scholarly journals Sicilian Byzantine Icons through the Use of Non-Invasive Imaging Techniques and Optical Spectroscopy: The Case of the Madonna dell’Elemosina

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7595
Author(s):  
Francesco Armetta ◽  
Gabriella Chirco ◽  
Fabrizio Lo Celso ◽  
Veronica Ciaramitaro ◽  
Eugenio Caponetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Byzantine Art ◽  
Byzantine Icons ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Infrared Reflectography ◽  
First Time

The iconographic heritage is one of the treasures of Byzantine art that have enriched the south of Italy, and Sicily in particular, since the early 16th century. In this work, the investigations of a Sicilian Icon of Greek-Byzantine origin, the Madonna dell’Elemosina, is reported for the first time. The study was carried out using mainly non-invasive imaging techniques (photography in reflectance and grazing visible light, UV fluorescence, infrared reflectography, radiography, and computed tomography) and spectroscopic techniques (X-ray fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy). The identification of the constituent materials provides a decisive contribution to the correct historical and artistic placement of the Icon, a treasure of the Eastern European historical community in Sicily. Some hidden details have also been highlighted. Most importantly, the information obtained enables us to define its conservation state, the presence of foreign materials, and to direct its protection and restoration.

Bleispezies PbX und PbX2 als Brückenliganden in übergangsmetallorganisch geschützten Koordinationsverbindungen/ Leadspecies PbX and PbX2 as Bridging Ligands in Organometallic Protected Coordination Compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rutsch ◽  
Gottfried Huttner
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Disodium Salt ◽  
3D Nmr ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bridging Ligands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
First Time

The disodium salt Na2[{(CO)5Cr}2Pb(NO3)2], Na2·1, which contains a lead center in a (4+2) coordination mode, reacts with tetraphenylphosphonium halides [Ph4P]X to give the tetrahedral compounds [Ph4P]2[{(CO)5Cr}2PbX2] (X = Cl: 2a; X = Br: 2b; X = I: 2c). Substitution of the nitrate groups of Na2·1 by alcoxides leads to binuclear compounds of the type [{(CO)5Crg2Pb(μ2-OR)2Pb{Cr(CO)5}2]2- (R = Et: 3a; R = n -Pr: 3b; R = i-Pr: 3c; R = Allyl: 3d). NMR experiments show that these dimeric compounds are in equilibrium with the monomeric species [{(CO)5Cr}2PbR]- .Trialkylphosphanes react with Na2·1 to give the neutral phosphane complexes [{(CO)5Cr}2Pb(PR3)2] (R=Me: 4a; R=Et: 4b; R = n-Bu: 4c), which show dynamic behaviour in solution. All of the novel compounds have been characterized by X-ray analysis, as well as by the usual analytic and spectroscopic techniques. 207Pb-NMR data of Cr(CO)5- bound lead species are reported for the first time.

An injectable thermogel with high radiopacity

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (28) ◽  
pp. 6080-6083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewen Lei ◽  
Wenjia Shen ◽  
Luping Cao ◽  
Lin Yu ◽  
Jiandong Ding
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
First Time

An injectable thermogel with high X-ray opacity was designed and synthesized for the first time and such a system shows great potential in non-invasive diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Tracking extended mucociliary transport activity of individual deposited particles: longitudinal synchrotron X-ray imaging in live mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Donnelley ◽  
Kaye S. Morgan ◽  
Karen K. W. Siu ◽  
Andreas Fouras ◽  
Nigel R. Farrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Marker Particle ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Repeat Imaging

To assess potential therapies for respiratory diseases in which mucociliary transit (MCT) is impaired, such as cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia, a novel and non-invasive MCT quantification method has been developed in which the transit rate and behaviour of individual micrometre-sized deposited particles are measured in live mice using synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray imaging. Particle clearance by MCT is known to be a two-phase process that occurs over a period of minutes to days. Previous studies have assessed MCT in the fast-clearance phase, ∼20 min after marker particle dosing. The aim of this study was to non-invasively image changes in particle presence and MCT during the slow-clearance phase, and simultaneously determine whether repeat synchrotron X-ray imaging of mice was feasible over periods of 3, 9 and 25 h. All mice tolerated the repeat imaging procedure with no adverse effects. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the particle MCT rate and the number of particles present in the airway both decreased with time. This study successfully demonstrated for the first time that longitudinal synchrotron X-ray imaging studies are possible in live small animals, provided appropriate animal handling techniques are used and care is taken to reduce the delivered radiation dose.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Polarization Sensitive Second Harmonic Generation Imaging Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Alizadeh ◽  
Masood Ghotbi ◽  
Pablo Loza-Alvarez ◽  
David Merino
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Excitation Beam ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Second Harmonic Generation Imaging ◽  
First Time

