scholarly journals Visualising Iron Gall Ink Underdrawings In 16th Century Paintings In-Situ By Micro-XRF Scanning (MA-XRF) And LED-Excited IRR (LEDE-IRR)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Gerken ◽  
Jochen Sander ◽  
Christoph Krekel
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Iron Gall ◽  
Panel Paintings ◽  
First Time

Abstract Until today, iron gall ink is classified as an exceptional underdrawing material for paintings. A certain identification is always based on invasive analysis. This article presents a new non-destructive analysis approach using micro-X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF), LED-excited IRR (LEDE-IRR) using a narrow wavelength-range of infrared radiation (IR) and stereomicroscopy for visualising and identifying iron gall ink underdrawings. To assess possibilities and limits of this non-invasive approach, results were compared to invasive examinations on cross-sections using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The approach is tested on panel paintings of Hans Holbein the Elder and Giovanni Battista Cima da Conegliano. The holistic setup could successfully visualise underdrawing lines made with iron gall inks, which formerly remained invisible by means of conventional IRR. For the first time, a direct access to a formerly invisible type of underdrawing is created, allowing to harness the whole iron gall ink underdrawing for interdisciplinary studies.

An injectable thermogel with high radiopacity

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (28) ◽  
pp. 6080-6083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewen Lei ◽  
Wenjia Shen ◽  
Luping Cao ◽  
Lin Yu ◽  
Jiandong Ding
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
First Time

An injectable thermogel with high X-ray opacity was designed and synthesized for the first time and such a system shows great potential in non-invasive diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Single-Shot X-Ray Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Superfluid He Nanodroplets

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C289-C289
Author(s):  
Oliver Gessner ◽  
Christoph Bostedt ◽  
Andrey Vilesov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Helium Droplets ◽  
Helium Nanodroplets ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Quantum Phenomena

Single-shot coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) experiments were performed on pure and doped helium nanodroplets using femtosecond X-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The superfluid nature of helium droplets presents a rare opportunity to study the onset of macroscopic quantum phenomena in finite, sub-micron scale systems. Despite the small X-ray scattering cross sections of atomic helium, high-quality single-shot CDI data were obtained that give direct access to sizes and shapes of individual nanodroplets. The diffraction patterns from helium droplets doped with xenon atoms differ starkly from the patterns from pure droplets. Strong indications for the formation of complex xenon structures inside the superfluid helium environment are observed, giving access to information about the structure and aggregation dynamics of the dopant species. The results are discussed with respect to the hydrodynamic properties of the superfluid droplets and compared to those of classical drops. An outlook on femtosecond time-resolved CDI experiments to study dynamics in pure and Xe-doped He nanodroplets will be given based on a new undulator-based X-ray pump/X-ray probe technique that is currently under development at LCLS.

scholarly journals Tracking extended mucociliary transport activity of individual deposited particles: longitudinal synchrotron X-ray imaging in live mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Donnelley ◽  
Kaye S. Morgan ◽  
Karen K. W. Siu ◽  
Andreas Fouras ◽  
Nigel R. Farrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Marker Particle ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Repeat Imaging

To assess potential therapies for respiratory diseases in which mucociliary transit (MCT) is impaired, such as cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia, a novel and non-invasive MCT quantification method has been developed in which the transit rate and behaviour of individual micrometre-sized deposited particles are measured in live mice using synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray imaging. Particle clearance by MCT is known to be a two-phase process that occurs over a period of minutes to days. Previous studies have assessed MCT in the fast-clearance phase, ∼20 min after marker particle dosing. The aim of this study was to non-invasively image changes in particle presence and MCT during the slow-clearance phase, and simultaneously determine whether repeat synchrotron X-ray imaging of mice was feasible over periods of 3, 9 and 25 h. All mice tolerated the repeat imaging procedure with no adverse effects. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the particle MCT rate and the number of particles present in the airway both decreased with time. This study successfully demonstrated for the first time that longitudinal synchrotron X-ray imaging studies are possible in live small animals, provided appropriate animal handling techniques are used and care is taken to reduce the delivered radiation dose.

scholarly journals The First Occurrence of Asbestiform Magnesio-Riebeckite in Schists in the Frido Unit (Pollino Unesco Global Geopark, Southern Italy)

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Laurita ◽  
Giovanna Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Index Mineral

In this paper, new mineralogical and petrographical data of asbestiform Magnesio-riebeckite from ophiolite cropping out in the Pollino Unesco Global Geopark (southern Italy) are presented. Magnesio-riebeckite schists with HP-LT index mineral assemblage recorded metamorphic events in blueschist facies in the Frido Unit. Previous toxicological studies showed that asbestiform Magnesio-riebeckite species exhibited high carcinogenicity in previous intraperitoneal injection experiments with rats. The results have been obtained using different analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). Results show that all the samples contain fibrous Magnesio-riebeckite and/or prismatic, acicular crystals in aggregates. The concentration of elements in Magnesio-riebeckite crystals is: Na2O (4.12–6.26 wt%), MgO (8.22–10.87 wt%), FeO (19.07–23.81 wt%), SiO2 (52.05–56.06 wt%), CaO (1.12–4.53 wt%), Al2O3 (1.34–1.93 wt%), and MnO (0.10–0.34 wt%). Magnesio-riebeckite crystals are documented in the Pollino Unesco Global Geopark for the first time. For this reason, the aim of this paper is the characterization of Magnesio-riebeckite to improve the knowledge of this mineral in the studied area, because the release of fibers into the environment is dangerous for human health.

