scholarly journals Monitoring of Radioactive Cesium in Wild Boars Captured Inside the Difficult-To-Return Zone in Fukushima Prefecture Over a Five-Year Period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie SAITO ◽  
Reiko KUMADA ◽  
Kenji INAMI ◽  
Kousuke KANDA ◽  
Masahiko KABEYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cesium 137

Abstract Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011, tissue samples from wild boar (Sus scrofa) outside the evacuation zone (difficult-to-return zone, DRZ) tended to show high concentrations of cesium-137 (137Cs). Understanding the 137Cs dynamics of wild boar populations inside the DRZ is necessary because they affect 137Cs dynamics and wild boar management in areas outside the DRZ. Since few detailed, long-term studies have been conducted inside the DRZ, we measured 137Cs concentrations in 221 wild boar muscle samples obtained from wild boar caught inside the DRZ and surrounding areas over a five-year period. Our results showed that the 137Cs concentration in wild boar from inside the DRZ were higher than those in wild boar outside this zone. No significant difference was observed between muscle and soil 137Cs levels, but significant correlations were observed between muscle 137Cs concentrations and body length and body weight in the low-concentration season, but not between all seasons and the high-concentration seasons. It is considered that the size effects observed during the low-concentration season may be due to factors related to metabolism and changes in food habit. This is the first long-term survey of 137Cs in wild boar inside the DRZ.

scholarly journals Introgression dynamics from invasive pigs into wild boar following the March 2011 natural and anthropogenic disasters at Fukushima

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1953) ◽  
pp. 20210874
Author(s):  
Donovan Anderson ◽  
Yuki Negishi ◽  
Hiroko Ishiniwa ◽  
Kei Okuda ◽  
Thomas G. Hinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Intraspecies Competition

Natural and anthropogenic disasters have the capability to cause sudden extrinsic environmental changes and long-lasting perturbations including invasive species, species expansion and influence evolution as selective pressures force adaption. Such disasters occurred on 11 March 2011, in Fukushima, Japan, when an earthquake, tsunami and meltdown of a nuclear power plant all drastically reformed anthropogenic land use. Using genetic data, we demonstrate how wild boar ( Sus scrofa leucomystax ) have persevered against these environmental changes, including an invasion of escaped domestic pigs ( Sus scrofa domesticus ). Concurrently, we show evidence of successful hybridization between pigs and native wild boar in this area; however in future offspring, the pig legacy has been diluted through time. We speculate that the range expansion dynamics inhibit long-term introgression and introgressed alleles will continue to decrease at each generation while only maternally inherited organelles will persist. Using the gene flow data among wild boar, we assume that offspring from hybrid lineages will continue dispersal north at low frequencies as climates warm. We conclude that future risks for wild boar in this area include intraspecies competition, revitalization of human-related disruptions and disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals The Effect of Imagery Training and Concentration on Forehand Serve Accuracy of the Junior Table Tennis Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 500-509
Author(s):  
Maulana Arif Ardiyanto ◽  
Muhammad Furqon Hidayatullah ◽  
Sri Santoso Sabarini
Keyword(s):  
Training Methods ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concentration Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

This research aims to uncover: 1) the difference in the effect of internal imagery and external imagery on the forehand serve accuracy of the PTM Dwi Bengawan Solo players, 2) the difference in the effect of high concentration and low concentration on the forehand serve accuracy of Junior Table Tennis Athletes in Sukoahrjo, and 3) the interaction between training methods and concentration on the forehand serve accuracy of the Junior Table Tennis Athletes in Sukoharjo. This is an experimental research. The research samples were determined by using total sampling technique, while the total samples and population were 24 junior athletes in PTM Dwi Bengawan Solo. The data were collected using: 1) concentration test of PTM Dwi Bengawan Solo players and 2) forehand serve pretest. The research instrument included 2 tests, namely the forehand serve accuracy test with validity (0.809) and reliability (0.988). The concentration test with validity (0.89) and reliability (0.803). The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that: 1) There was a significant difference between internal imagery and external imagery training (p = 0.000 <0.05), so the internal imagery training method was better than external imagery. 2) There was a difference between players who had high concentration and low concentration (p = 0.000 < 0.05), so players who had high concentration were better than those who had low concentration. 3) There was an interaction between internal imagery and external imagery as well as high and low concentrations (p = 0.047 <0.05). Players who had high concentration would perform better if trained with internal imagery, while players who had low concentration would be better if trained with external imagery.

scholarly journals Concentrations of 137Cs radiocaesium in the organs and tissues of low-dose-exposed wild Japanese monkeys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Omi ◽  
Sachie Nakiri ◽  
Setsuko Nakanishi ◽  
Naomi Ishii ◽  
Taiki Uno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Japanese Monkeys ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Kidney Liver

