The Effect of Imagery Training and Concentration on Forehand Serve Accuracy of the Junior Table Tennis Athletes

This research aims to uncover: 1) the difference in the effect of internal imagery and external imagery on the forehand serve accuracy of the PTM Dwi Bengawan Solo players, 2) the difference in the effect of high concentration and low concentration on the forehand serve accuracy of Junior Table Tennis Athletes in Sukoahrjo, and 3) the interaction between training methods and concentration on the forehand serve accuracy of the Junior Table Tennis Athletes in Sukoharjo. This is an experimental research. The research samples were determined by using total sampling technique, while the total samples and population were 24 junior athletes in PTM Dwi Bengawan Solo. The data were collected using: 1) concentration test of PTM Dwi Bengawan Solo players and 2) forehand serve pretest. The research instrument included 2 tests, namely the forehand serve accuracy test with validity (0.809) and reliability (0.988). The concentration test with validity (0.89) and reliability (0.803). The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that: 1) There was a significant difference between internal imagery and external imagery training (p = 0.000 <0.05), so the internal imagery training method was better than external imagery. 2) There was a difference between players who had high concentration and low concentration (p = 0.000 < 0.05), so players who had high concentration were better than those who had low concentration. 3) There was an interaction between internal imagery and external imagery as well as high and low concentrations (p = 0.047 <0.05). Players who had high concentration would perform better if trained with internal imagery, while players who had low concentration would be better if trained with external imagery.

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THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING METHODS AND CONCENTRATION ON THE ABILITY TO ROW DISTANCE OF 1000 METERS

EDU SCIENCES JOURNAL ◽

10.30598/edusciencesvol1iss3pp208-220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 208-220

Author(s):

Mariana Ditboya Hukubun

Keyword(s):

Hypothesis Test ◽

Interval Training ◽

Training Methods ◽

Training Method ◽

High Concentration ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Concentration Method ◽

The Difference ◽

Treatment Design ◽

Better Than

This study were aimed to analyze: (1) the difference influence of interval and fartlek training method toward the result ability of Kayak paddle at the distance of 1000 meter, (2) interaction between training and concentration method toward the ability of paddle at the distance of 1000 meter, and (3) difference influence of high concentration trained by interval and fartlek training method toward the result ability of kayak paddle at the distance of 1000 meter, (4) difference influence of low concentration trained by interval and fartlek training method toward the result ability of kayak paddle at the distance of 1000 meter. This experiment research used 2 x 2 treatment design. The subjects in this study were Kayak paddle athletes of Maluku Province which concsist of 42 people. The techniques of data analysis used was ANAVA. Based on the hypothesis test, the results of this study are: (1) overall there are significant differences between the interval training method and the fartlek training method on the results of the ability to row 1000 meters in rowing athletes like Maluku. , (2) there is an interaction between the training methods used with concentration on the results of the ability to row 1000 meters in rowing athletes like Maluku. Conclusions: (1) interval training method is better than fartlek training method on the ability to row 1000 meters distance, (2) athletes with high concentration and trained with interval and fartlek training methods are better compared with low concentration athletes who are trained with interval training methods and fartlek

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PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN DRILL DAN WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP KETEPATAN DRIVE DALAM PERMAINAN TENIS MEJA

Jurnal Keolahragaan ◽

10.21831/jk.v3i1.4969 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 56-65

Author(s):