Polarization sensitive second harmonic generation (pSHG) microscopy is an imaging technique able to provide, in a non-invasive manner, information related to the molecular structure of second harmonic generation (SHG) active structures, many of which are commonly found in biological tissue. The process of acquiring this information by means of pSHG microscopy requires a scan of the sample using different polarizations of the excitation beam. This process can take considerable time in comparison with the dynamics of in vivo processes. Fortunately, single scan polarization sensitive second harmonic generation (SS-pSHG) microscopy has also been reported, and is able to generate the same information at a faster speed compared to pSHG. In this paper, the orientation of second harmonic active supramolecular assemblies in starch granules is obtained on by means of pSHG and SS-pSHG. These results are compared in the forward and backward directions, showing a good agreement in both techniques. This paper shows for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, data acquired using both techniques over the exact same sample and image plane, so that they can be compared pixel-to-pixel.

Imaging soil structure to measure soil functions and soil health with X-ray computed micro-tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-138
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kravchenko ◽  
◽  
Andrey Guber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pore Architecture ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Micro Tomography

The use of non-invasive imaging techniques expands opportunities to characterize soil health and functioning, complementing the information from the traditional soil structure analyses. Soil pore architecture drives water and gas fluxes, chemical transport, activity and movement of soil biota; and imaging techniques are particularly suitable for quantifying it. Here we discuss the potential for X-ray computed micro-tomography (X-ray µCT) as a tool to characterize key parameters of soil pore architecture, such as measures of macroporosity, pore connectivity, pore shape, and solid-to-pore distance. We also provide a brief overview of the principles behind X-ray µCT, examples of the latest literature that implemented these pore measures for soil characterization, and recommendations for the methods that can be used to determine these characteristics using publicly available software ImagJ. We also assembled a list of resources where in-depth information and comprehensive reviews of the current literature can be found.

scholarly journals Methylated Flavonols from Amomum koenigii J.F.Gmel. and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Minh Giang Phan ◽  
Thi Viet Huong Do ◽  
Quoc Binh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Special Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
First Time ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

Methylated flavonols form a special group with modulating biological activities in comparison with kaempferol and quercetin. The present study isolated ten compounds including two kaempferol methyl ethers: 5-hydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (1), 3-hydroxy-5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (6); four quercetin methyl ethers: retusin (5-hydroxy-3,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone) (4), 3,5-dihydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxyflavone (5), 3,4′-dihydroxy-5,7,3′-trimethoxyflavone (7), and 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone (9); β-sitosterol (2); 5-hydroxy-1-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)eicosan-3-one (3); p-hydroquinone (8); and vanillic acid (10) from the rhizomes and fruit of Amomum koenigii J.F.Gmel. (Zingiberaceae). Their structures were determined by MS, NMR, and X-ray spectroscopic techniques. Among the methylated flavonols, 1, 4–7, and 9 were isolated for the first time from the rhizomes, while 1, 4, and 5 were isolated from the fruit. Compounds 2, 3, 7, 8, and 10 were reported for the first time from the species. Three main methylated flavonols 1, 4, and 5 were quantitatively analyzed in the rhizomes of A. koenigii by RP-HPLC-DAD; their contents were determined to be 1.81% (1), 1.38% (4), and 1.76% (5). The antimicrobial assay against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and antioxidant DPPH scavenging test were performed for the isolated methylated flavonols.

Study of Colonial Manuscripts from San Nicolás Coatepec, México, Through UV&IR Imaging and XRF

2012 ◽  
Vol 1374 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Alcántara García ◽  
José Luis Ruvalcaba Sil ◽  
Marie Van der Meeren
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Information ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Suitable Technique

ABSTRACTThe necessity of studying cultural heritage through non-invasive and non-destructive techniques has led to significant advances in the last decade. One of the most recent advancements in this theme in Mexico is the portable X-ray system SANDRA, which was used to study three manuscripts directly related to the history of “San Nicolás Coatepec”, Mexico. X-ray fluorescence was chosen as the suitable technique because it can provide a fast qualitative and quantitative multielemental high sensitivity analysis. The documents were examined globally, using imaging techniques with UV and IR lighting. This research evinced a change in the composition and evolution of writing materials (inks and pigments) and provided information concerning historical use of the documents and its actual legal value as a property document. It also stressed the need of spanning these results to an extensive research attaining other regions of Mexico, in order to fully understand the Mexican documents particularities, aging and deterioration. This, in turn, will provide not only historical material information but also an invaluable scoop to understand deterioration and conservation issues.