scholarly journals Synchrotron X-ray microtransections: a non invasive approach for epileptic seizures arising from eloquent cortical areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pouyatos ◽  
C. Nemoz ◽  
T. Chabrol ◽  
M. Potez ◽  
E. Bräuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cortical Areas

scholarly journals A two-dimensional waveguide beam for X-ray nanodiffraction

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Krywka ◽  
Henrike Neubauer ◽  
Marius Priebe ◽  
Tim Salditt ◽  
Jozef Keckes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Silicon Waveguides ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Beam Commissioning ◽  
First Time

The micro- and nanofocus X-ray scattering (MINAXS) beamline of PETRA III is equipped with two consecutively arranged endstations, the last of which is the nanofocus endstation. The first in-beam commissioning of the experimental equipment was successfully performed at the end of 2010, using two-dimensionally confining hard X-ray silicon waveguides with cross sections of 50 nm × 50 µm to 50 nm × 2 µm for nanobeam generation. A full characterization of the waveguide-generated beams was performed, giving values for the beam geometries, the transmission efficiencies of the waveguides and absolute fluxes. Along with these results a detailed description of the setup is presented in this paper. A first high-resolution nanodiffraction experiment on a nanocrystalline TiN hard coating was performed to verify the resolution of the nanodiffraction setup and to reveal the local gradients across the blasted TiN coating. In conclusion, the main concern is the availability of the nanobeam, how it was generated and the fact that a beam out of a two-dimensionally confining waveguide was used for diffraction experiments for the first time.

scholarly journals X-ray dark-field radiography for in situ gout diagnosis by means of an ex vivo animal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Scholz ◽  
Nathalie Roiser ◽  
Eva-Maria Braig ◽  
Christian Petrich ◽  
Lorenz Birnbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Msu Crystals

AbstractGout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in peripheral joints and tissue. Detection of MSU crystals is essential for definitive diagnosis, however the gold standard is an invasive process which is rarely utilized. In fact, most patients are diagnosed or even misdiagnosed based on manifested clinical signs, as indicated by the unchanged premature mortality among gout patients over the past decade, although effective treatment is now available. An alternative, non-invasive approach for the detection of MSU crystals is X-ray dark-field radiography. In our work, we demonstrate that dark-field X-ray radiography can detect naturally developed gout in animals with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity based on the in situ measurement of MSU crystals. With the results of this study as a potential basis for further research, we believe that X-ray dark-field radiography has the potential to substantially improve gout diagnostics.

scholarly journals Sicilian Byzantine Icons through the Use of Non-Invasive Imaging Techniques and Optical Spectroscopy: The Case of the Madonna dell’Elemosina

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7595
Author(s):  
Francesco Armetta ◽  
Gabriella Chirco ◽  
Fabrizio Lo Celso ◽  
Veronica Ciaramitaro ◽  
Eugenio Caponetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Byzantine Art ◽  
Byzantine Icons ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Infrared Reflectography ◽  
First Time

The iconographic heritage is one of the treasures of Byzantine art that have enriched the south of Italy, and Sicily in particular, since the early 16th century. In this work, the investigations of a Sicilian Icon of Greek-Byzantine origin, the Madonna dell’Elemosina, is reported for the first time. The study was carried out using mainly non-invasive imaging techniques (photography in reflectance and grazing visible light, UV fluorescence, infrared reflectography, radiography, and computed tomography) and spectroscopic techniques (X-ray fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy). The identification of the constituent materials provides a decisive contribution to the correct historical and artistic placement of the Icon, a treasure of the Eastern European historical community in Sicily. Some hidden details have also been highlighted. Most importantly, the information obtained enables us to define its conservation state, the presence of foreign materials, and to direct its protection and restoration.

Determination of K shell absorption parameters for some lanthanides using the X-ray attenuation method

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1532-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Akman ◽  
R. Durak ◽  
M.R. Kaçal
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Attenuation ◽  
First Time

The total attenuation cross section at the K edge, absorption jump ratio, jump factor, Davisson–Kirchner ratio, and oscillator strength parameters for the K shell were determined by measuring the total attenuation cross sections around the K edge for Pr, Nd2O3, and Sm. The measurements were performed in a secondary excitation geometry using the Kα2, Kα1, Kβ1, and Kβ2 X-rays (in the region from 31.817 to 55.293 keV) from different secondary source targets excited by the 59.54 keV γ-photons from an 241Am annular source. It is the first time that the Davisson–Kirchner ratio values have been determined for present samples. The experimental results were compared with the theoretically calculated and other available experimental results.

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