contemporary prosthetic materials in practice. The purpose of this systematic review was to appraise existing evidence on enamel wear from both in vitro and clinical research and explore whether evidence from these study designs lies on the same direction. Five databases of published and unpublished research were searched without limitations in August 2019 and study selection criteria included in vitro and clinical research on enamel tooth wear. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were done independently and in duplicate. Random effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (SMDs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted while a Monte Carlo permutation test for meta-regression on the exploration of the effect of the study design on the reported outcomes was planned. A total of 27 studies (23 in vitro and 4 clinical) were eligible while 12 contributed to meta-analyses. Overall, some concerns were raised for the quality of the existing evidence and the potential for risk of bias. Enamel wear (mm) of antagonist teeth was more pronounced when opposed to conventional porcelain compared to machinable ceramics (SMD = 2.18; 95%CIs: 1.34, 3.02; p < 0.001). Polished zirconia resulted in decreased volumetric enamel wear (mm3) of opposing teeth compared to pure natural enamel (SMD = –1.06; 95%CIs: –1.73, –0.39; p = 0.002). Monolithic zirconia showed evidence of enhanced potential for antagonist wear (μm) compared to natural teeth (WMD = 107.38; 95%CIs: 30.46, 184.30; p = 0.01). Study design did not reveal an effect on the tooth wear outcome for the latter comparison when both clinical and in vitro studies were considered (three studies; Monte Carlo test, p = 0.66). In conclusion, there is an overriding need for additional evidence from clinical research to substantiate the findings from the already existing laboratory simulation studies.

scholarly journals From groups to communities in western lowland gorillas

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1896) ◽  
pp. 20182019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Forcina ◽  
Dominique Vallet ◽  
Pascaline J. Le Gouar ◽  
Rubén Bernardo-Madrid ◽  
Germán Illera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Play ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Western Lowland Gorilla ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
Western Lowland Gorillas ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations ◽  
Lowland Gorillas

Social networks are the result of interactions between individuals at different temporal scales. Thus, sporadic intergroup encounters and individual forays play a central role in defining the dynamics of populations in social species. We assessed the rate of intergroup encounters for three western lowland gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla ) groups with daily observations over 5 years, and non-invasively genotyped a larger population over four months. Both approaches revealed a social system much more dynamic than anticipated, with non-aggressive intergroup encounters that involved social play by immature individuals, exchanges of members between groups likely modulated by kinship, and absence of infanticide evidenced by infants not fathered by the silverback of the group where they were found. This resulted in a community composed of groups that interacted frequently and not-aggressively, contrasting with the more fragmented and aggressive mountain gorilla ( G. beringei beringei ) societies. Such extended sociality can promote the sharing of behavioural and cultural traits, but might also increase the susceptibility of western lowland gorillas to infectious diseases that have decimated their populations in recent times.

scholarly journals A New Tooth Wear–Based Dietary Analysis Method for Proboscidea (Mammalia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. e918546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Saarinen ◽  
Aleksis Karme ◽  
Thure Cerling ◽  
Kevin Uno ◽  
Laura Säilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Dietary Analysis

scholarly journals Potential of Different Fluoride Gels to Prevent Erosive Tooth wear caused by Gastroesophageal Reflux

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Körner ◽  
Luca Georgis ◽  
Daniel Wiedemeier ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Florian Wegehaupt
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Erosive Tooth Wear ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Enamel Wear

Abstract Background: This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear.Methods: Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens (randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)) were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 hours by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 hours (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels (Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)) in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results: The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm) showed the best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion, though G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) revealed almost equal and statistically not different results. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047).Conclusions: After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.

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