Nur Moh Kusuma Atmaja ◽

Tomoliyus Tomoliyus

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Table Tennis ◽

Significance Level ◽

Time Table ◽

Practice Method ◽

Variant Analysis ◽

The Difference ◽

Better Than

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan pengaruh metode latihan drill umpan konstan dan metode latihan drill umpan berubah-ubah terhadap ketepatan pukulan drive tenis meja; (2) perbedaan ketepatan pukulan drive tenis meja antara atlet yang mempunyai waktu reaksi tinggi dan rendah; (3) pengaruh interaksi antara metode drill dan waktu reaksi terhadap ketepatan pukulan drive tenis meja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan faktorial 2 x 2. Populasi peneliti-an ini adalah atlet pemula usia 8-12 tahun. Sampel penelitian ini 28 atlet yang diambil dengan teknik random sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Varian (ANAVA) dua jalur yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05.Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Ada perbedaan pengaruh metode latihan drill umpan konstan dan metode drill umpan berubah-ubah terhadap ketepatan pukulan drive tenis meja atlet pemula Yogyakarta, dimana metode latihan drill umpan berubah-ubah lebih baik dari metode drill umpan konstan, terbukti dari nilai p = 0,048 <0,05. (2) Ada perbedaan ketepatan pukulan drive tenis meja atlet yang mempunyai waktu reaksi tinggi dan rendah pada atlet pemula tenis meja Yogyakarta, di mana atlet yang memiliki waktu reaksi tinggi lebih baik dari atlet yang memiliki waktu reaksi rendah, terbukti dari nilai p = 0,004 < 0,05. (3) Ada pengaruh interaksi antara metode latihan drill dan waktu reaksi terhadap ketepatan pukulan drive tenis meja atlet pemula Yogyakarta, terbukti dari nilai p = 0,016 < 0,05. THE EFFECT OF DRILL PRACTICE METHOD AND REACTIONS TIME ON THE DRIVE ACCURACY IN TABLE TENNIS GAMES. Abstract This study aimed to determine: (1) differences of the effect of training method with constant and various pass drill on the accuracy of stroke drive of table tennis; (2) the difference of the accuracy of stroke drives between table tennis athle tes who have high-and low reaction time; (3) the effect of the interaction between the drill method and reaction time on the accuracy of table tennis stroke drive. This is an experiment research with 2 x2 factorial designs. The populations of this research beginner athletes aged8 to 12 years old. The research samples were 28 beginner athletes taken by random sampling technique. Data analysis techniquesused was the two-ways Variant Analysis (ANAVA), continued by Tukey test with significance level α = 0.05.The results of the research are as follows.(1) There is different effect of practice method usingconstant pass drill and usingvarious pass drill on table tennis stroke drive accuracy of the beginner table tennis athlets of Yogyakarta. Various pass drill method is better than constant pass drill, it is indicated from the score p = 0,048 < 0,05. (2) There is difference of stroke drive accuracybetween athleteswho had high and low reaction time, atletes who had high reaction time were better than those who had low reaction time, it is indicated by score p = 0,004 < 0,05. (3) There is an interaction effect between practice method drill and reaction time on table tennis accuracy stroke drive of the beginners athletes of table tennis of Yogyakarta, it is proved from the score p = 0,016 < 0,05. Key words: Drill practice method, reaction time, table tennis, table tennis drive accuracy.

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PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN DAN POWER LENGAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN SMASH BULUTANGKIS

Jurnal Keolahragaan ◽

10.21831/jk.v1i1.2346 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 63-71

Author(s):

Heri Yogo Prayadi ◽

Hari Amirullah Rachman

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

High Power ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Training Methods ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Drilling Method ◽

The Difference ◽

Better Than

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkapkan: (1) perbedaan pengaruh metode drill dan bermain terhadap peningkatan kemampuan smash bulutangkis, (2) perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan smash bulu-tangkis antara metode drill atlet yang memiliki power otot lengan tinggi dengan metode bermain atlet yang memiliki power otot lengan tinggi, (3) perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan smash bulutangkis antara metode drill atlet yang memiliki power otot lengan rendah dengan metode bermain atlet yang memiliki power otot lengan rendah, (4) pengaruh interaksi antara metode latihan dan power lengan terhadap kemampuan smash bulutangkis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan faktorial 2x2. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet PB. STIM YKPN Yogyakarta. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive random sampling, besarnya sampel yang diambil sebanyak 36 atlet. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan desain faktorial. Uji prasyarat analisis data dengan menggunakan uji normalitas (uji Liliefors dengan α = 0.05) dan uji homogenitas varians (Uji Bartlet dengan α = 0.05).Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara metode drill dan metode bermain terhadap kemampuan dalam melakukan smash bulutangkis. Pengaruh metode drill lebih baik dari pada metode bermain. (2) Ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara metode drill dengan power otot lengan tinggi dengan metode bermain dengan power otot lengan tinggi. Peningkatan keterampilan smash bulutangkis metode drill dengan power otot lengan tinggi lebih baik dari pada metode bermain dengan power otot lengan tinggi. (3) Ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara metode drill power otot lengan rendah dengan metode bermain power otot lengan rendah. Peningkatan keterampilan smash bulutangkis metode bermain power otot lengan rendah lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode drill power otot lengan rendah, (4) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan antara metode latihan dan power otot lengan terhadap peningkatan smash bulutangkis. THE INFLUENCE OF PRACTICE METHOD AND POWER TOWARD THE ABILITY TO PERFORM SMASH IN A BADMINTON GAMEAbstract The purposes of this study are to reveal: (1) the difference in the effect of the drilling and playing on the enhancement of badminton smash, (2) the difference in ability enhancement of badminton smash among athletes who have high arm muscle power with drilling method and those who have high arm muscle power with playing method, (3) the difference in ability enhancement between badminton athletes who have low arm muscle power with drilling and playing methods, and (4) the interaction effect between training methods and the arm power on badminton smash skill. This research used a 2x2 factorial experimental design. The population in this study was athletes of PB STIM YKPN Yogyakarta. The sampling technique used was purposive random sampling whereas, the number of sample taken was 36 athletes. The data analysis techniques in this study was design factorial. The data analysis prerequisite test was using normality test (Liliefors test with α = 0.05) and the test of homogeneity of variance (Bartlet Test with α = 0.05). The results are as follows: (1) There is a significant difference between the methods of drilling and method of playing on the ability to perform badminton smash. The effect of drill method is better than that of the method of playing. (2) There is a significant difference between the method of drilling with the high arm muscle and that of playing with the high power arm muscle. The enhancement skill of badminton smash with drilling method using high power arm muscle is better than the playing method using high power arm muscle. (3) There is a significant difference between the drilling method with low arm muscle power and playing method using low arm muscle power . The increased ability of badminton smash skill using lower arm muscle power is better than using drilling method with low arm muscle, (4) There is a significant interaction effect between the training methods and the arm muscle power on the increase of the badminton smash. Keywords: badminton smash ability, arm power.