scholarly journals Imaging secondary reaction products at the surface of Vermeer’s Girl with the Pearl Earring by means of macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven De Meyer ◽  
Frederik Vanmeert ◽  
Rani Vertongen ◽  
Annelies van Loon ◽  
Victor Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Ground Layer ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Reflection Mode ◽  
Secondary Alteration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract The use of non-invasive macroscopic imaging techniques is becoming more prevalent in the field of cultural heritage, especially to avoid invasive procedures that damage valuable artworks. For this purpose, an X-ray powder diffraction scanner (MA-XRPD) capable of visualising crystalline compounds in a highly specific manner was recently developed. Many inorganic pigments present in paintings fall into this category of materials. In this study, the 17th century oil painting Girl with a Pearl Earring (c. 1665) by Johannes Vermeer was analysed with a combination of transmission and reflection mode MA-XRPD. By employing this scanner in reflection mode, the relative sensitivity for compounds that are present at the paint surface could be increased, establishing it as a highly relevant technique for investigating the degradation processes that are ongoing at paint surfaces. Many of the original pigments employed by Vermeer could be identified, along with four secondary alteration products: gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), anglesite (PbSO4), palmierite (K2Pb(SO4)2) and weddellite (CaC2O4·2H2O). The formation of gypsum was linked to the presence of chalk in the upper glaze layer while the formation of palmierite and weddellite is driven by the presence of lake pigments (and their substrates). In this manner, MA-XRPD can also be used to pinpoint locations relevant for sampling and synchrotron µ-XRPD analysis, which provides information on the microscopic make-up of the paint. A paint cross-section taken from an area rich in palmierite was analysed with synchrotron µ-XRPD, which confirmed the presence of this secondary compound at the interface of the upper paint layer with the ground layer as well as the presence of anglesite in the ground layer. The capacity of MA-XRPD to identify and chart secondary alteration products in a non-invasive manner has only very recently been demonstrated and makes it a highly relevant technique for the assessment of the chemical condition of works of art.

scholarly journals Giovanni Baronzio's 'Crucifixion': analytical approaches and art historical considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gasanova ◽  
Nikolas Bakirtzis ◽  
Dominique Levif-Martos ◽  
Sorin Hermon
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Renaissance Italy ◽  
Infrared Reflectography ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract The small panel of the ‘Crucifixion’ attributed to Giovanni (da Rimini) Baronzio is a perfect example of the artistic achievements of the so-called School of Rimini. Baronzio, active between 1320 and 1350, was one of the most important painters of a group of artists working in Rimini during the first half of the 14th-century whose work was heavily influenced by the work of Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337), characterized by Gothic and Byzantine influences. The panel, with an estimated date in the end of the 1320 s, represents a popular iconographic theme during this period and was painted in tempera and gold on wood. Non-invasive analytical approaches have revealed a rich history of interventions, re-touching and restorations, which allows for some interesting observations and considerations in regard to the work’s history. The applied analytical methods and the related art historical observations and interpretations are the focus of the present article. In order to avoid micro-sampling, a non-invasive methodological approach integrating spectroscopic (μ-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), imaging (UV, X-ray radiography, infrared reflectography) and digital microscopy techniques was applied. This study aimed at the identification of the work’s original materials and techniques, its state of preservation and the complex history of interventions. Results showed that while original materials of the painting conform with those used by artists in fourteenth century Renaissance Italy, there are multiple later interventions both as small-scale inpainting as well as extensive overpainting of various parts of the original Crucifixion composition. Careful consideration of these interventions can shed light to aspects of the panel’s history of preservation as well as on issues of stylistic or compositional ‘corrections’- always an interesting dimension of the changing perceptions of works of art through time.

scholarly journals New Insights on the Stradivari “Coristo” Mandolin: A Combined Non-Invasive Spectroscopic Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11626
Author(s):  
Francesca Volpi ◽  
Giacomo Fiocco ◽  
Tommaso Rovetta ◽  
Claudia Invernizzi ◽  
Michela Albano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
First Time ◽  
Violin Making ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In this work, one of the two existing mandolins made by Antonio Stradivari has been investigated for the first time, as a rare exemplar of the lesser-known class of plucked string instruments. The mandolin was studied by non-invasive reflection Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) on different areas previously selected by UV-induced fluorescence imaging. The analytical campaign was aimed at (i) identifying the materials used by Stradivari in the finishing of the mandolin, (ii) comparing these materials with those traditionally used in violin making, and (iii) increasing the knowledge of materials and techniques applied by Stradivari in the rare production of plucked string instruments. The combined spectroscopic approach allowed us to hypothesize original materials and finishing procedures similar to those used in violin making: a possible sizing treatment of the wood with protein-based materials and silicates, externally coated with an oil–resin varnish. XRF results were essential to support FT-IR findings and to detect possible iron-based pigments in the finishing layers. Moreover, it permitted us to distinguish original areas from the restored areas, including the purflings on the top plate and the varnished area on the treble side of the mandolin for which the originality was assumed.

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