scholarly journals Early signals of Omicron severity in sentinel UK hospitals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazaad Ahmad ◽  
Benjamin Brown ◽  
Andre Charlett ◽  
Emma Davies ◽  
Thomas House ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Using Data

Abstract On 26th November 2021, a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron variant) was designated as a variant of concern by the World Health Organisation. Using data from the Virology laboratory at the Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership (MMMP, a partnership between UKHSA and the Manchester Foundation Trust), we have extracted a real-time feed of Omicron samples from hospitals across Greater Manchester, an area of the United Kingdom with a population size of approximately three million individuals. Omicron hospital samples are growing exponentially across Greater Manchester (doubling time 2.7 days (95% CI: 2.1, 3.7)). The proportion of Omicron in hospital samples follows a similar trajectory to the SGTF proportion in cases, but with a two-day offset. This is consistent with the delay from testing positive to hospital admission, implying a similar proportion of Omicron cases are converting to hospital admissions as for Delta cases. Comparing the Greater Manchester data to national hospitalisation data, similar tends are observed. Therefore, there is no signal of a substantial reduction in hospital admission risk with Omicron, and Omicron epidemics are likely to place a substantial burden on public health infrastructure.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Angolan Adults: A Descriptive Analysis from CardioBengo, a Community-Based Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
João M. Pedro ◽  
Miguel Brito ◽  
Henrique Barros
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Using Data

From a community-based survey conducted in Angola, 468 individuals aged 40 to 64 years and not using drug therapy were evaluated according to the World Health Organisation STEPwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance. Using data from tobacco use, blood pressure, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels, we estimated the 10-year risk of a fatal or nonfatal major cardiovascular event and computed the proportion of untreated participants eligible for pharmacological treatment according to clinical values alone and total cardiovascular risk. The large majority of participants were classified as having a low (<10%) 10-year cardiovascular risk (87.6%), with only 4.5% having a high (≥ 20%) cardiovascular risk. If we consider the single criteria for hypertension, 48.7% of the population should be considered for treatment. This value decreases to 22.0% if we apply the risk prediction chart. The use of hypoglycaemic drugs does not present any differences (19.0% in both situations). The use of lipid-lowering drugs (3.8%) is only recommended by the risk prediction chart. This study reveals the need of integrated approaches for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders in this population. Risk prediction charts can be used as a way to promote a better use of limited resources.

Association of Suicide Rates of Elderly Persons with Fertility Rates

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Using Data

A negative correlation between societal suicide rates and social integration has been reported, but rarely specifically examined for suicide rates of the elderly although suicide rates of elderly persons are among the highest. The associations of suicide rates of elderly persons and fertility rates for 81 countries were examined using data from the World Health Organisation and United Nations. Fertility rates were considered a proxy measure for social integration. Multiple regression analysis indicated that suicide rates for males and females in the age bands 65–74 years and 75+ years were independently (negative) correlated with fertility rates. Fertility rates, as a measure of social integration, may interact with, modify and mediate the effect of cultural factors on suicide rates of elderly persons.

Whose Territory is it Anyway? Should Psychiatry own Alcohol and Drugs in Australia?

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wodak
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Drug Problems

Surely alcohol and drug matters in Australia should be regarded as the province of psychiatry? Decades before any other branch of medicine displayed any interest in the subject and long before alcohol and drugs were considered even remotely respectable, numerous Australian psychiatrists provided inspiration and leadership in this Cinderella field. Drs Bartholomew, Bell, Buchanan, Chegwidden, Dalton, Drew, Ellard, Lennane, Milner, Milton, Waddy and Pols are some of the best known among the many Australian psychiatrists who pioneered efforts to improve treatment for patients with alcohol and drug problems. The NHMRC Committee on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, which has a considerable potential for influencing the field in Australia, has always been dominated by psychiatrists. In the United Kingdom and the United States, countries which often serve as models for much of Australian medical and other practice, alcohol and drug matters are determined almost exclusively by psychiatrists. Is there any evidence that they have been held back by a psychiatric hegemony on alcohol and drug's? For many decades (and until quite recently), alcohol and drug matters were handled for the World Health Organisation by its Mental Health Division. Did we suffer globally because WHO placed alcohol and drugs under the control of psychiatry?

Rehabilitating Public Health Infrastructure in the Post-Conflict Setting: Epidemic Prevention and Preparedness in Kosovo

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Brennan ◽  
Camilo Valderrama ◽  
William R. MacKenzie ◽  
Kamal Raj ◽  
Robin Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Conflict Setting ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Public Health Surveillance System

AbstractThe war in Kosovo in 1999 resulted in the displacement of up to 1.5 million persons from their homes. On the subsequent return of the refugees and internally displaced persons, one of the major challenges facing the local population and the international community, was the rehabilitation of Kosovo's public health infrastructure, which had sustained enormous damage as a result of the fighting. Of particular importance was the need to develop a system of epidemic prevention and preparedness. But no single agency had the resources or capacity to implement such a program. Therefore, a unique six-point model was developed as a collaboration between the Kosovo Institute of Public Health, the World Health Organization, and an international, nongovernmental organization. Important components of the program included a major Kosovo-wide baseline health survey, the development of a provincewide public health surveillance system, rehabilitation of microbiology laboratories, and the development of a local capacity for epidemic response. While all program objectives were met, important lessons were learned concerning the planning, design, and implementation of such a project. This program represents a model that potentially could be replicated in other post-conflict or development settings.

scholarly journals How did the UK government face the global COVID-19 pandemic?