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The Effect of Training Methods and Eye-Foot Coordination on Dribbling Abilities in Students Aged 12 – 13 Years

Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae ◽

10.2478/afepuc-2020-0010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 117-133

Author(s):

David Armando ◽

Hari Amirullah Rahman

Keyword(s):

Significant Interaction ◽

Interval Training ◽

P Value ◽

Training Methods ◽

Sprint Interval Training ◽

Significance Level ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Coordination Ability ◽

The Difference

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to examine: (1) the difference in the effect of the method of dribbling sprinting and sprint interval training on the ability of dribbling; (2) the difference in influence between high-eye coordination and low-foot coordination on the ability of dribbling; and (3) the interaction between training methods and eye-foot coordination on dribbling skills. Participants in this study were 37 soccer students aged 12 – 13 years (M = 12.38; SD = 0.49). This research method is an experiment with a 2×2 factorial design. The instrument for measuring ankle coordination is the Soccer Wall Test and for measuring the ability of dribbling is the Short Dribbling Test. The data analysis technique used is two-way ANOVA at the significance level α = 0.05. The results of the study are as follows. (1) There is a significant difference in effect between the method of acceleration dribbling and interval running training on dribbling ability, as evidenced by the value of F = 14,032; p value = 0.002 < 0.05. (2) There is a significant difference in the effect of high eye-foot coordination ability and low-foot eye coordination on dribbling ability, as evidenced by the value of F = 27,685; p value = 0,000 <0.05. (3) There is a significant interaction between the training methods (acceleration and interval running dribbling exercises) and eye-foot coordination (high and low) on the dribbling ability of students aged 12-13 years, as evidenced by the value of F = 21,780 and the p value = 0,000 <0.05.

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The effect of drill exercise and reaction speed on the drive accuracy of beginner table tennis athletes

Jurnal Keolahragaan ◽

10.21831/jk.v9i2.36539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 231-237

Author(s):

Suisdareni Suisdareni ◽

Tomoliyus Tomoliyus

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Practice Effect ◽

Drop Test ◽

Table Tennis ◽

Significant Relation ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Reaction Speed ◽

Difference Effect ◽

Better Than

This study aimed to test (1) the differences of drill practice effect of a constant set of rising repetition and rising set of repetition continually on drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes, (2) the differences of the effect of high and low reaction speed on the drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes in Yogyakarta, and (3) the relation between drill practice and reaction speed on improving the drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes in Yogyakarta. This research used an experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The sample was 20 beginner table tennis athletes in Yogyakarta, taken with random technique from a population of 38 athletes. The instrument for measuring reaction speed was the ruler drop test and for measuring the forehand and backhand drives was the precision of the drive accuracy. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at significance level α = 0.05. The results of the study were as follows. (1) There were significant differences in the effect of a constant set of rising repetition and rising set of repetitions continually to drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes, as proven by the value of F = 7.538 and p = 0.014 <0, 05. The drill practice of a constant set of rising repetition was higher than the drill practice of a rising group of repetition always. (2) There was a significant difference effect of high and low reaction speeds to drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for the beginner table tennis athletes, as proven by the value of F = 21.442 and p = 0.000 <0.05. High reaction speed was better than low reaction speed. (3) There was a significant relation between drill practice and reaction speed on improving punch drive accuracy (forehand and backhand drive) for beginner table tennis athletes, as proven by the value of F = 136.398 and p = 0.000 <0.05.