Abstract Objectives Following the massive earthquake that struck eastern Japan on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released into the environment from the damaged reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). After the FDNPP accident, radiocaesium was first detected in muscle samples from wild Japanese monkeys exposed to radioactive materials, and haematologic effects, changes in head size, and delayed body weight gain were also reported, but little is known about the distribution of 137 Cs in the organs and tissues of wild Japanese monkeys. Results We detected the 137 Cs in various organ and tissue samples of 10 wild Japanese monkeys inhabiting the forested areas of Fukushima City that were captured between July and August 2012.Among muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, muscle exhibited the highest and the brain the lowest 137 Cs concentration. The concentration (mean±SD) of 137 Cs in muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen was 77 ± 66, 26 ± 22, 41 ± 35, 49 ± 41, 41 ± 38, 53 ± 41, and 53 ± 51 Bq/kg, respectively.These results can help us understand the biological effects of long-term internal radiation exposure in non-human primates.

scholarly journals Concentrations of 137Cs radiocaesium in the organs and tissues of low-dose-exposed wild Japanese monkeys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Omi ◽  
Sachie Nakiri ◽  
Setuko Nakanishi ◽  
Naomi Ishii ◽  
Taiki Uno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Japanese Monkeys ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Kidney Liver

Abstract Objectives Following the massive earthquake that struck eastern Japan on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released into the environment from the damaged reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). After the FDNPP accident, radiocaesium was first detected in muscle samples from wild Japanese monkeys exposed to radioactive materials, and haematologic effects, changes in head size, and delayed body weight gain were also reported, but little is known about the distribution of 137Cs in the organs and tissues of wild Japanese monkeys. Results We detected the 137Cs in various organ and tissue samples of 10 wild Japanese monkeys inhabiting the forested areas of Fukushima City that were captured between July and August 2012.Among muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, muscle exhibited the highest and the brain the lowest 137Cs concentration. The concentration (mean±SD) of137Cs in muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen was 77 ± 66, 26 ± 22, 41 ± 35, 49 ± 41, 41 ± 38, 53 ± 41, and 53 ± 51 Bq/kg, respectively. These results can help us understand the biological effects of long-term internal radiation exposure in non-human primates.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of IgG antimitochondrial M2 antibody levels in primary biliary cholangitis: A single center study from China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242164
Author(s):  
Lina Feng ◽  
Kaihui Dong ◽  
Xiaoxue Zhang ◽  
Bo Ma ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hepatic Decompensation ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Background and objective The relationship between antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) levels and the severity or prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is unclear. This study explored the clinical significance of serum IgG antimitochondrial M2 antibody (IgG-M2) levels. Methods From 2008 to 2017, a retrospective analysis was conducted with PBC patients who had available quantitative values of serum IgG-M2 levels obtained with ELISA based on triple expression hybrid clones. The patients were divided into two groups based on high and low concentrations of IgG-M2. Baseline parameters, the incidence of adverse events, and prognosis were compared. Results Among the 530 PBC patients, the levels of albumin, cholinesterase, hemoglobin, fibrinogen and triglycerides and the red blood cell count were significantly lower in the high-concentration group than in the low-concentration group (n = 263, 49.6%). The red cell distribution width (RDW) and levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM and IgA were significantly higher in the high-concentration group than in the low-concentration group. Spearman’s correlation analysis suggested that the correlation between the above baseline indicators and IgG-M2 levels was statistically significant but weak (r < 0.2, P < 0.05). In total, 203 patients were followed up, of whom 87 (42.9%) were in the high-concentration group. During the median follow-up period of 52 months (range: 28–75), 121 (59.6%) experienced hepatic decompensation, and 37 (18.2%) died or underwent liver transplantation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications or survival (log-rank test: P = 0.079) between the two groups. One year after ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment, the two groups had similar responses. In addition, the levels of IgG-M2 did not fluctuate significantly during treatment. Conclusion IgG-M2 levels were not related to the disease severity, prognosis or efficacy of UDCA. The levels of IgG-M2 did not change significantly during treatment.

scholarly journals Stepwise low concentration atropine for myopic control: a 10-year cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Ni Chuang ◽  
Po-Chiung Fang ◽  
Pei-Chang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Poor Response ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Myopic Progression

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze changes in refraction and evaluate the variables in school children who received atropine as myopic control for 10 years. Low-concentration atropine (0.05%) was prescribed initially, and the dose was increased in a stepwise manner if rapid myopic progression (≥ 0.5D per half year) was noted during the regular follow-up visit. 23 children with a mean age of 6.96 ± 1.07 years were included. The initial spherical equivalent was − 1.25 ± 0.84 D. The overall mean myopic progression was − 0.30 ± 0.27 D/year. Younger initial age, female, higher initial spherical equivalent and the need of higher concentration of atropine were found to be risk factors for myopic progression in multivariate mixed-effect analysis (p = 0.013, 0.017, 0.024 and 0.014). Children who kept using a lower concentration of atropine (≤ 0.1%) tended to have slower myopic progression throughout the 10-year course than those who shifted to higher concentrations (> 0.1%) (p ≤ 0.001). Stepwise low concentration of atropine might be effective for long-term myopic control in school students. Those who had poor response to lower concentration of atropine may have the risk of faster progression, even with high concentration of atropine. Additional or alternative treatment might be considered.

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