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamiris Cristhina Resende ◽  
Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto ◽  
Stephen Peckham ◽  
Claudia Souza Passador ◽  
João Luiz Passador
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This paper aims to analyse the coordination and cooperation in Primary Health Care (PHC) measures adopted by the British government against the spread of the COVID-19. PHC is clearly part of the solution founded by governments across the world to fight against the spread of the virus. Data analysis was performed based on coordination, cooperation, and PHC literature crossed with documentary analysis of the situation reports released by the World Health Organisation and documents, guides, speeches and action plans on the official UK government website. The measures adopted by the United Kingdom were analysed in four periods, which helps to explain the courses of action during the pandemic: pre-first case (January 22- January 31, 2020), developing prevention measures (February 1 -February 29, 2020), first Action Plan (March 1- March 23, 2020) and lockdown (March 24-May 6, 2020). Despite the lack of consensus in essential matters such as Brexit, the nations in the United Kingdom are working together with a high level of cooperation and coordination in decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The American Roots of Social Epidemiology and its Transnational Circulation. From the African-American Hypertension Enigma to the WHO’s Recommendations

Gesnerus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Mathieu Arminjon
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Social Medicine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Health Policy ◽  
The 19Th Century

In 2008, the Commission on Social Determinants of Health at the World Health Organisation published a report demonstrating the existence of a socio-economic gradient for health. Though health inequalities had been apparent since at least the 19th century, the report introduced a bio-psycho-social aetiological model that was absent from 19th century social medicine, as well as from former WHO documents. To bio-psycho-social epidemiologists stress associated with social status is the main cause of morbidity and death. Here I begin by noting that the history social epidemiologists have written for their fi eld tends to inscribe their work in continuity with 19th century social medicine. This contributes towards minimizing the epistemological and contextual transformations that led bio-psycho-social epidemiology to initiate a profound transformation in international health policy. Adopting an epistemological and transnational perspective, I fi rstly argue that bio-psycho-social epidemiology emerged from René Dubos’ historical and epistemological critique of the foundation of 19th century social medicine. I secondly show how the political and epistemological research program elaborated by Dubos developed in the US context, which was characterized both by a growing concern for chronic diseases and for racial inequalities. Finally, I show that through its transnational circulation in the United Kingdom, bio-psycho-social epidemiology was “de-racialized”. This step was a prerequisite for its aetiological model to be integrated into international public health strategies and to transform them.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING FUTURE PHARMACISTS UNDERSTANDING OF VACCINES AND MYTHS SURROUNDING VACCINATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
SIDRAH ZAHID ◽  
HANA MORRISSEY ◽  
PATRICK BALL
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
White Students ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Minority Ethnic Group ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Free Status

Objective: The United Kingdom has lost its measles, mumps and rubella free status due to a decline in vaccination uptake. There are several beliefs such as safety concern and media influence that discourage people from having vaccinations. To identify gaps in knowledge of vaccination within 3rd year pharmacy students, and to observe whether they can spot myths about vaccines, in particular the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. Methods: A questionnaire-based approach was used after gaining ethical approval which included a range of open and closed questions. Results: None of the participants could identify the six common myths reported by the World Health Organisation and 40% failed to accurately identify the type of vaccine of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. There were clear gaps in knowledge on vaccines in participants particularly from black, Asian and minority ethnic group participants compared to white students. Educating participants about the myths could have positive future implications on their scientific knowledge when they work as pharmacists. Conclusion: Many students did not accurately identify the myths surrounding vaccines and were provided informative leaflets to enhance their scientific knowledge. The gaps in knowledge identified, demonstrates that further teaching sessions should be implemented to cover the grey areas, allowing them to appropriately recommend vaccinations in the future.

scholarly journals Should there be a World Health Assembly resolution for malaria eradication? Opinion against

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jacob John
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
Eradicate Polio ◽  
Health Experts

Abstract A resolution for eradicating malaria, if passed by the World Health Assembly (WHA), will have a distracting effect on all countries with malaria. The continued prevalence of malaria is indicative of weak public health infrastructure. True, smallpox was eradicated by international efforts following WHA resolution: the success factor was primary prevention using a safe and effective vaccine. A resolution to eradicate polio was passed in 1988, with a target year of 2000, but even in 2019 success is not within reach. Public health experts are hesitant to move forward with measles eradication before polio is eradicated. Country by country elimination of malaria is a better way, ensuring the strengthening of public health infrastructure, with many other health benefits.

Work Based Assessments (WBAs) amongst UK medical trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic: How have we adapted?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Shirwa Sheik Ali ◽  
◽  
Sharaf Sheik Ali ◽  
Alex O'Connor ◽  
Jonathan R Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Training ◽  
Medical Trainees ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was recently identified as the RNA virus resulting in the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This was following cases of pneumonia identified in Hubei Province in China. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in March The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in medical, financial and social disruption on an international scale. Such disruption has additionally impacted postgraduate medical training. This has been reflected in the attainment of Work Based Assessments amongst medical trainees in the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals NHS Nightingale North West: A Medical Student on the Front Lines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Holt
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Support Worker ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
North West ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up

Seemingly overnight, on the 12th of March 2020, healthcare systems the world over changed as the World Health Organisation deemed COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. I was moved directly into the fourth year of my medical studies without examination, and applied to work in one of the few field hospitals set up across the United Kingdom, designed to handle to worst case scenario of COVID-19. Here I tended to the most basic needs of patients as a care support worker and witness first hand the relentlessness of this awful disease.  Being able to help and work in a role I was not familiar with has given me great insight into the needs of patient’s whether they are going home or in their final days of life.  As the pandemic cools down and the incidence curve flattens, we have all been put on standby, hopefully not to be required again.

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