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PENGARUH LATIHAN KNEE TUCK JUMP DAN LATIHAN HALF SQUAT JUMP TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN SMASH KEDENG DALAM PERMAINAN SEPAKTAKRAW

COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga ◽

10.26858/com.v11i3.13399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Heriansyah Heriansyah ◽

Suhartiwi Suhartiwi

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Male Students ◽

Squat Jump ◽

Significance Level ◽

Jump Training ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Experiment Method ◽

The Difference

This study aims to determine the extent of the difference in effect between knee tuck jump and half squat jump training on the ability to smash kedeng in sepaktakraw games. By using the field experiment method. The population used is male students of Southeast Sulawesi SMANKO with a sample of 60 people taken by Proposive random sampling. The data analysis technique used is the t-test at 95% significance level. The results showed that; (1) There is a significant effect of knee tuck jump training on the ability to smash kedeng in sepaktakraw games on Southeast Sulawesi SMANKO students, proven to = 13,446> tt = 2,045. There is a significant effect of half squat jump training on the ability of the Kedeng smash in sepaktakraw games on Southeast Sulawesi SMANKO students, proven to = 10.478> tt = 2.045. There is a significant difference in effect between training on the ability to smash kedeng in sepaktakraw games on Southeast Sulawesi SMANKO students, proven, to = 9,970> tt = 2,000.

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DETERMINATION OF FEMALE TABLE TENNIS SPORT PERFORMANCE BY SENZOR MOTORIC REACTION TIME

GYMNASIUM ◽

10.29081/gsjesh.2016.17.2.18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol XVII (2) ◽

Author(s):

Henrieta Hornigova ◽

Ladislava Dolezajova ◽

Jaromir Sedlacek ◽

Peter Sagat ◽

Gheorghe Balint

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Table Tennis ◽

Motor Reaction ◽

Significance Level ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Motor Reaction Time ◽

Left Handed ◽

Significant Difference

In the sport performance structure of table tennis is sensor motor reaction time one of the most important factors for reaching top-level results, both in males and females groups. In this research we watched 23 female table tennis players from Slovakia; 9 mini cadets (12-13 years), 6 cadets (14-15 years) and 8 juniors (16-18 years). Girls were tested by modified agility test for table tennis players (Vacenovsky & Vencurik, 2013) with machine FITRO Agility check. Thus we gained their sensor motor reaction times. By Mann-Whitney U-test we studied differences between age categories, upper and lower extremities, dominant (forehand) and un-dominant (backhand) side, right and left-handed players. We used significance level p<0.05. In our research we did not confirm expected results that the older groups have shorter sensor motor reaction time. We also expected shorter reaction time of upper extremities comparing lower extremities; this was confirmed, though there was found statistical significant difference only in juniors group. Groups of mini-cadets and cadets have better (shorter) sensor motor reaction time from backhand side, while group of junior is better from forehand side. We also confirmed that left-handed players have slightly shorter reaction time.

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PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS PRODUK DAN MINAT MENABUNG PADA LPD DESA ADAT TAJUN DENGAN DESA ADAT TEGAL

Agrisocionomics Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian ◽

10.14710/agrisocionomics.v4i1.5373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

Eka Swarnadi Luh ◽

Ketut Budi Susrusa ◽

Ida Ayu Listia Dewi

Keyword(s):

Product Quality ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Research Data ◽

The Other ◽

Physical Evidence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Better Than

LPDs are non-bank financial institutions that are regulated and approved by the Regional Regulations of the Province of Bali. The management of LPD is fully handed over to the relevant Pakraman village. In line with the rapid development of LPDs, it turns out that on the other hand it shows diverse performance, so that LPDs need to pay attention to the level of product quality and customer interest in the products offered. The purpose of the study was to determine the comparison of product quality and interest in saving at the Tajun Traditional Village LPD with the Traditional Village of Tegal. The number of samples from Tajun Adat Village LPD was 98 people and the LPD of Tegal Traditional Village was 84 people. The research data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the quality of the products of the Adat Village of Tajun LPD and the Traditional Village of Tegal. This difference is indicated by indicators of physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness and empathy. The product quality of Tajun Adat Village's LPD is better than the traditional village of Tegal. There is a significant difference between the interest in saving the traditional village of Tajun LPD and the traditional village of Tegal. The difference is in the indicator of confidence. Interest in Saving Tajun Indigenous Village LPD is higher than the Traditional Village of Tegal.

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Effects of Orthokeratology Lens On Axial Length Elongation in Myopia With Anisometropia Children

10.21203/rs.3.rs-741927/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ziyang Chen ◽

Kai-Ming Chen ◽

Ying Shi ◽

Zhao-Da Ye ◽

Sheng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Axial Length ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Spherical Equivalent ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Better Than ◽

Group 1

Abstract AimTo investigate the effect of orthokeratology (OK) lens on axial length (AL) elongation in myopia with anisometropia children.MethodsThirty-seven unilateral myopia (group 1) and fifty-nine bilateral myopia with anisometropia children were involved in this 1-year retrospective study. And bilateral myopia with anisometropia children were divided into group 2A (diopter of the lower SER eye under − 2.00D) and group 2B(diopter of the lower SER eye is equal or greater than − 2.00D). The change in AL were observed.The datas were analysed using SPSS 21.0.Results(1) In group 1, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eye were 24.70 ± 0.89 mm and 23.55 ± 0.69 mm, respectively. In group 2A, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eyes were 24.61 ± 0.84 mm and 24.00 ± 0.70 mm respectively. In group 2B, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eyes were 25.28 ± 0.72 mm and 24.70 ± 0.74 mm. After 1 year, the change in AL of the L eyes was faster than the H eyes in group 1 and group 2A (all P<0.001).While the AL of the H eyes and L eyes had the same increased rate in group 2B. (2) The effect of controlling AL elongation of H eyes is consistent in three groups (P = 0.559).The effect of controlling AL elongation of L eyes in group 2B was better than that in group 1 and group 2A (P < 0.001). And the difference between group 1 and group 2A has no statistical significance. (3) The AL difference in H eyes and L eyes decreased from baseline 1.16 ± 0.55mm to 0.88 ± 0.68mm after 1 year in group 1.And in group 2A, the AL difference in H eyes and L eyes decreased from baseline 0.61 ± 0.34mm to 0.48 ± 0.28mm. There was statistically significant difference (all P<0.001). In group 2B, the baseline AL difference in H eyes and L eyes has no significant difference from that after 1 year (P = 0.069).ConclusionsMonocular OK lens is effective on suppression AL growth of the myopic eyes and reduce anisometropia value in unilateral myopic children. Binocular OK lenses only reduce anisometropia with the diopter of the low eye under − 2.00D. Binocular OK lenses cannot reduce anisometropia with the diopter of the low eye equal or greater than − 2.00D. Whether OK lens can reduce refractive anisometropia value is related to the spherical equivalent refractive of low refractive eye in bilateral myopia with anisometropia children after 1-year follow-up.

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Workshop and package education intervention to knowledge, attitude and practice of ICU nurses on the use of physical restraints

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Khajeh ◽

Milad Bazghaleh ◽

Yaser Tabarraie ◽

Reza Mohammadpourhodki ◽

Mohsen Koushan

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Score ◽

Training Data ◽

Training Methods ◽

Physical Restraints ◽

Significance Level ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Educational Package ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Performance ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the two training methods: educational workshop and electronic package on the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs).Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study, 64 nurses working in ICU at Imam Hossein and Bahar Hospitals in 2017 in Shahroud were randomly selected into two groups of training: workshops and educational package. At first, knowledge, attitude and performance of the two groups were measured and then 2 weeks after the post-test training. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact, Wilcoxon, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney test with a significance level ≤0.05.ResultsA significant difference was found between knowledge score in the workshop (10.40 ± 1.41) and educational package (11.25 ± 0.95) (p=0.007). However, No significant difference was found between the nurses attitude in the workshop group (28.59 ± 2.74) and the trained by educational package (28.25 ± 2.85) (p=0.617). Also, no significant difference was found between the mean practice scores in two groups (p=0/143).ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that the educational package was more effective than the workshop on improving the level of knowledge of nurses about physical restriction, but both methods increased the attitude and practice of nurses.

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